• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2010

This study explored time-use patterns of young children and compared the patterns according to mother's employment status. Using 6718 time diaries of 3359 children under age 5, as reported by their mothers, this study examined (1) the proportion of children who spent time on certain activities and the amount of time they spent on each activity for a weekday and a weekend day and (2) the proportion and the amount of time that children spent with certain adults. Compared to children with unemployed mothers, children with employed mothers spent more time during weekdays in child care centers and less time sleeping. These children also spent more time on education during weekends. The proportionate and actual times children spent with various adults also differed by the mother's employment status. Those with employed mothers spent less time with their mothers and more time with other relatives or teachers on weekdays. These results indicate that maternal employment corresponds with differing timeuse patterns from children's early life stages.

• 아동학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2011

This study employed a child-centered approach in the examination of patterns of preschooler's learning behaviors. A hierarchical cluster analysis was employed in order to discern a meaningful typology of such behavior. The subjects consisted of 232 children (117 boys, 106 girls) and their mothers from 6 kindergartens and 6 day care centers. The results of this study were as follows. The cluster analysis yielded five types of learning behaviors; the competent type, the average type, the low attention/persistence type, the low motivation -attitude type, and the deficient type. The most consistent level differences among these types appeared to lie in distinctions among the average Attention/Persistence scores. The composition of the cluster types, including both the age and gender of the children, was ascertained. Our results indicated that preschool learning behavior types could be seen to differentially relate to children's self-regulation, cognitive styles, problem behaviors, and the level of maternal involvement. It was revealed that a child's characteristics was more important than maternal involvement and beliefs. As there were more girls and older children in the learning type, this type was seen to be more competent.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.81-103
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• 2005

The main purpose of the research was to prove, in a practical sense, the relationship among perceived equity, role stress and life satisfaction of employed wives working in sales departments. The subjects were employed wives working in sales departments who have at least one child and a spouse, living in Seoul and the Metropolitan area. The final data analysis used 487 out of 668 questionnaires. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS/PC WIN which included frequencies, mean, percentages, Pearson's correlation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis. The findings of the study were as follows: 1) As their education level was low, the education level of their spouse was high, the communication level between couples was high, and the self-oriented perfectionism was low, their perceived emotional relationship was equal. As they were old, the communication level between couples was high, and the self-oriented perfectionism was low, their perceived position in sharing household chores was equal. On the other hand, as they were younger, the education level of their spouse was high, the reason for getting a job lay in supporting the family, and overtime hours worked, there was a higher level of role stress. 2) The influential variables which affect the life satisfaction, in order of importance, were communication level between couples, mother's role stress, age, non-financial reason of getting a job, and sharing household works. For relative contribution degree about life satisfaction, psychological variables among independent variables were revealed as the most influential ones. Thus, efficient communication between couples affected the life satisfaction to a great degree. Furthermore, the study proved that not only role stress variables but also perceived equity variables contributed to the life satisfaction.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.446-455
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• 2018

본 연구는 인천의 아동 돌봄 실태를 살펴보고, 아동의 모(母)가 가지고 있는 정책적 욕구를 현재의 보육 환경 속에서 해석해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 아동의 모(母)를 취업모와 미취업모로 구분하고, 각 집단에 따른 아동 돌봄 시간과, 만족도 그리고 정책 욕구를 살펴보았다. 연구 수행을 위해 5세 이하의 자녀를 돌보고 있는 인천시 거주 여성(292명)을 분석 대상으로 삼았다. 분석 결과, 미취업모가 취업모보다 아동 돌봄 시간이 더 긴 것으로 나타났고, 만족도는 신체적 돌봄에서만 미취업모가 취업모보다 유의미하게 높은 수준을 나타냈다. 정책 욕구는 각 집단이 처한 상황을 반영하는 결과를 보였다. 정책 욕구 중 보육시설 비용에 대한 지원 욕구는 두 집단 모두에서 높은 수준으로 나타났는데, 이는 아동 연령 증가에 따른 보육시설 이용 가능성의 증가와 인천시의 부모 부담 보육료 수준이 높음에 따라 나타난 결과로 생각된다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 정책적 함의를 제시하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.74-104
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• 1986

This study aims at investigating the correlation between such variables as a child's family circumstance and personality and that of the child's mathematical ability. For the objects of the study five hundreds and sixteen students (male 273, female 243) were andomly selected from the fifth grade primary school students in the city of Seoul. For the tool of measure the investigation of Korean family circumstances with particular characteristics, the personality test by Chong Pom Mo and Kim Ho Kwon, and the intelligence test by Lee Sang Ro, Chin Whal Kyo and Pyon Chang Jin were employed. For the statistical analysis S. A. S. C., the statistical analysis package of KAIST was employed. The resutis of the test can be summarized as follows. The correlation between the variable of family Circumstance and that of mathematical alility 1) In case of the significance level 0.05 the education of the childs mother and the order of the child's birth have much to do with the perception speed. In case of the significance level 0.1 it makes some difference in the child's perception spead whether the clild's mother has a job or not. 2) In case of the significance level 0.05 the education of the child's father and mother, the father's job and the type of habitation have influence on the child's perception of space. 3) In case of the significance level 0.05 the education of the child's father and mother, the father's job, the order of the child's birth, the type of habitation, their religion, and their cultural, and economic standard have influence on the child's ability of inference. 4) In case of the significance level 0.05 the education of the child's father and mother, the father's job, the type of habitation, their religion and their cultural and economic standard have influence on the child's ability of calculation. 5) In case of the significance level 0.05 any variable of the child's family circumstance has nothing to do with the child's memory. In case of the significance level 0, 1 the type of family and the type of habitation have effect on the child's memory. 6) In case of the significance level 0.05 the education of the child's parents, the jobs of the parents, the type of habtation, their religion, and their cultural and economic standard have influence on the child's linguistic notion. The correlation between the variable of the child's personality and that of the child's mathematical ability 1) In regard to the priority of the variables influencing the child's perception speed, the child's discretion comes first in order, and then sociability and impulsiveness of the child. 2) The child's discretion has effect on the child's space perception. 3) The child's discretion has effect on the child's ability of inference. 4) In regard to the child's ability of calculation the child's discretion comes first in order, and then impulsiveness and sociability of the child. 5) The child's discretion has effect on memory. 6) The child's discretion has effect on the child's linguistic notion.

• 한국인구학
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.147-164
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• 2008

이 연구의 목적은 취업여부에 따른 기혼여성의 둘째자녀 출산의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하는 것이다. 경제학적 관점과 문화가치관 접근을 중심으로 가구소득, 교육수준, 자녀양육비, 가사노동조력, 정책 인지 및 욕구, 정서적 도구적 자녀가치관과 첫 자녀 성별 변수의 영향을 살펴보았다. 한국보건사회연구원에서 수행한 '2005년도 전국 결혼 및 출산동향조사'자료에서 한 자녀만 있는 기혼여성 690명을 추출하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 취업여성의 경우 남편의 가사노동시간이 증가할수록, 친정어머니가 생존할 경우, 사회적 지원 욕구도가 높을수록, 정서적 자녀가치관이 높을수록 출산의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 비취업여성의 경우 자녀 양육비가 낮을수록, 정서적 자녀가치관이 높을수록, 첫 자녀가 딸인 경우 출산의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 취업여성과 비취업여성의 출산의도에 미치는 요인들이 같지 않다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 출산율 제고를 위해서는 취업여성과 비취업여성의 욕구와 현실에 맞는 정책을 마련하는 것이 필요함을 알 수 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2011

This study explored the effects of parenting efficacy and parental role satisfaction on the life-satisfaction of employed and unemployed mothers. The 527 mothers(234 employed, and 277 unemployed), with a child under 7 years old, were selected for this study. The results were as follows. First, employment had significant correlations with several factors, including the number of children, family income, educational level of parents, parent-child relations, preparedness for parental role conflict, and life-satisfaction. Second, for employed mothers, life-satisfaction had positive relationships with various factors, including family income, fathers' educational level, parenting efficacy, and parental role satisfaction; whereas, that of unemployed mothers had positive relationships with parenting efficacy, and parental role satisfaction. Third, for employed mothers, life-satisfaction was affected by several factors, such as family income, parental role satisfaction, parent-child relations, and preparedness for parental role conflict; however, unemployed mothers were affected by the number of children, the fathers' educational level, and self-confidence relating to the parental role, general satisfaction, and preparedness for parental role conflict.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.281-292
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• 2014

This study was designed to examine the influence of gratitude enhancement program on preschoolers' aggression perceived by their teacher and mother. The subjects in this study were 40 four-year-old children in kindergarten in U city. This study employed a pre/post-test control group design, and so all subjects were assigned to an experimental group(gratitude enhancement program) or comparative group(general education program according to the year curriculum). Preschoolers' aggression was measured by the teacher and mother of the subjects and the collected data were analyzed by independent and paired t-test. This study also computed Cohen's d to estimate effect size of gratitude enhancement program on preschoolers' aggression. The findings of this study were as follows. Firstly, gratitude enhancement program and general education program were all effective in reducing preschoolers' aggression(aggression against things, verbal aggression and total aggression) perceived by their teacher except of aggression against others. But gratitude enhancement program was more effective than general education program in reducing these sort of aggression. Meanwhile, only gratitude enhancement program was effective in reducing preschoolers' aggression against others. Secondly, gratitude enhancement program was effective in reducing preschoolers' aggression(aggression against things, aggression against others, verbal aggression and total aggression).

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.189-202
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perceived parents-adolescent communication style on adoescent’s self-efficacy. The subjexts of this study were 625 students selected at random from first and second grade of high school in Daegu. A questionnaire was used as survey method. Factor analysis, MANOVA and cluster analysis for data analysis and Scheffe test for post-hoc analysis were employed. The man findings were as follows: Firs, there were significant differences in the degree of adolescent’s self-efficacy according to perceive father-adolescent communication style. In case that adolescents perceived their father’s communication style as reasonable, the degree of self-control, self-confidence and attribution were higher than those of other cases such as non-interferential or impulsive communication style. The adolescents who perceived the father’s communication style as reasonable showed higher preference of difficult task than those who perceived it as non-interferential style. The adolescents who perceived father’s communication style as reasonable and non-interferential showed higher attribution than those who perceived it as impulsive style. Second, there were significant differences in the degree of adolescent’s self-efficacy according to perceived mother-adolescent communication style. In case that adolescents perceived their mother’s communication style as reasonable, the degree of self-control was higher than that of other cases such as non-interferential and impulsive communication style. The adolescents who perceived their mother’s communication style as reasonable showed higher self-confidence than those who perceived as impulsive style.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.285-305
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of dual-earner families in Seoul. The specific aims of this study were to examine the dynamics of marital relationship, parent-child relationship and old mother-daughter/daughter in law relationship in the same family. The sample consised of 265 dual-earner families was selected based on wives' jobs, primarily non-professional. The information was gathered from working couples and their school-aged children. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. Sex role attitude of husbands was more traditional than their wives. Therefore, housework sharing of husbands was very low and wives' perception of inequity was high. Wives' marital satisfaction was affected by the wives' perception of inequity, joint leisure activity, sexual satisfaction, and wives' job satisfaction. Husbands' marital satisfaction was affected by sexual satisfaction, perceived difficulties and problems of the husbands caused by wives' employment, and the degree of their housework participation. 2. The emotional uneasiness of children during mothers' absence was reported. The communication about mothers' job was helpful to gain children's understanding toward mothers' job. Mothers suffered from guilty feeling of neglecting their children in spite of their good performance of mothering role. 3. The employed daughters/daughters in law perceived high rewards and low cost in relationships with their mothers/mothers in law. The perceived quality of daughter-mother relationship was higher with low cost and high rewards than that of daughter in law/mother in law. Finally practical and policy implications were suggested.