• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.60-70
• /
• 1998

국내에서 가장 전형적인 폐쇄성 해역인 마산만은 연안도시인 마산시와 창원시의 배수지역이다. 유역인구가 약 100만명으로 증가된 시점인 1993년 11월에 마산시 덕동하폐수종말처리장이 가동되기 시작하였으며, 그 유출수는 마산내만에서 약 15km 떨어진 옥계해역에 방류되기 시작하였다. 본 연구에서는 마산만 유입부하의 분포가 어떻게 변화하였으며, 유입부하량과 유입오염물질의 성상은 어떠한 가를 규명하였다. 또한 마산만 유입부하 특성의 변화가 폐쇄성 연안 수질에 어떠한 영향을 주고 있는가를 연구하였다.

• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 1992

It is, as everyone knows, very important for human beings to protect and conserve marine environment. We has believed the ocean is so wide and deep that it cannot be polluted. But it has begun to doubt the capacity of self-purification of the ocean due to pollution arising from marine casualities. It has proved that semi-enclosed sea is likely to be polluted and cannot be restored easily once pollution occurs. Therefore, first of all it is important to take preventive measures for prevention of marine pollution in the semi-enclosed sea like the Yellow Sea. Many of regional conventions for prevention of marine pollution have come into existence. this dissertation was set out for the fact that the Yellow Sea is semi-enclosed sea which is vulnerable to marine pollution. It is desirable not to deal with marine preservation of the Yellow Sea by a single exclusively but to deal with it by cooperation of all coastal states under the present circumstances. I proposed a program of regional cooperation to protect and conserve the Yellow Sea. This program must be progressed with gradual arrangements. First, they must establist a basic cooperation committee to work basic affairs on the protection of marine environment within the Yellow Sea. The Committee Mainly play parts of study and research concerned with pollution of the Yellow Sea in the non-governmental side and consist of legal and scientific experts. Second, they must establish the control Committee to prevent marine pollution of the Yellow Sea substantially. There is a reason that regional cooperation cannot be directly concluded with the regional tready. Because there is a problem of Recognition of States left. In principle, a subject of tready must be a state in the International Law. But they have not made Recognition of State which is demanded by International Law between North and South Koreas. Therefore, the Control committee must play a substantial part of prevention from pollution instead of the treaty. Finally, we concluded tentatively named $\ulcorner$Convention on Regional Cooperation for Protection of Marine Environment of the Yellow Sea from Pollution$\lrcorner$ if the matter is settled which is related to Recognition of States in the International Law.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.49-65
• /
• 2018

The main purpose of this study is to explain fishery relation in the seas surrounding Korea and how the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD), within game theory is applied to the region and suggest possible co-operative approaches in the region. The seas surrounding Korea are very productive fishing grounds with abundant fisheries resources because of the favourable marine environment, including its geographical features and physical oceanography. Nevertheless, Fishery relations among the coastal states in the region have been historically characterized by conflict rather than co-operation. Based on the PD game where there is always an incentive to do better by not co-operating, in order to ensure a share of the short-run benefits, fishing countries in the region have so far pursued the non-co-operative strategy of 'don't fish responsibly' rather than the co-operative strategy of 'fish responsibly'. Considering rapidly deteriorating situations in terms of fishery resources, regional co-operation among coastal states is urgently required to eliminate overfishing and increase fish stocks to sustainable levels. The West Sea/East China Sea and the East Sea, semi-enclosed seas, have unitary ecosystems, and many migratory fish species are shared between coastal states. Therefore, one countries' efforts alone cannot effectively manage and conserve the fishery resources and close co-operation among coastal states is required. The 1982 UN Convention and other international instruments emphasize the role of RFOs in managing and conserving capture fisheries and encourage states to establish Regional Fishery organizations (RFOs) or strengthen existing RFOs to facilitate conservation and management for fish stocks. Therefore, an international regime is worthy of serious consideration in that it provides fundamental advantages for the conservation of fish stocks for the fishery characteristic of the region.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.301-307
• /
• 2006

서해안과 같이 큰 조차를 가진 연안해역에서 항만건설과 매립사업이 널리 진행되고 있으며, 대부분의 사업은 방조제 건설을 필요로 한다. 대부분의 방조제는 내부와 외부사이에 해수가 교환되지 않으나, 사석만을 사용해서 축조된 방파제와 가호안의 투수성 제방에서는 해수가 교환된다. 내부의 수면은 외부 조위의 변화에 따라 시간에 따라 변화하나 그 조차는 해수교환시 제방에서의 큰 마찰로 인하여 외부보다는 작다. 지금까지의 연구에서는 제방을 통한 해수교환을 무시하는 것이 조석모델링에서 일반적이다. 이는 내부의 해수면 변화를 계산할 수 없을 뿐 아니라 물막이 공사와 같이 일부 개방구간이 존재하는 경우에 개방구간만을 통한 해수교환량만을 고려하고, 제체를 통한 해수교환량을 무시하여 내부의 조위와 실제 해수교환량을 부정확하게 계산한다. 본 연구에서는 지하수이론을 이용하여 해수유동모의시 투수성 제체를 통한 해수교환량을 정확히 고려할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.332-338
• /
• 1993

황해는 한반도와 중국대륙으로 둘러싸이고 동지나해와 연결되어 있는 연해로서 넓 은 대륙붕과긴해안선을 갖고 있으며, 또한 생물자원이 풍부하고 다양하여 수산자원의 공급원으로서 중요하고 또 공간자원으로서 이용가치가 커서 주변 국가의 국민 경제에 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 한편 황해는 반폐쇄형 수피인데, 최근 주변국가의 괄 목할 만한 경제적 발단과 함께 인구의 도시집궁과 황해 연안에 임해 단지의 건설에 따 라 막대한 양의 생활하수와 산업폐수가 황해에 유입되고 있어 황해의 수질오염이 심각 한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 그런데 해양오염에는 국경이 없기 때문에 국제협력이 무엇 보다 요소되는 분야이다. 황해를 둘러 싸고 있는 국가로서 중국, 북한 및 한국이 있 고 또한 인접국가로서 일본과 소년이 황해와 이해 관계가 있어 이들 국가와의 협력이 긴요하다고 보겠다. 특히 황해의 환경보전에 있어서 중국 및 북한 과의 협력을 추진하 기 위하여 이들 국가의 현황을 밝히고 국제협력 방안을 모색하고자 한다.

• 한국지형학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.223-233
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 함평만의 간석지 해안지형의 분포특징과 그 변화과정이다. 함평만은 하천의 유입이 없는 분지형태와 같은 반폐쇄형 만으로, 외해 만 입구는 좁고, 내해로 가면서 넓어지는 형태이다. 이곳의 퇴적물 공급원은 조류와 연안사면에서 이동된 물질이다. 연구지역의 주요 지형요소는 간석지, 갯골, 조간대사주, 해식애, 해안단구 등이다. 간석지형은 입도조성에 따라 뻘 간석지, 사질혼성 간석지로 분류되었다. 뻘 간석지는 갯벌이 간석지와 연속성을 보이며 완만히 이어지는 해안지역에, 그리고 사질혼성 간석지는 해식애와 해안단구 기저 지역에 발달하였다. 일부 해안 지형에서는 신생대 4기 해수면 변동으로 퇴적된 지층이 확인되었다. 10년간 간석지 입도조성 변화 분석에서 모래는 2%, 실트는 6% 증가하였고, 점토는 9% 감소하였다. 오목형 간석지에는 염생식물이 정착해 있다. 염생식물의 분포 면적 변화는 2001년에 2.4km²에서 2009년에는 9.3km²로 약 4배 확대되었다. 같은 시기 염생식물 분포 지역에서 평균입도는 6.5φ에서 4.5φ로 조립화되는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국패류학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.221-232
• /
• 2015

Observations in beach, intertidal and upper subtidal environments in Peter the Great Bay (north-western East Sea) have shown that attached algae were found on empty shells of 13 species of epifaunal and infaunal bivalve mollusks. Thirteen algae species were identified on empty dislodged shells but more than 50 species are known to be epibiotic on living bivalves. The dislodgement of shells with attached algae takes place in semi-enclosed, low-energy areas, as well as those which are open and affected by strong wave action, indicating the large scale of this phenomenon. The significance of seaweed transportation of living mollusks and their empty shells in the coastal zone, involving both taphonomic and ecological processes, is stressed. Algae appear to be a taphonomic agent and play a similar role as compared to birds or hermit crabs, but they act passively and contribute to environmental mixing in death assemblages in coastal environments.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 1999

To estimate absolute transports by advection in the southwestern East Sea (Japan Sea), an inverse method was applied to CTD data obtained in July 1993. The relative velocities are calculated using the thermal wind equation. The inverse model was formulated to obtain a reference velocity based on the mass conservation in each of four vertical layers within a region enclosed by hydrographic sections and the coastal boundary. The flow patterns in the surface layer are clockwise and anti-clockwise in the regions south and northwest of Ulleung Island, respectively, and a strong northward flow appears in between them. In the second layer, the flow fields are generally weak. The inverse calculation yields the southward flow along the coast, and this suggests that the subsurface low salinity water in the Ulleung Basin is supplied by the southward transport along the east coast of Korea.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.349-366
• /
• 2007

Seasonal variations of various physicochemical components (temperature, salinity, pH, DO, COD, DOC, nutrients-silicate, DIN, DIP) and potential limiting factor for phytoplankton primary production were studied in the surface water of semi-enclosed Masan Bay. Seasonal variations of nutrient concentrations, with lower values in summer and winter, and higher in fall, are probably controlled by freshwater loadings to the bay, benthic flux and magnitude of occurrence of phytoplankton communities. Their spatial distributional patterns are primarily dependent on physical mixing process between freshwater and coastal seawater, which result in a decreasing spatial gradient from inner to outer part of the bay. In the fall season of strong wave action, the major part of nutrient inputs (silicate, ammonium, dissolved inorganic phosphorus) comes from regeneration (benthic flux) at sediment-water interface. During the summer period, high Si:DIN and Si:DIP and low DIN:DIP relative to Redfield ratios suggest a N- and secondarily P-deficiency. During other seasons, however, silicate is the potential limiting factor for primary production, although the Si-deficiency is less pronounced in the outer region of the bay. Indeed, phytoplankton communities in Masan Bay are largely affected by the seasonal variability of limiting nutrients. On the other hand, the severe depletion of DIN (relatively higher silicate level) during summer with high freshwater discharge probably can be explained by N-uptake of temporary nanoflagellate blooms, which responds rapidly to pulsed nutrient loading events. In Masan Bay, this rapid nutrient consumption is considerably important as it can modify the phytoplankton community structures.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.71-103
• /
• 2009

This study is designed to propose the ways of the multilateral cooperation system for effective management of fisheries resources in the various overlapping zones established by bilateral fisheries agreements between Korea, China and Japan in North East Asia as semi-enclosed sea. It is necessary to build multilateral fisheries cooperation between Korea, China and Japan in North East Asia because conservation & management of transboundary fish stocks could not be guaranted effectively by the management of fisheries resources in the area where piled up the current-fishing-pattern zone, as white zone and the various grey zone as middle zone, and the interim measures zone of bilateral fisheries agreements between Korea, China and Japan are piled up. Fisheries management in Korea, China and Japan by the bilateral fisheries agreements in North East Asia is faced with difficulties manage fisheries resources. International relationship on fisheries is maintained by bilateral fisheries agreements based on UNCLOS. However fisheries resources are over-exploited and the recovery of the fisheries resources is very slow because proper conservation and management of transboundary fish stocks which article 63(1) of UNCLOS defines have not prepared yet. Thus close cooperation among the coastal States for a proper conservation and management of transboundary fish stocks is necessary. Since the transboundary fish migrate within the EEZs of two or more coastal States, there is a need to manage the fish stocks in the region between Korea, China and Japan through a multi-lateral mechanism at ccircumference area of the current-fishing-pattern zone as white zone. Coastal States must guarantee sustainable maintenance of transboundary fish stocks through the regional cooperation for a proper conservation & management because one coastal State alone could not guarantee conservation and management of fish stocks. Thus there is a need to build multilateral fisheries cooperation between Korea, China and Japan in North East Asia. There are many successful instances including the Barents' sea for a proper conservation & management of transboundary fish stocks. The Barents' sea is one of the best research object to study the regional cooperation for a conservation & management of transboundary fish stocks in North East Asia. In conclusion, it is necessary to build a multilateral fisheries cooperation system between Korea, China and Japan in North East Asia to conserve and manage transboundary fish stocks effectively. It seems desirable that the range of the area to conserve and manage fish stocks should may be any partial area in the current-fishing-pattern zone and interim measures zone between Korea and China, Jeju middle zone between Korea and Japan, interim measures zone of bilateral fisheries agreements between China and Japan.