• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.133-142
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in social quotient and sensory processing function between completed-toileting and incomplete-toileting children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We aims to provide a basis for the training of children with autism spectrum disorders. Methods : The subjects of this research were children with ASD, aged from 4 to 7, receiving sensory integration therapy at the H-Child Development Research Center in Busan, South Korea. After recruiting 30 parents who had children with ASD, we interviewed them and we divided their children into completed-toileting group and incomplete-toileting group based on the past researches. We assessed them using the Social Maturity Scale and Sensory Profile. Spearman correlation was used to analyze between the sensory processing score and social quotient. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the Sensory Profile scores of the two groups. Results : The social quotient was correlated with the sensory processing score in the most of component as for auditory processing, vestibular processing, touch processing, multisensory processing, orosensory processing, except for visual processing. The groups of completed-toileting and incomplete-toileting group showed statistically significant intergroup difference in sensory seeking, emotional reactive, oral-sensory sensitivity, and inattention/distractibility in the sensory factor region. No statistically significant difference from intergroup was observed in any modulation areas, nor in behavioral & emotional response domains. Conclusion : A significant intergroup difference was observed in the most of sensory processing areas, except for modulation areas and behavioral & emotional response domains. The result revealed that toileting is significantly correlated with sensory processing. Therefore, this study suggests that the sensory processing function should be considered in the toilet training of children with ASD.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1991

This study was intended to review comprehensively the articles related to temporomandibular joint disorder patients and to analyze psychoanalytically the case with temporomandibular dysfunction and bruxism as a symptom of hysterical conversion disorder. As a result, the author found that , in the aspect of psychoanalysis, the temporomandibular problem and bruxism was a kind of symptom of emotional conflict being converted to the face. I would like to emphasize that the referral process and the ability to work as a therapeutic team including dentist and psychiatrist can enhance the probability of successful treatment for several types of patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 1997

Conversion disorder is a psychologically produced alteration or loss of physical functioning suggestive of a physical disorder. Conversion symptoms are often superimposed on organic disease and can be overlooked. Psychological techniques are central to the management include the following: avoiding confrontation with the patients; avoiding reinforcement or trivializing the symptoms; reviewing results of tests and exams and creating an expectation of recovery; educating the patient before a treatment is begun; evaluating the patient's emotional adjustment and considering it at a treatment; using caution in labeling the condition; considering referral for psychotherapy; establishing particularly a treatment plan and making a definite treatment program; adjusting patient' s environment; letting participate a family at appropriate time; developing a reinforcement program for a treatment of chronic symptoms; developing a home program for outpatients. Use behavior therapy reinforcement may be helpful with more chronic or resistant symptoms, especially when there is a history of vague or excessive somatic complaints or significant secondary gain.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2013

Objectives: This case report presents a 29-years-old male patient. His chief complaint was insomnia, anxiety and chest discomfort. We diagnosed him with sleep disorder. During the therapeutic period, he experienced temporary improvement. Methods: We treated him with emotional freedom techniques(EFT), giungoren-therapy. Also, acupuncture and chuna therapy were accessorily practiced. The effects of treatment were measured by Beck depression inventory(BDI), state-trait anxiety inventory(STAI), insomnia severity index(ISI). Results: After treatment, the chief complaint have been subsided and improved. But, BDI, STAI, ISI score were not remarkably decreased. Conclusions: This result suggests that EFT and giungoren-therapy might be effective for sleep disorder patient with anxiety.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2011

Cognitive models of panic disorder have emphasized cognitive distortions' roles in the maintenance and treatment of panic disorder (PD). However, the patient's difficulty with identifying and managing emotional experiences might contribute to an enduring vulnerability to panic attacks. Numerous researchers, employing emotion processing paradigms and neuroimaging techniques, have investigated the empirical evidence for poor emotion processing in PD. For years, researchers considered that abnormal emotion processing in PD might reflect a dysfunction of the frontal-temporal-limbic circuits. Although neuropsychological studies have not provided consistent results regarding this model, a few studies have tried to find the biological basis of dysfunctional emotion processing in PD. In this article, we examine the possibility of dysregulation of emotion processing in PD. Specifically we discuss the neural basis of emotion processing and the manner in which such neurocognitive impairments may help clarify PD's core symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2004

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the emotional state and personality characteristics of patient with panic disorder. Methods: Twenty patients with panic disorder, 21 patients with somatoform disorder, and 20 normal healthy controls were studied. Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Korean standardized edition of Cattell's 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire(16-PF) were used for assessment. Statistically, One-way ANOVA with Scheffe test were used by SPSS/PC for windows. Results: 1) Total score of BDI was higher in the panic group than the somatoform group and normal control group(p<0.001). 2) Total score of state anxiety and trait anxiety in the panic group was higher than the somatoform group and normal control group(p<0.001). 3) In 16 PF, there were no definitely abnormal range of scores. But in first-stratum source traits of 16PF, the panic group was higher than the somatoform group and normal healthy group in O-factor (p<0.01) and Q4-factor(p<0.001). In second-stratum source traits of 16PF, the panic group was higher than the somatoform group in ANX-factor(p<0.05), but lower than normal control group in TOUfactor(p<0.05). 4) There were no differences in the panic subgroup according to sex and cutoff points of BDI score 16 and STAI-T score 54. 5) According to cutoff point of STAI-S score 52, the panic subgroup above 52 was higher than the panic subgroup under 52 in G-factor(p<0.001), Q3-factor(p<0.05) and SUP-factor(p<0.001), but lower in L-factor(p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that emotional state of patients with panic disorder are depressive and anxious as compared with patients with somatoform disorder and normal controls. Patients with panic disorder did not show any abnormal personality characteristics but were more guilt-prone, anxious, emotionally sensitive. We propose that the understanding of panic patients' emotional state and personality characteristics will helpful to treat and manage in patient with panic disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.12 s.202
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• pp.191-204
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine emotional and behavioral problems of children from broken families. The subjects of the study were 200(100girls, 100boys) 5th and 6th grade children from P city in Kyuug-gi area. The main results were as follows; First, children from broken families showed some behavior problems such as aggressiveness, anxiety, developmental disorder, absences from school, bad-habits and attention-seeking behaviors. The parenting behaviors of broken families were characterized as negative, rejective, and inconsistent behaviors. Second, emotional and behavioral problems of children from broken families varied as a function of child sex, care giver, reason of loss and parenting.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2001

The somatoform disorder are distinguished by physical symptoms suggesting a medical condition, yet the symptoms are not fully explained by the medical condition, by substance use, or by another mental disorder. This is that an unconscious intrapsychic conflict, wish, or need is converted to a somatic symptom and clinically express various symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting dyspepsia, diarrhea and constipation, etc. We report a case of somatoform disorder patient, who was 9 years old female and complained of nausea, vomiting and dysdipsia. She had her case diagnosed as somatoform disorder in Yong-dong severance hospital and took anti-depressant (chlomipramine) with counseling for 2 months. After treatment, her emotional instability and depression were improved, yet the somatic symptoms remain same. We diagnosed her case as vomiting induced by deficiency of the stomach(胃虛嘔吐) and administered Bihe-yin(比和飮) to her. After administration of Bihe-yin(比和飮) for one month, her somatic symptoms of nausea, vomiting and dysdipsia were almost disappeared and she got acquired her confidence in school life.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2013

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is defined as the tendency to react negatively on an emotional, cognitive, and behavioral level to uncertain situations and events. However, this definition is somewhat categorical and does not explain the phenomenology of IU. Intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS), the standard measure of IU, was considered to have two factors : 'unacceptability and avoidance of uncertainty' and 'uncertainty leading to the inability to act'. IU may be a cognitive vulnerability factor for clinical worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). A number of moderators and mediators including cognitive avoidance, experiential avoidance and rumination influence the relationship between IU, worry, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxious and depressive symptoms. IU may be more strongly related to the symptoms of GAD than to symptoms of other anxiety disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and major depressive disorder. IU may serve as an important transdiagnostic feature across anxiety and depressive disorders. Incorporating IU-specific treatment components into therapeutic protocols may result in pervasive benefits, and not only for those with GAD or OCD, but for people with any anxiety disorder or with depression.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

Mood disorder is unlikely to be a disease of a single brain region or a neurotransmitter system. Rather, it is now generally viewed as a multidimensional disorder that affects many neural pathways. Growing neuroimaging evidence suggests the anterior cingulate-pallidostriatal-thalamic-amygdala circuit as a putative cortico-limbic mood regulating circuit that may be dysfunctional in mood disorders. Brain-imaging techniques have shown increased activation of mood-generating limbic areas and decreased activation of cortical areas in major depressive disorder(MDD). Furthermore, the combination of functional abnormalities in limbic subcortical neural regions implicated in emotion processing together with functional abnormalities of prefrontal cortical neural regions probably result in the emotional lability and impaired ability to regulate emotion in bipolar disorder. Here we review the biological correlates of MDD and bipolar disorder as evidenced by neuroimaging paradigms, and interpret these data from the perspective of endophenotype. Despite possible limitations, we believe that the integration of neuroimaging research findings will significantly advance our understanding of affective neuroscience and provide novel insights into mood disorders.