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The Trend of Textile Design in the 1980s and Its Meaning in Historical Perspective (1980년대의 직물디자인 경향 및 그 사적 의미)

  • Park, Nam-Sung
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.211-222
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    • 2004
  • During the 1980s, Textile design achieved a remarkable growth in creating aesthetic effect and in establishing its standing by responding to demands of the time effectively and seeking changes proactively. This was a period when Textile design constructed its modern concept as it was attempting a qualitative improvement through advanced technology, high class, and differentiation. The advent of advanced materials through the development of textile engineering, employment of craft techniques to further cultural and artistic orientation, and restoration of decorativeness in pursuit of sensitivity, all these developments of the 1980s contributed to the rise of above characteristics. In this study, attempts are made to grasp the new trend of Textile design during the 1980s and to review diverse methods of aesthetic creation and plastic possibility which this trend presented for the Textile, and thus to recognize the role of Textile design and its importance in a new light. The new trend of Textile design during the 1980s can be summarized as follows: 1) An appreciation of the creative aspect of the Textile. As attempts are made to emphasize visual and sensitive aspects of the medium, Textile tended to become an object of art itself. 2) A new awareness of the representative and plastic capacity of the fiber material. As attempts are made to develope the creative potential of the Textile, representation of the material tended to become more diversified. 3) A recognition of the Textile as a proper means to deliver the spirit of the time. As the medium accommodates and fuses diverse cultures including traditional culture, more emphasis was place on cultural contents of the Textile. In the process of pursuing these changes, Textile design of the 1980s has also contributed to the creation of new values, laying the groundwork for its emergence as an advanced high value-added industry.

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The Second Demographic Transition in Industrialized Countries (산업국가에서의 제2차 인구변천)

  • Chung, Sung-Ho
    • Korea journal of population studies
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.139-164
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    • 2009
  • The first demographic transition refers to the historical decline in mortality and fertility, as shown from the 18th Century in several European populations, and continuing present in most developing countries. The end point of the first demographic transition(FDT) was supposed to be a stationary and stable population corresponding with replacement fertility and zero population growth. In addition, households in all parts of the world would converge toward the nuclear and conjugal types, composed of married couples and their offspring. The second demographic transition(SDT), on the other hand, sees no such equilibrium as the end-point. Rather, new developments bring sub-replacement fertility, a multitude of living arrangements other than marriage, and the disconnection between marriage and procreation. Populations would face declining sizes if not complemented by new migrants. Over the last decades birth rates have been on the decline in all countries of the world, and it is estimated that already more than half of he world's population has below replacement level fertility. Measured in terms of the Total Fertility Rate (TFR), currently 34 countries have fertility levels of 1.5 or less. Similarly, Korea has been below lowest-low fertility for eight consecutive years since 2001 and below the replacement level for more than twenty years. In explaining the low fertility in Korea, some researchers explain the low fertility as revenge against a male-dominated society and institution, while others focus the impact of the employment instability. These studies share the basic ideas (spread of individualism, delayed marriage and childbearing, high divorce rate etc.) of a second demographic transition in order to explain the low fertility in Korea.

The Effects of Technological Progress on Growth, Employment and Distribution (성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배에 대한 기술진보의 파급효과)

  • Im, Yang-Taek
    • Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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    • 2005.02a
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    • pp.220-267
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구의 분석목표는 순요소증가형 CES 생산함수를 실증적으로 추정함으로써 한국 제조업부문의 기술변화의 유형을 규명하고 성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배에 대한 기술진보의 파급효과를 분석하는 것이다. 이 분석결과를 토대로 하여, 본 연구는 성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배를 동시적으로 추구할 수 있는 정책방향을 기술경제 패러다임의 시각에서 제시하였다. 본 연구의 실증적 분석결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다 : 한국 제조업부문의 기술변화의 유형은 Hicks형 비(非)중립적인 자본사용적(B(t)>0) 즉 노동절약적 기술진보인 것으로 추정되었다. 이 결과, 잠재적 고용수준은 감소될 수밖에 없었다. 또한, Hicks형 중립적 기술진보를 나타내는 총요소생산성 증가율(${\gamma}$)은 감소하였던 반면에, 비(非)중립적 기술진보를 나타내는 요소간 대체탄력도(${\sigma}$)와 자본집약도(${\delta}$)는 증가하였다. 이에 따라 노동(L)이 자본(K)으로 광범위하게 대체되었을 뿐만 아니라, 자본투입(K)이 노동투입(L)보다 상대적으로 더 빠르게 증가 (K/K > L/L 즉 k/k > 0)되었다. 이 결과, 소득분배구조가 악화 (S/S< 0)된 것으로 추정되었다. 그러므로, 오늘날 경제성장의 한계 봉착, 대량실업의 폭발, 계층간 갈등의 심화를 초래한 요인은, 성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배를 동시적으로 추구하는 산업 ${\cdot}$ 기술경제정책을 일관성있게, 또한 과감히 추진하지 않았던 결과, 노동사용적 중소기업의 몰락, 노동의 생산효율성 증진을 위한 인적자본 투자의 미흡, 자본의 생산효율성 증진을 위한 자본절약적 기술진보의 저조, 총요소 생산성 증가의 부진, 만성적인 인플레이션에 의한 실질 임금수준의 하락 및 실물 자산가치의 상승 등이라고 말할 수 있다. 따라서 성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배의 조화는 바로 노동효율 증가형 기순혁신이며, 이를 위한 인적자본에의 투자라고 말할 수 있다. 본 연구가 기술경제 패러다임(techno-economic paradigm)의 시각에서 제시하는 한국경제의 성장 ${\cdot}$ 고용 ${\cdot}$ 분배를 위한 정책방향은 다음과 같은 동태적발전과정으로 요약할 수 있다 : 기초과학연구능력 확충 ${\rightarrow}$ 소화 ${\cdot}$ 흡수 ${\cdot}$ 개량 ${\rightarrow}$ 토착화 능력의 배양 ${\rightarrow}$ 자체기술개발, 선진기술 도입, 산업간 및 산업내 기술확산, 국제기술협력 ${\rightarrow}$ 기술혁신의 촉진 ${\rightarrow}$ 총요소생산성과 기업경쟁력(자원 및 역량, 프로세스 경쟁력, 품질경쟁력, 시장경쟁력, 고객성과, 시장성과, 재무성과)의 제고 ${\rightarrow}$ 가격경쟁력(임금, 금리, 물류비용, 환율 등)과 비(非)가격경쟁력(디자인, 에프터서비스, 품질, 운송 등)의 제고 ${\rightarrow}$ 국가경쟁력의 제고 ${\rightarrow}$ 국제수지 흑자 ${\rightarrow}$ 성장 ${\rightarrow}$ 물가 및 고용 안정 ${\rightarrow}$ 분배 ${\rightarrow}$ 최대다수의 최대행복이다.

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Exploring Business Opportunities for Building Social Overhad Infrastructure by Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (지속가능발전목표를 이행하는 사회기반시설 사업기회에 대한 탐색적 연구 - 3D 프린팅 프로젝트 사례 조사를 기반으로 -)

  • Lee, Yoonsun;Lee, Taisik
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.72-81
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    • 2020
  • Sustainable development goals (SDGs) are designed to promote human and social development and address challenges related to sustainable economic development, in addition to creating quality employment. SDGs create new market and business opportunities that enable companies to effect business changes through innovative solutions. To tackle structural problems and create infrastructure for future societies, a national-level digital transformation strategy is being developed in Korea. The Korean government announced an investment plan for living social overhead capital (SOC) to address various social and structural problems caused by low economic growth. This study emphasizes the importance of building SOCs in accordance with the requirements of future societies. This study primarily aims to suggest business opportunities created by achieving SDGs, by analyzing business cases involving 3D printing-based construction. Implementing living SOCs through ingenious thinking will not only create new businesses and jobs through digital transformation, but also improve the economic and social value by encouraging community members to be proud of their future society.

A Study on Labor Market Precariousness of the Working High School Graduate Youths (고졸 청년 노동자의 노동시장 불안정 연구)

  • Nahm, Jae wook;Kim, Young min;Han, Ki myung
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.221-262
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    • 2018
  • This study aims to explore life experiences associated with poverty and discrimination in processes of growth, career exploration, entry into the labor market, and career accumulation of the working high school graduate youths. With this exploration, we also intent to grasp their difficulties and needs, thus look for policy tasks for them. The analysis is based on qualitative case study. The results are following. Typical working high school graduate youths choose not to go on to university under the influence of unfavorable economic situation of the original families. They enter the labor market without enough career exploration and try to continue working mainly in low-income and unskilled jobs. They usually work long hours to increase incomes, thus, do not have enough time to invest on their own human resources. They locate in a vicious circle of income poverty, time poverty, and skill poverty, but rarely protected by existing employment and income support programs. It is necessary to improve or introduces policy packages including labor market transition support for the high school graduate, education, training, and career exploration support, income support for the working poor, social network support, and support for reducing the dead zone of social insurances.

An Analysis of the Regional Economic Impact of Korea Shipbuilding Industry by Use of the Regional Input-Output Model: Case in Jeonnam, Korea (지역산업연관분석을 통한 한국 조선산업의 경제적 파급효과 분석: 전남지역을 중심으로)

  • Chai, Jong-Hun
    • International Area Studies Review
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.33-53
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    • 2010
  • This study has analysed riffle effect of shipbuilding business on regional economy in Jeonnam. For the analysis on connection to regional business, the most favored way to estimate economic effect of a certain industry in the nation and overseas, has been adopted. As a result of analysis, in case of 1,908,800 million won turnover in shipbuilding in Jeonnam, it would induce about 3,038,624 million won of production, about 940,656 million won of added value, about 13,361 employment and about 702,056 million won of income. Seeing production riffle effects of shipbuilding industry in Jeonnam on other businesses in the same area, it is found out to influence in order of on the primary industry metal products 458,784 million won, chemical products 128,250 million won, metal products 71,498 million won and on petrol and coal products 50,829 million won. Like this, shipbuilding industry is highly connected with metal and chemical industries, which make a cluster in eastern area of Jeonnam, suggesting that growth of shipbuilding industry in Jeonnam would maximize inter-industrial synergy effect in the region.

The character of the archives and records management 'reform' from the third quarter of 2004 in korea (한국 국가기록 관리 체제 '혁신'의 성격 - 기록관리법 개정안 분석을 중심으로 -)

  • Kwak, Kun-Hong
    • The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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    • no.13
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    • pp.3-40
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    • 2006
  • The archives and records management 'reform' has spreaded out through the third quarter of 2004. There are many evidences such as the change of the Office of the President's management on the record production, 'the reforming road map for the final draft on the archives and records management.' This method spreads into the Cabinets. So it is improved these rosy conditions was upgraded by the laws and regulations. We also hope that the conditions of the records management to be a higher level than before. However the actual conditions of the records management are not good comparing with the law and regulations. I think this unbalance is a serious problem. The reason of the 'failed history' during past time was caused not by the laws itself but by the indifference and negligence on the laws. The academic field and NGO have continuously required some essential suggestions on that problem; political neutrality and independent of the National Archives, the employment of specialists and the improvement of their skills etc. But these requirements have not accepted yet. This revised records management law also has not applied to the road map wholly. Even though the outward growth during that time is remarkable, we need to learn some instructions by way of the 'failed history'. Therefore our urgent task is to narrow the gap between the new system and the actual conditions based on long and short term projects.

A Comparative Case Study on Urban Strategy for Flexible Smart Shrinking City (유연한 스마트 축소도시를 위한 국내·외 도시전략 비교 연구)

  • Choi, Wan-Young;Lee, Heewon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.20 no.8
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    • pp.634-641
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    • 2019
  • The world's population reached 7.7 billion in 2019. Despite this trend, not all cities are growing. Most of the growing population is driven to large cities for convenience and jobs. This phenomenon has led to a decrease in the population of small and medium-sized cities, and in certain cities, a decrease in employment as well as recession have resulted. Korea is no exception. The nation's population is concentrated in the metropolitan cities. To solve these problems, researchers started to study how to deal with the contraction of a city, i.e., a shrinking city, rather than focusing on only the growth of a city. In this paper, demographically outstanding declined domestic cities were selected as shrinking cities and their characteristics were analyzed. The concept of smart shrinking cities was then defined for the selected cities, which were chosen as a good case in overseas countries to solve the shrinking city problem. Through this process, the strategic differences were compared between domestic and oversea cases. As a result, a modified strategy for the smart shrinking city concept, FSSC (flexible smart shrinking city), is proposed as an alternative strategy that can save resources and cost.

A Study on Adopting job Guarantee System as Expanding Universal Welfare: Focusing upon the Case in Kwangju Metropolitan City (보편복지 확장을 위한 '일자리보장제'도입 방안 연구: 광주광역시 사례를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Mi-Kyong;Kim, Sin-Young
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.8 no.6
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    • pp.429-433
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    • 2022
  • We analyzed both current local policies and in-depth survey data to find out a way to provide job opportunity and income source to local young people in so-called job guarantee system. The young generation in current Korean society has been experiencing both growth without employment and severe economic inequality at the same time, though they should have taken part actively in social development. Their rights for work and survival have also been threatened and losing hope for the future is an widespread symptom in this generation. Kwangju metropolitan city(KMC) has been supporting certain amount of case income and job experience to young people in Kwangju through a local government policy called Kwangju Young Generation Job Experience Dream Service. In spite of high level of satisfaction from the participants, limitations such as below average job performance level of participants and a barrier in the transition to regular position still remain. This study hopes that a case of Kwangju gives pragmatic insights for a realizable path to expanding universal welfare through assuring job opportunity to the young generation in local area.

A Study on the Economic Impacts and the Development Strategies of the Regional Development Plan by the City of Andong in Establishing the Foundation for Cultural Eco-tourism in 3 Cultural Areas ('안동시 3대문화권 문화·생태·관광 기반조성 사업'의 지역경제 파급효과 및 발전 방안 연구)

  • Gwon, Gi-Chang;An, Geon-Mi
    • 지역과문화
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.1-23
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    • 2017
  • The regional development plan by the city of Andong in establishing the foundation for cultural eco-tourism in the cultural area of confucianism(2010-2020) consists of 2 leading projects (the World Confucian Scholar Culture Park, the Korean Culture Theme Park) and 2 strategic projects (the Confucian Scholars' Literature Park, the Sunsunghyun Culture Complex, the Traditional Bittarae Weaving Village). By inter-regional input-output analysis, their multiplier effects of output, value-added, income and employment are estimated respectively 990.2 billion won(multiplier 2.23), 318.2 billion won(multiplier 0.72), 187.7 billion won(multiplier 0.42), and 4,791 workers(multiplier 10.6 workers/billion won). The ongoing project has been, however, delayed due to various issues and has hit a ceiling towards achieving the original objectives of the familiarization, industrialization and globalization of Confucian culture. To overcome these problems, the associated plans of constructing the Korean SMART LINK LINE, of developing contents blending traditional culture and ICT, of establishing tourist complexes and infrastructure around Lake Andong, and of constructing interactive attractions of traditional culture were proposed as new growth-leading plans.