• 무역상무연구
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• 제44권
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• pp.3-29
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• 2009

The PECL have been drawn up by an independent body of experts from each member state of the european union under a project supported by the european commission and many other organizations. Salient features of the general provisions of the PECL, freedom of contract and pecta sunk servanda, good faith and fair dealing, most of the PECL are non-mandatory. The CISG uses the term fundamental breach in various setting. The concept of fundamental breach is a milestone in its remedial provisions. Its most important role is that it constitutes the usual precondition for the contract to be avoided(Art. 49., Art. 51., Art. 64., Art. 72., Art. 73). In addition, where the goods do not conform with the contract, a fundamental breach can give rise to a requirement to deliver substitute goods. Furthermore, a fundamental breach of contract by the seller leaves the buyer with all of his remedies intact, despite the risk having passed to him(Art. 70). Basically, PECL, PICC generally follows CISG, it was similar to all the regulation's platform though the terms and content sometimes differ. For example regarding to the non-performance and remedies, in the case of non-performance, that is the PECL/PICC term analogous to breach of contract as used in the CISG. Furthermore the PECL/PICC used fundamental non-performance refered to in PECL Art. 8:103 ; PICC Art. 7.1.1. correspond generally to the concept of fundamental breach referred to in CISG Art. 25. The main significance of the fundamental non-performance, in any systems, is to empower the aggrieved party to terminate the contract. The need for uniformity and harmony in international commercial contracts can be expected to lead to growth of international commerce subject to the CISG, PICC, and PECL. It is hoped that the present editorial remarks will provide guidance to improve understanding between the contractual party of different countries in this respect and following key-words.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2012

최근 소프트웨어 산업분야가 높은 부가가치를 창출할 수 있는 분야임을 인식하면서, 회사의 규모를 막론하고 대부분의 소프트웨어 개발 조직에서 전문 인력을 확보에 고민하고 있다. 그러나 조직의 장기적인 비즈니스를 고려하지 않는 소프트웨어 개발 인력의 채용은 추후 또 다시 인력의 부족현상을 초래할 것이며, 채용 인력에 대한 장기적인 인력 관리에 대한 전략적 설계가 없다면 많은 소프트웨어 개발 인력을 확보하고도 높은 성과를 달성하기 어려울 것이다. 본 논문에서는 조직에서의 소프트웨어 개발 역량을 강화하기 위하여 소프트웨어 직무를 세부적으로 도출하고, 직무별 프로파일을 정의하기 위한 방안을 제시한다. 또한 제시된 프로파일을 근간으로 직원의 Career Path를 어떻게 관리할 것인가에 대하여 제시한다. 제시하는 직무 프로파일 기반 인력관리는 조직에서 적정 규모의 효율적 인력 운영과 비즈니스 성과 달성을 가능하게 하는 기반이 될 것으로 판다한다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2014

Objectives: The current study reviews the implementation and evaluation of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) in the United States (U.S.) to illustrate the program's potential contribution to improving health among Korean adults with chronic conditions while saving healthcare costs. Methods: This study examines existing literature on the history, theoretical background, essential elements, and delivery outcomes of CDSMP with special focus on the successes and challenges to be faced in the implementation of CDSMP to Koreans with chronic conditions. Results: CDSMP is designed to empower people with chronic conditions to develop skills necessary for medical, social role, and emotional management of chronic conditions. Recent studies show the utility of CDSMP in achieving the Triple Aim health reform goals (i.e., better care, better health, better value). Lessons learned from the U.S. experience emphasize the importance of establishing evidence-based studies, collaborating with community partners, and diversifying funding sources to make CDSMP more sustainable. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates the replicability of CDSMP and potential for expansion in Korea. More concerted efforts among academia, government, and communities are needed to deliver CDSMP to Korean adults and identify its effectiveness within the Korean context in terms of meeting the Triple Aim goals of better care, better health, and better value.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.439-448
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• 2015

사물인터넷은 모든 고유 식별 가능한 임베디드 컴퓨팅 장치가 기존의 인터넷 환경에 연결된 초연결 사회를 지향한다. 따라서 사물인터넷 서비스는 단순한 사물간의 통신(M2M)을 넘어 많은 프로토콜들, 도메인들, 애플리케이션들 위에서 유연한 통신 능력을 가지고 사용자에게 권한을 부여할 수 있어야한다. 또한, 사물인터넷의 접근제어는 보안과 신뢰성을 증가하기 위하여 전통적인 접근제어와 차별화된 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 사물인터넷 환경에서 안전한 접근제어를 위하여 capability 토큰 기반의 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 제안한 시스템에서 capability 토큰은 인가권한을 의미하며, 토큰은 위임, 재위임, 폐기 가능하다. 제안된 시스템은 capability 토큰을 사용함으로써 접근 제어 처리 시간을 감소할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제12C권7호
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• pp.1015-1024
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• 2005

권한의 위임은 그리드 컴퓨팅과 같은 대규모의 분산 환경에서 사용자가 원하는 작업을 처리하기 위해 해당 노드에 권한을 부여하는 중요한 과정 중의 하나이다. 하지만, 기존의 권한 위임 기법들은 작업에 대한 적절한 권한을 부여하지 못하거나, 위임의 범위를 세분화하지 못하고, 작업의 처리 과정에 대한 위임이 아닌 자원 자체에 대한 접근 권한의 위임만이 존재한다. 또한 시스템 자원의 예약이나 실행 전 ·후의 호스트 접근 등 작업의 실행 전 후의 위임이 필요한 과정에 대하여 적절한 위임을 적용하지 못한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 분산 환경에서의 제약적인 위임을 위한 방법 및 명세를 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 위임을 작업 측면과 권한 측면으로 분리하고, 위임의 명세 및 절차를 XM L스키마와 UML을 이용하여 표현하며, 분산 컴퓨팅 환경에서의 제한적인 위임 시나리오를 제시한다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.161-166
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• 2009

Resident and user participation has been emerging as a hot topic and has been predicted to be popular and general in urban planning and regeneration, specially in housing regeneration in future. Also the number of the resident who are willing to participate in planning and regeneration process is expected to increase drastically as democratic and diverse society get matured. To enable a wide range of residents in planning process within a very limited time, effective and efficient communication tools need to be prepared. The purpose of study is to develop a set of tools for facilitating residents to participate actively in the process of exploring, consulting and decision making process in the street and regeneration. A realistic and feasible testbed site was decided. Developed tools were first, educational contents to empower resident capability to select a better design, second, three dimensional scaled model of existing site, third, floorplan and elevation of design alternative, forth, computer simulation images of both 3D & sketch-up for comparing wall heights and their effect. fifth, Two workshops among professionals and one workshop with residents were carried. Through the workshop, guidelines of developing communication tool for facilitating resident participation was developed. Its usage was summarized in both in further analog and digital tool.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of pain cognition, performance status, and hope with health-related quality of life. Methods: Patients(n=149) with various cancer diagnoses completed the SF-36 standard Korean Version and the Herth Hope Index. The Perceived Meanings of Cancer Pain Inventory was used to measure the cognition dimension of pain, whereas the Brief Pain Inventory Korean version was used to represent the sensory dimension of pain. Results: The patients in the pain group had significant differences in the three dimensions(loss, threat, spiritual awareness) of pain cognition. There were statistically significant negative correlations between the three dimensions(loss, threat, and spiritual awareness) of pain cognitions and SF-36 dimension, and the positive correlations between challenge dimension and SF-36 dimension. Hope had the positive correlation with SF-36 dimensions. Conclusion: Pain has a negative impact on health-related quality of life, especially on physical health. However, patients who ascribed more positive meaning to their pain, tended to have a higher quality of life. Therefore, nursing intervention to reinforce the positive aspects of pain cognition is to empower patients to create a sense of control and assume an active role in pain management and quality of life.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the leadership style and development of agricultural organization in Korea. Specific objectives of the study were to : 1) identify the leadership style of agricultural organization though literature review, 2) survey the members' opinions about their leadership style, 3) examine the leader's self-estimation of their leadership style, 4) identify the desirable leadership style items of the leaders and members, 5) suggest effective way to the development of leadership style. The study was carried out through literature review and questionnaire survey. Total of 715 farmers were surveyed to collect data, and 501 responded. The statistical techniques applied on the data are frequency, percentile, analysis of variance, multiple regression utilizing the SPSS/WIN, and the statistical significance was tested at .05 level. The major findings of the study were: 1) the leaders motivation and problem solving abilities of agricultural organizations were not enough to satisfy the members, 2) members believed the leaders make somewhat arbitrary decisions, 3) the leaders of the organizations had difficulties to coordinate the different opinions of the members, and 4) the leaders of the organizations felt the need of skills and information on leadership style and development of agricultural organization. For improvement of leadership for agricultural organization, this study suggests; 1) the more education programs should be made and practiced to make their leadership special, 2) all members should make much efforts to have channels for rational communication, 3) the leaders have to give members well-polished incentives for active participation, 4) more governmental support should be given to empower those organizations, and 5) the agricultural organizations, universities and government must establish a strong coordinating system to realize above suggestions.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.217-230
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• 2000

For the longest time, our government has played an inconsiderable role in the public health services of Korea, especially as it relates to their investment. Voices have cried out against increases in national health expenditure and for more establishment of public medical facilities. In light of this, the necessity and importance of public medical facilities have come into focus amidst the recent medical crisis. When public medical facilities filled in the gap created by the suspension or closure of private hospitals and clinics as a result of this national crisis and acted as a safety net, the demand for more establishment of such facilities increased. Although patient diagnosis and treatment are the first priority of public medical facilities, they must also deal with scopes that private medical facilities do not deal with, dislike, or have difficulty with. In this respect, the closure or privatization of public hospitals to reduce their number just because of their low profits or financial burdens that must be carried by the government is to ignore their innate importance and social role; therefore, we must do all we can to block such efforts and further empower these public health facilities according to demands of the time. The improvement of public health services can be realized by redefining its goals and roles, increasing government funding, strengthening of existing public health facilities and reorganizing the public health services system. Even if public health facilities were to increase their medical services and be reinforced, they cannot take on all the services related to public health services, Therefore, in a country like ours where public health services come second to private health services in the health care system, the health of citizens can be safeguarded only when private and public facilities cooperate and private medical facilities share the social responsibilities. Only the show of interest and effort by government, politicians, health professionals, professional organizations and public can initiate the improvement that is sought.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.390-405
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• 2000

PBL is a process and an effective educational tool that empower the student to be an active participant and emphasize a clinical context for learning, developing skills in working with a group, and encouraging self-directed study. The purpose of this study was to develop the PBL module based on lung cancer case, and to evaluate after implementation. The data on lung cancer patients at C university hospital in K city were collected from interviews and nursing records in June, 1999. A PBL module was developed including situation scenarios, timetable and tutor guide. PBL course was conducted at C university for short term period (3 days) in August, 2000. Fourteen nursing students at C college were participated in this study and they were divided into two small groups. I explained them about the PBL course through a preparatory meeting. At a stage of implementation, two groups went through the same process consisting of seven steps with group meetings and self-directed study. Their performances of identifying, stating problems and presenting referred resources were evaluated and supervised by researcher. The PBL course was evaluated by them with questionnaire and essay. Most students responded positively about PBL course and preferred the tutors in a supportive attitude. However, 3 days for PBL course seemed not enough for maximal educational benefits, and many possible problems were discussed. It is necessary for nursing educators to accumulate lots of knowledge and skills regarding creating good working problems and implementing and evaluating diverse PBL tutorials to test the feasibility changing to PBL curriculum.