• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.5
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• pp.141-152
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• 1981

Various ceremonial flags were of great importance to the rulers who wished to have the absolute authorities for governing the people. Perhaps nothing indicated the ideas, thoughts and symbols of a certain period and people than the ceremonial flags. The ceremonial flags used in the old China and Korea took the shapes of the heaven and the earth, representing the social backgrounds and thoughts. This study was limited only to the discussion of the heaven-shaped patterns of the ceremonial flags. The 28 constellations of the heaven, in the Oriental way of thinking, were considered to express the immortal powers of Providence and the political domination of the earth. Hence the Polaris, the center of the heaven, symbolized the whole family of king, prince, child born of a concubine and royal harem. Among the constellation pictures were those of Han period, wall painting of old tombs in Koguryeo kingdom and old Japanese kingdom. Referring to the Emperor's ceremonial flags in Daemyeongjibyei, symbolic meanings changed historically and the complete systems of the ceremonial flags were established in Song period when the divine person was drawn on the flags. Animals concerned properly with the particular star and the shapes of the star were both drawn on the flags in Won period and only the shapes of the particular star in Myeong period. In the Imperial enthronement of Kojong the ceremonial flags might be made by the examples of those of Myeong period and remains are now found at Changdeok Palace, which need a further study because the references in detail are not available.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.43
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• pp.97-108
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• 1999

This paper is a study on the expression of Clothing and Textiles recorded in $\boxDr$Eigamonokatary$\boxUl$ focus on Color and Dying. $\boxDr$Eigamonokatary$\boxUl$is a novel described the life style of Royal Court from 883 till 1107. The discoveries of this paper were as follows. 1. The materials of colors and dyeing which are described in this book reflect the features of the age well. We can assume that the point of its chic might rest on colors and dyeing than design or pattern. 2. Sine they enjoyed wearing lots of clothes which are in the same design but in different colors with the underwear. When color coordinate was fashioned we call them "Kasanenoirome". This type of dressing was in vogue in the age of Heian when there were several devices of showing chic in dressing. 3. The color of clothes at that time might represent one's official position the black the highest class following the purple the red and the blue or green. The black color was made from the purple or blue. The Japanese Emperor would wear reddish yellow or blue clothes according to the nature of his office work. 4. Some of Japanese fashion might be influenced by Korean styles in the respects of coordinating colors and adjusting Buddhist fashion etc. It is required that the turther studies of comparing Korean fashion styles with Japanese ones should be deepened. deepened.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2020

This study focuses on the architectural changes of stele pavilion at the royal tombs of Joseon Dynasty. Throughout the survey on overall forty two stele pavilions, they were classified into basic type, expanded type, and 4-side corridor type. Basic type was usually used for general small stela, while expanded type was for extraordinarily large ones. 4-side corridor type, however, turned out to be used for both small and large stela and has appeared only during King Gojong period(高宗年間, 1863-1907). When it was first applied at Geonwolleung(健元陵) in 1870s, the purpose of 4-side corridor type seemed to stabilize the enlarged structure due to the size of the larger stele. Later, 4-side corridor type was repeated for small stela at Hongneung(洪陵) and Yureung(裕陵) in 1898 and 1904 respectively, to express higher dignity of Daehan Empire(大韓帝國). This type of plan continued to other pavilions in the center of Seoul such as Kinyeombijeon(紀念碑殿) and Seokgojeon(石鼓殿) that were built in 1903 with sophisticated proportion and multiple brackets. This architectural change implies that stele pavilion itself has become more significant than stele inside.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.16-72
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• 2011

Precious Mirror of Korean Medicine constitutes the basis of Korean orthodox medicine. In Korea it is regarded as the most influential medical work in existence and therefore been accorded first place among the medical works. Many books and reference works referred to Six Viscera and Five Bowels were quoted in Precious Mirror of Korean Medicine. This dissertation is to study quoted passages and reference books related to Six Bowels and Five Viscera in Precious Mirror of Korean Medicine. Based upon the medical works-Introduction to Medicine, Elementary Questions and Spiritual Pivot of Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, Difficult Classic, Compendium of Medicine, A-B Classic of acupuncture and Moxibustion Pulse Classic, Synopsis of Golden Chamber, Key to Therapeutics of Children's Diseases, A Complete Work of Ancient and Modern Medicine, and etc.-- all but few references the quotations are clearly traced to their origin. It is hoped that this preliminary study will serve as a starting point for further work on the text, with more specific attention to the method of quotations and its many linguistic problems.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.15
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• pp.463-499
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• 2008

This paper aims at investigating the characterization and author's consciousness of Okhwangibong written in about 18th century in Korea. Okhwangibong deals with the historical event in the Later Han of ancient China, that is to say the Empress Gwak's banishment and the royal harem Eum's accession to the queen consort. The author of this work created the focal characters freshly. Particularly Gwak is characterized as the vivid woman who desires the Emperor Kwangmu's love, reproaches his negative attitude toward her wants, and feels pains by reason of his affection to Eum. The author intended to justify Eum's accession to the queen consort through emphasizing Providence and her virtue. But the author's intention could not be realized fully. Because what is called Providence was lost persuasive power, and Gwak was characterized very affirmatively. Therefore it can be said that this work represents Gwak's trials and pains caused by Kwangmu. And the discord of the author's intent and the real meaning of the work occurred the dispute about affection and faithfulness between man and wife in following novels. Consequently the historical meaning of Okhwangibong in Korean Novel can be founded in successful characterization and occurring the dispute in following novels.

• Journal of Daesoon Thought and the Religions of East Asia
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.103-125
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• 2021

This paper deals with figurative meanings of Haewon-sangsaeng. It is an investigation which is both semantic and diachronic. In the first part, important implications of sangsaeng (or xiangsheng in Chinese) in the context of correlative cosmology are extensively explored. Among others, saeng (in Chinese sheng) as a powerful metaphor and its related Chinese compounds are broadly discussed. In the second part, the evolution of ideas of yuan (or won in Korean) in Chinese history is explicated. Above all, in the traditional Chinese cultural milieu, wrongful treatments which make victims feel themselves aggrieved are socio-politically orientated. The Scripture on Great Peace (Taiping Jing) is used as reference point to elucidate the essential points of yuan and its knots. However, the advent of Buddhism in East Asia adds a new dimension to the understanding of yuan (won). Accumulated yuan as karmic bond thus gives a new identity of yuan as predetermined animosity. Widely recognized idioms like "adverse relatives and karmic debtors" and indigenous Chinese Buddhist rituals like Repentance Ritual of the Emperor Liang bear witness to this transformation of the meaning of yuan in East Asia. The fruitful yet correlated meanings of yuan also make the endeavor of untying yuan deeply significant and important to human society. Haewon-sangsaeng, as a religio-ethical ideal, brings out an amicable and harmonious relationship among myriad beings in the cosmos.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2023

Seokgojeon(石鼓殿) is a protective pavilion that protects stone drums made in 1902 during the Korean Empire in connection with Emperor Gojong's Mangyuksun (51'st birthday) and the commemoration of the 40th anniversary of his reign. During the Japanese colonial period, Seokgojeon was dismantled and transformed into the bell pavilion of Bakmunsa Temple, which was a memorial temple for Ito Hirobumi in 1935. In November 1945, just after liberation, Bakmunsa Temple was burned down, and the Seokgojeon Hall, which was transformed into Jonggak(鐘閣), was relocated to the Changgyeongwon(昌慶苑). Outdoor Stage in 1966, and was dismantled in 1984 due to the Changgyeonggung(昌慶宮) Palace restoration project, and only the members are currently stored. Therefore, this paper intends to use it as a basic research data to examine the style of monumental buildings during the Korean Empire through literature surveys, absence surveys, and case studies of similar buildings during the same period.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.359-365
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• 2023

Ginseng was the most revered of the herbs in ancient times in China, Korea, Japan, America. Ginseng was discovered over 5000 years ago in the mountains of Manchuria, China. References to ginseng are found in books dating back more than two millennia. It is revered by the Chinese people as it is considered a herb for everything use and therefore for a wide range of diseases (currently its Latin name derived from the Greek panacea, meanings, that is, for everything). So, it was used exclusively by the Chinese Emperor's, and they were willing to pay the price without problems. Increasing its fame, ginseng brought a flourishing international trade that allowed Korea to supply China with silk and medicines in exchange for wild ginseng and later along with what grows in America.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.907-928
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• 2023

This study selects imperial clothing items for experiential learning for children aged 5 to 7, presents the pattern design process for each, and proposes a production process. We chose costume items with evident characteristics and specific uses, ensuring they did not overlap. The selection considered the need for representative imperial clothing and the diversity of children's experiences. Ultimately, we produced four costumes : emperor, empress, prince, and princess. In terms of shape, color, material, and pattern, by referring to relics and photographic materials, we developed the costume for experience to emphasize the traditional beauty of the imperial costume of the Korean Empire. Moreover, we enhanced the convenience and efficiency of the clothing for children by developing sizes and details that considered various physique conditions.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2024

Objectives : The Purpose of this study is to identify the anatomical correlates of the three Hand Yang meridians in the head (HYMH), i.e. the arteries of the head. Methods : The original text describing the HYMH in the Yellow Emperor's Inner Cannon is presented and translated into Korean. Anatomical literature related to the arteries of the head are reviewed to identify those that correspond to the HYMH. Results : Arteries corresponding to the HYMH are as follows: The Hand yangming large intestine meridian corresponds to the facial artery and the superior and inferior labial arteries. The Hand Taiyang small intestine meridian's first branch corresponds to the superficial temporal artery, the zygomatico-orbital artery, and the anterior auricular artery. The second branch corresponds to the transverse facial artery. The Hand Shaoyang triple energizer meridian's first branch corresponds to the posterior auricular artery, the superficial temporal artery, and the transverse facial artery. The second branch corresponds to the posterior auricular artery, the anterior auricular artery, and the zygomatico-orbital artery. Conclusions : The HYMH correspond as arteries, specifically branches of the external carotid artery. It is anticipated that arteries corresponding to other meridians in the head can also be identified.