• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.181-184
• /
• 2001

An insulated monopole antenna having a balun and a cap at the coaxial feeder and the monopole end, respectively, may be designed to have a well-confined uniform heating Pattern as well as the satisfactory impedance matching at the input port of the antenna. Measurements by using the infra red camera in the biologically equivalent tissue phantom shows that the highest temperature is 46 degree in centigrade at the 20 watts input Power for 2 minutes and input reflection less than -30 dB at 2450 MHz.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.83 no.2
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 2020

Background: Limited studies have been performed to assess readmission following hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in an Asian population. We evaluated the rates, reasons, and risk factors for 30-day readmission following hospitalization for CAP in the general adult population of Korea. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of 1,021 patients with CAP hospitalized at Yeungnam University from March 2012 to February 2014. The primary end point was all-cause hospital readmission within 30 days following discharge after the initial hospitalization. Hospital readmission was classified as pneumonia-related or pneumonia-unrelated readmission. Results: During the study period, 862 patients who survived to hospital discharge were eligible for inclusion and among them 72 (8.4%) were rehospitalized within 30 days. In the multivariable analysis, pneumonia-related readmission was associated with para/hemiplegia, malignancy, pneumonia severity index class ≥4 and clinical instability ≥1 at hospital discharge. Comorbidities such as chronic lung disease and chronic kidney disease, treatment failure, and decompensation of comorbidities were associated with the pneumonia-unrelated 30-day readmission rate. Conclusion: Rehospitalizations within 30 days following discharge were frequent among patients with CAP. The risk factors for pneumonia-related and -unrelated readmission were different. Aspiration prevention, discharge at the optimal time, and close monitoring of comorbidities may reduce the frequency of readmission among patients with CAP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.04a
• /
• pp.435-439
• /
• 2002

In the pneumatic system, pneumatic cylinder is wildly used to factory automation. In general, Pneumatic cylinder problems are occured with colliding to stroke end part at which piston collide to end-cap, head cap and tube when piston is loading. This appearances have a short life of cylinder and is due to system destruction. This study examines the dynamic characteristics of pneumatic cushioning cylinder and cushion sleeve design. At head part cushion chamber for the vertical experimental, The decisions of cushioning effect and the results of the experimental research are obtained to the followings: i) The cushioning effects could acqure to the reserch, if the compressible energy is more than kinetic ones. ii) The collision of piston and head cover could acqure to the research, if the kinetic energy is more than compressible iii) If the load increase to the rolling car, the cushion region pressures would increase and the dynamic force.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.230-230
• /
• 1998

• Journal of Wind Energy
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inter-laminar fracture toughness characteristics of CFRP pultrusion spar cap materials reinforced with non-woven glass fabric. Test specimens were fabricated by the infusion technique. A non-woven glass fabric and artificial defects were embedded on the middle surface between two pultruded CFRP panels. Double cantilever beam (DCB) and End Notched Flexure (ENF) tests were performed according to ASTM standards. Fracture toughness and crack propagation characteristics were evaluated with load-displacement curves and delamination resistance curves (R-Curve). The fracture toughness results were calculated by compliance calibration (CC) method. The initiation and propagation values of Mode-I critical strain energy release rate value G_Ic were 1.357 kJ/m2 and 1.397 kJ/m2, respectively, and Mode-II critical strain energy release rate values G_IIc were 4.053 kJ/m2 for non-precracked test and 4.547 kJ/m2 for precracked test. It was found that the fracture toughness properties of the CFRP pultrusion spar-cap are influenced by the interface between the layers of CFRP and glass fiber non-woven.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2011

Light microscope, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the fine structure of sperm of the Korea squirrel, Tamias sibiricus. The sperm head of T. sibiricus was paddle in shape. The total length of T. sibiricus sperm was 67.8 ${\mu}m$. The length of sperm head was 7.8 ${\mu}m$, and the tail (60.0 ${\mu}m$) was consisted of four major segments: the neck (1.0 ${\mu}m$), middle (8.0 ${\mu}m$), principal (48.5 ${\mu}m$) and end piece (2.5 ${\mu}m$), respectively. Especially, the length of the middle piece is short, and end piece was very shorter than those of other rodents. The post-nuclear cap was occupied about a fifth of nucleus. The equatorial segment is located between the post-nuclear cap segment and acrosomal cap on the nuclear surface. Nine segmented columns were surrounded by the mitochondria, and numbers of gyres of mitochondria were 26. One segmented column was consisted ten to twelve knobs, and each of segmented column in the neck region connected with the nine outer dense fiber in the middle piece. Numerous satellite-like fibers were scattered around the segmented columns. Nos. 1, 5 and 6 of the outer dense fibers in the middle piece were larger than the others. A fibrous sheath and longitudinal column of the principal piece were in evidence, but the fibrous sheath and longitudinal column was not seen at the end piece. In conclusion, the structural features of sperm head and tail may be useful information to patterns of sperm evolution and classification of species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2016

The wafer temperature and its uniformity inside the LPCVD chamber were analyzed. The temperature uniformity at the end of the wafer load depends on the heat-insulating cap. The finite difference method was used to investigate the radiation and conduction heat transfer mechanisms, and the temperature field and heat diffusion in the LPCVD chamber was visualized. It was found that the temperature uniformity of the wafers could be controlled by the size and distance of the heat-insulating cap.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2003.06a
• /
• pp.1549-1552
• /
• 2003

The front-end side members of automobiles absorb most of the energy in a front-end collision. The front-end side members are required to have a high stiffness together with easiness to collapse sequentially to absorb more impact energy. The axial static collapse test (5mm/mim) was conducted by using UTM with respect to the single hat shaped section members which are the standard section shape of the spot welded section members, to the single cap shaped section members, to the double cap shaped section members and to the double hat shaped section members whose section shape are changed in order to give more stiffness. As a result of test, the energy absorbing characteristic was analyzed for different section shapes. That is, it was analyzed that the change of section shape influenced the absorbing energy, the mean collapse load and the maximum collapse load, and that the relation between the change of section shape and the collapse mode.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2021

In this paper, we design and construct the equipment to manufacture large-diameter optical fiber end caps, which are the core parts of high-power fiber lasers, and we fabricate large-diameter optical fiber end caps using the home-made equipment. This equipment consists of a CO2 laser as a fusion-splice heat source, a precision stage assembly for transferring the position of a large-diameter optical fiber and an end cap, and a vision system used for alignment when the fusion splice is interlocked with the stage assembly. The output of the laser source is interlocked with the stage assembly to control the output, and the equipment is manufactured to align the polarization axis of the large-diameter polarization-maintaining optical fiber with the vision system. Optical fiber end caps were manufactured by laser fusion splicing of a large-diameter polarization-maintaining optical fiber with a clad diameter of 400 ㎛ and an end cap of 10×5×2 ㎣ (W×D×H) using home-made equipment. Signal-light insertion loss, polarization extinction ratio, and beam quality M2 of the fabricated large-diameter optical fiber end caps were measured to be 0.6%, 16.7 dB, and 1.21, respectively.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2015

Objectives: Capsaicin (CAP) is the chief pungent principle found in the hot red peppers and the chili peppers that have long been used as spices, food additives and drugs. This study investigated the anticancer potential of CAP through its ability to modify extracellular matrix components and proteases during mice lung carcinogenesis. Methods: Swiss albino mice were treated with benzo(a) pyrene (50 mg/kg body weight dissolved in olive oil) orally twice a week for four successive weeks to induce lung cancer at the end of $14^{th}$ week. CAP was administrated (10 mg/kg body weight dissolved in olive oil) intraperitoneally. Extracellular matrix components were assayed; Masson's trichome staining of lung tissues was performed. Western blot analyses of matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9 were also carried out. Results: In comparison with the control animals, animals in which benzo(a)pyrene had induced lung cancer showed significant increases in extracellular matrix components such as collagen (hydroxy proline), elastin, uronic acid and hexosamine and in glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. The above alterations in extracellular matrix components were effectively counteracted in benzo(a)pyrene along with CAP supplemented animals when compared to benzo(a) pyrene alone supplemented animals. The results of Masson's trichome staining for collagen and of, immunoblotting analyses of matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9 further supported the biochemical findings. Conclusion: The apparent potential of CAP in modulating extracellular matrix components and proteases suggests that CAP plays a chemomodulatory and anti-cancer role working against experimentally induced lung carcinogenesis.