• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2019

The recent increase in crude oil trading has led to an increase in the workings of SPM for crude oil carriers. VLCCs generally encounter difficulty entering port due to limitations in terms of sea depth and maneuverability. The SPM is a system that allows mooring to the buoy located in the outer sea for such vessels. However, the buoy is more affected by relatively external forces because of their of shore location. Therefore, the safety assessment of SPM is particularly important as it can lead to large oil pollution disasters in the event of SPM accidents. Despite this, in the implementation of the Marine Traffic Safety Audit Scheme in Korea, there exists no guidance for SPM. In this study, a SPM mooring safety assessment is performed using OPTIMOOR, a numerical analysis program, so as to understand the mooring characteristics of SPM. As a result, it is confirmed that the tension of mooring lines and hull movement in the SPM are greatly affected by the encounter angles with external forces. In addition, it is found that the maximum tension of the mooring line is elevated as the water depth becomes shallower through sensitivity analysis. According to SPM characteristics, which has a large influence on the encounter angle, this study has proposed an amendment to setting criteria in the implementation of the Maritime Traffic Safety Audit Scheme which could improve the reliability and accuracy of mooring safety assessments.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.784-789
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• 2015

본 연구는 소형 고속정의 운항한계를 검토하기 위하여 수행되었다. 일반적으로 내항성능의 검토는 선형의 결정 단계 전에 이루어지지만 본 연구는 선박의 건조가 완료된 후에 이루어졌다. 검토 결과, 종동요, 수직 및 수평가속도, 슬래밍의 운동성능은 특정한 조우각을 제외하고는 만족하였으나 갑판침수의 경우에는 해석을 수행한 모든 조건에서 만족하지 않았다. 이것은 대상선박의 크기가 소형이기 때문에 선박의 속도나 파도와의 조우각보다는 해상상태가 설정한 내항성능 기준의 만족 여부에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤기 때문으로 보인다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.779-785
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• 2006

선박의 충돌회피 방법을 제시하는 관점에 있어, 두 선박의 조우각도에 따라 속력이 충분히 고려되어야 할 것이다. 하지만 선박의 충돌회피를 위해 새롭게 연구된 근접상황 선박충돌회피지원 모델의 안전경계영역(Safe-Guard Ring) 설정은 본선과 상대선박의 속력비가 약 1.7이하로 제한되어 있으므로 제한된 범위 이외의 경우에서 충돌 위험이 존재 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 두 선박이 조우하는 각도 및 속력을 고려한 안전경계영역 설정을 연구함으로써 안전한 충돌회피 조종을 위한 선박충돌회피모델을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

Since most merchant vessels are mainly influenced by the added resistance in an actual sea, they could be navigated more efficiently if this added resistance could be precisely predicted and then effectively reduced. In this paper, we have computed the effective horsepower based on the resistance performance in still water and then calculated the added resistance in regular wave in order to estimate a ship's propulsion performance on a voyage. Firstly, we have performed experiments using a model of KCS in a circulating water channel to estimate the flow characteristics around a container ship and the ship's resistance in still water. Then we have calculated the motion response function in regular wave as well as the values for the increase in resistance, and evaluated the ship's motion performance in waves according to the calculated response function. It was found that the resistance in waves increased because the ship's motion response value became larger as the ship's speed increased in the case of head sea. The effect of the added resistance could be reduced by maneuvering the ship to the encounter angle of $120^{\circ}$ in areas of long wavelengths and to head sea in areas of short wavelengths.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집(제1권)
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• pp.23-29
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• 2006

선박의 충돌회피 방법을 제시하는 관점에 있어, 두 선박의 조우각도에 따른 속력이 충분히 고려되어야 할 것이다. 하지만 선박의 충돌회피를 위해 새롭게 연구된 근접상황 선박충돌회피지원 모델의 Safe-Guard Ring 설정은 본선과 상대선박의 속력비가 약 1.7 이하로 제한되어 있으므로 제한된 범위 이외의 경우에서 충돌 위험이 존재 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 두 선박이 조우하는 각도 및 속력을 고려한 Safe-Guard Ring 설정을 연구함으로써 안전한 충돌회피 조종을 위한 선박충돌회피모델을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.741-746
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• 2010

선박이 파랑중을 항행할 경우에는 정수중에 비하여 저항이 증가하기 때문에 예부선의 안정성 확보를 위해 예선의 예인마력과 예인삭의 절단하중 등을 산정할 때에 부선의 정수중 저항값 및 파랑중 저항값을 정확히 추정해야 안전한 예항업무를 이행할 수 있다. 현재 정부에서 제안하고 있는 방법에 의하면 부선의 전저항 산정시 마찰저항, 조파저항, 공기저항은 선체의 형상 및 예선의 속력 등을 고려하여 산정하지만 부가저항은 유의파고에 따라 일률적으로 적용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 파랑중 부가저항 추정을 위해 수치계산을 실시하여 wigley 선형에 대한 기존의 실험 데이터와 상호 비교함으로서 본 계산법의 유효성을 검증하고, 검증된 수치계산법을 토대로 실무에서 많이 사용되고 있는 두개의 부선 모델을 대상으로 계산을 실행한 결과 부선의 부가저항은 파도와의 만남각에 따라 약 0.3∼1.1톤, 예인속력에 따라 약 0.4∼1.2톤, 선수형상에 따라 약 0.5∼1.1톤으로 차이가 발생함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.258-265
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• 2001

A prognathic mandible and prominent gonial angle are considered to be unattractive in the Orient because it gives the face a square and muscular appearance. Requests for contouring of the mandibular angle are rare in the other race but are much more common in Korea and, through out the Orient. So, we often encounter a patient with a prognathic mandible and squarish or broad face who wishes to have his or her facial size reduced minimally or to acquire a round or slender appearance. But, mandibular angle is located in the deepest part of the operative field and the strong tension of the lateral soft tissue makes retraction difficult. It is extremely difficult to reduce the gonial angle with sagittal split ramus osteotomy by intraoral approach at the same time. We apply the method of gonial angle reduction during SSRO and had satisfactory results. We will present our results and hope to give some useful information for management of mandibular deformity.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.255-268
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• 2022

Light-weight or low-damped structures may encounter the unsteady galloping instability that occurs at low reduced wind speeds, where the classical quasi-steady assumption is invalid. Although this unsteady phenomenon has been widely studied for rectangular cross sections with one side perpendicular to the incidence flow, the effect of the mean wind angle of attack has not been paid enough attention yet. With four sectional models of different side ratios and geometric shapes, the presented research focuses on the effect of the wind angle of attack on unsteady galloping instability. In static tests, comparatively strong vortex shedding force was noticed in the middle of the range of flow incidence where the lift coefficient shows a negative slope. In aeroelastic tests with a low Scruton number, the typical unsteady galloping, which is due to an interaction with vortex-induced vibration and results in unrestricted oscillation initiating at the Kármán vortex resonance wind speed, was observed for the wind angles of attack that characterize relatively strong vortex shedding force. In contrast, for the wind angles of attack with relatively weak shedding force, an "atypical" unsteady galloping was found to occur at a reduced wind speed clearly higher than the Kármán-vortex resonance one. These observations are valid for all four wind tunnel models. One of the wind tunnel models (with a bridge deck cross section) was also tested in a turbulent flow with an intensity about 9%, showing only the atypical unsteady galloping. However, the wind angle of attack with the comparatively strong vortex shedding force remains the most unfavorable one with respect to the instability threshold in low Scruton number conditions.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2005

Generally, the underwater flight vehicle (UFV) depth control system operates with the following problems: it is a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system because the UFV contains both pitch and depth angle variables as well as multiple control planes, it requires robustness because of the possibility that it may encounter uncertainties such as parameter variations and disturbances, it requires a continuous control input because the system that has reduced power consumption and acoustic noise is more practical, and further, it has the speed dependency of controller parameters because the control forces of control planes depend on the operating speed. To solve these problems, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFSMC), which is based on the decomposition method using expert knowledge in the UFV depth control and utilizes a fuzzy basis function expansion (FBFE) and a proportional integral augmented sliding signal, is proposed. To verify the performance of the AFSMC, UFV depth control is performed. Simulation results show that the AFSMC solves all problems experienced in the UFV depth control system online.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.192-192
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• 2000

In this paper, a platoon merging is considered as a remote-controlled system with the state represented by a stochastic process. In this system, it becomes to encounter situations where a single decision maker controls a large number of subsystems, and observation and control signals are sent over a communication channel with finite capacity and significant transmission delays. Unlike classical estimation problem in which the observation is a continuous process corrupted by additive noise, there is a constraint that the observation must be coded and transmitted over a digital communication channel with finite capaci쇼. A recursive coder-estimator sequence is a state estimation scheme based on observations transmitted with finite communication capacity constraint. Using the coder-estimator sequence, the remote control station designs a feedback controller. In this paper, we introduce a stochastic model for the lead vehicle in a platoon of vehicles considering the angle between a road surface and a horizontal plane as a stochastic process. The simulation results show that the inter-vehicle distance and the deviation from the desired inter-vehicle distance are well regulated.