• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.399-410
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate emotional images and preference of knitwear by tone on tone combination. The subjects were 357 university students in Daejeon and Chungnam province, and the measuring instruments were 6 stimuli manipulated by color and tone combination type of background and pattern in the tone and tone combination, and self-administrated questionnaires consisted of emotional images items, preference items, and subjects' demographics attributions. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, t-test, MANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, using SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, four factors (attractiveness, conspicuity, mildness, and activity) are emerged on emotional images of knitwear. Second, color had main effects on emotional images and preference. Gray color was perceived as most attractive image and more preferred than others. Third, tone combination type had some effects on emotional images. Vivid tone background/light tone pattern was perceived more attractive image but less conspicuous and mild than light tone background/vivid tone pattern. Forth, subjects' gender had an effects on conspicuous image. Male was perceived more conspicuous image on knitwear stimuli than female. Fifth, color and subjects' gender had interaction effects on attractiveness image and preference. Male perceived that blue is more attractive and preferred than female.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.149-157
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• 2021

This study aims to understand how an influencer's social and physical attractiveness, background and value homophily influences consumer's emotional attachment, which in turn causes user stickiness with regards the influencer's live commerce. We tested all proposed hypotheses among users of the online shopping platform "TaoBao". Ultimately, 297 questionnaires were collected by means of an online survey. The results revealed that social and physical attractiveness positively influence emotional attachment. Meanwhile only value homophily significantly affected emotional attachment, whereas background homophily did not significantly affect emotional attachment. Additionally, emotional attachment was found to significantly influence live commerce stickiness. We also investigated the moderation effect of perceived beauty trends of products sold on live commerce, where the results indicated that high beauty tends to have a higher effect on live commerce stickiness behavior. Lastly, theoretical and managerial implications have been offered.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.37-54
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• 2007

Variables studied in relation to children's school adjustment were child's sex, grade, and ego-resilience maternal employment, parents' age, parents' academic background, mother's emotional expressiveness, and monthly household income and perception of social support. Subjects were 548 4th, 5th and 6th grade students and their mothers. Results showed that children's school adjustment varied by child's grade in school and ego-resilience, parents' age, father's academic background, mother's emotional expressiveness and monthly household income. Children with higher ego-resilience, whose mothers showed more positive emotional expressiveness and who perceived more social support from peers, family, and teachers showed higher adjustment to school life. Among these, support of peers was the most significant variable.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.338-344
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• 2015

Background: The present study aims to investigate job stressors and stress relievers for Korean emotional laborers, specifically focusing on the effects of work conditions and emotional labor properties. Emotional laborers are asked to hide or distort their real emotions in their interaction with clients. They are exposed to high levels of stress in the emotional labor process, which leads to serious mental health risks including burnout, depression, and even suicide impulse. Exploring job stressors and relieving factors would be the first step in seeking alternatives to protect emotional laborers from those mental health risks. Methods: Using the third wave data of Korean Working Conditions Survey, logistic regression analysis was conducted for two purposes: to examine the relations of emotional labor and stress, and to find out job stressors and relievers for emotional laborers. Results: The chances of stress arousal are 3.5 times higher for emotional laborers; emotional laborers experience double risk-burden for stress arousal. In addition to general job stressors, emotional laborers need to bear burdens related to emotional labor properties. The effect of social support at the workplace is not significant for stress relief, unlike common assumptions, whereas subjective satisfaction (wage satisfaction and work-life balance) is proven to have relieving effects on emotional laborers' job stress. Conclusion: From the results, the importance of a balanced understanding of emotional labor for establishing effective policies for emotional laborer protection is stressed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.307-323
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• 1990

This Study was done to design and test an instrument to measure the health status of the elderly including physical, psychologyical and social dimensions. Data collection was done from July 18 to August 17, 1990. Subjects were 412 older persons in Korea. A convenience sample was used but the place of residence was stratified into large, medium and small city and rural areas. Participants located in Sudaemun-Gu, Mapo-Gu, and Kangnam-Gu, Seoul were interviewed by brained nursing students, and those in Chungju, Jonju, Chuncheon, and Jinju by professors of nursing colleges. Rural residents were interviewed by community health practioners working in Kungsang-Buk-Do, Kyngsang- Nam - Bo, Jonla Buk -Do, and Kyung Ki- Do. The tool developed for this study was a structured questionnaire based on previous literature and then tested for reliability and validity. This tool contained 20 physical health status items, 17 mental-emotional health status items and 38 social health status items. Physical health status items clustered in to six factors such as personal hygiene, activity, home management, digestive, sexual, sensory, and climination functions. Mental-emotional health status items clustered into two factors, mental health and emotional health. Social health status items clustered into seven factors, grandparent, parent, spouse, friend, kinships, group member and religious role functions. Data analysis included percentage, average, S.D., t-test and ANOVA. The results of the analysis were as follows : 1. The tool measuring the health status of the elderly and developed for this research had a relatively high reliavility indicated by a cronbach＝0.97793. 2. Average score of the subjects physical health status was 4, 054 in a 5 point likert scale, mentalemotional health status was 3.803, social health status was 2.939 and the total average was 3.521. The social status of the subjects was the lowest and the next was mental-emotional health status ; physical health status was the highest. 3. Educational background, perceived health status, the amount of pocket money were related to physical and mental-emotional health status and family structure was related mental-emotional physical and social health status. Occupation was related to physical and mental-emotional status. Area of residence was related to metal-emotional and social status. Source of living in the expeneses was related to physical and mental-emotional health status marital status to mental-emotional and social health status, and the number living in the home physical health status and religion to social health status. The following conciusions were derived from the above results ; 1. The health status of Korean elderly was relatively sound but social health status was the most vulnerable. The Social activity for Korean elderly is needed to improve social health. 2. Educational background, perceived health status and the amount of pocket money must be considered in the health assessment criteria of the elderly, Family structure, marial status, occupation, residence variables and sources of living expense must also be considered as significant. 3. A health education program based on the educational background of the elderly, and provision of an occupational socioeconomic welfare policy will be useful in order to increase social health status of Korean elderly.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.39-60
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of two different characteristics of music(tempo) and advertising photograph(type) in a fashion store on consumers' emotional responses and approach behavior and to suggest competitive in-store atmospheric strategies. To test the conceptual model, this study used a video simulation method. Researchers selected a fashion casual wear retail store for young people and videotaped to provide realistic store settings. Two different levels of background music(fast, slow) and advertising photograph(sexy, cheerful) were inserted into the video clip generating four stimuli. Including a stimulus for the control group, 5 video clips were created. A total of 289 subjects answered the questionnaire after viewing a two-minute video clips. The results are as follows: First, advertising photograph in a store had a significant effect on consumers' in-store emotional state, whereas musical tempo did not. Second, the effect of in-store consumers' emotional state on behavioral reponses were investigated. Results showed that consumers' positive emotional state lead to consumers' approach behavior. The results of this study indicated that background music and advertising photograph in a fashion store affected consumers' in-store emotional state, and ultimately these affected consumers' positive approach behavior. Thus retailer should try to create a pleasant store environment using effective store atmospheric factors like background music and advertising photograph.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2011

Objectives : The study set out to analyze correlations between emotional labor and job stress among dental hygienist, who have direct and lasting relationships with patients in dental clinic, and provide basic data to resolve stressors and manage stress. Methods : A survey was taken among dental hygienists working at dental clinics, and 200 questionnaires were used in analysis. The gathered data were put to Cronbach's alpha with the SPSS WIN12.0 program to test the reliability of the inventories to measure their emotional labor and job stress. In addition, correlation analysis was conducted to examine relations between the items of emotional labor and those of job stress along with regression analysis to examine relations between emotional labor and job stress. Finally, t-test and One-way ANOVA were conducted to test mean differences in the job stress items according to the degrees of emotional labor with the statistical significance level set at 0.05. Results : 1. The measurement tool used in the study recorded 0.7 for all the areas of Cronbach's alpha for internal reliability and thus achieved high reliability. 2. The overall mean of emotional labor was 2.74, which indicates that the dental hygienists had 'average' or higher stress for emotional labor. 3. Emotional labor had statistically significant relations with educational background, place of work, motivation to choose to be a dental hygienist, and religion of their general characteristics. 4. There was statistical significance in relations between general characteristics and job stress according to educational background, position at work, and experience with change of occupation. 5. The correlations between emotional labor and the stress areas were analyzed. As a result, emotional labor was in positive(+) correlations with job demand, lack of job autonomy, relational conflict, job instability, organizational system, and corporate culture. In addition, regression analysis was conducted to test causal relations between emotional labor and job stress. The results indicate that there were positive(+) influences between emotional labor and job stress. Conclusions : The results show that emotional labor can serve as a mediating variable for job stress in dental clinic. Thus both dental clinics and dental hygienists need to have ways to deal with job stress derived from emotional labor in which they are forced to process their emotions according to the dental clinics' demands, properly. The study will hopefully trigger ongoing follow-up researches on the deployment of dental hygienists according to their job characteristics and the situational variables to alleviate the negative results of emotional labor.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.57-66
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• 2011

This study investigated the self-related and parental factors that influence depression in 204 adolescents from a low social economic status background. The self-related factors were self-trust and emotional regulation, and the parental factors were parental concern and domestic violence. The results showed that girls were more likely to be depressive, but had better emotional regulations and a closer relationship with their parents than boys. There was no significant difference between age groups with respect to parental concern, self-trust and emotion regulation. It was also found by regression analyses that girls' depression was predicted by both emotional regulation and parental concern while boys' depression was predicted only by self-trust. The finding suggested that intervention for boys' depression has to focus more on intrapersonal factors, but should emphasize interpersonal factors for girls.

• Architectural research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 2012

In contemporary Korean society, urban community environment is often associated with high-density and high-rise residences that make people's relationships superficial, instrumental and impersonal. Furthermore, urban community consistently interplays with neighboring residents and childhood emotional experience are influential on their unconscious images and attitude about their current neighborhood environment, while affecting the environmental attitude and the formation of community sense. Previous research found evidences that increased level of community sense is fostering more feeling of living in so-called "real neighborhood environment." This study aimed to cross-culturally examine what the respondents' emotional perception and their attitude were about the community environment in their childhood through environmental autobiography method and to examine the effects of the results on adults' formation of sense of community for their current community environment. Extensive literature review explored a few important theoretical framework which are closely related to sense of community (SOC) as a result of emotional experience: membership, influence, integration and fulfillment of needs, shared emotional connection and community satisfaction. Chi-square and GLM analysis revealed that there were no demographic, and socio-economic differences between two groups of Korean and US residents. Correlation analysis indicated that childhood emotional experience of Koreans and US citizens was statistically significant on sense of community for their current living community. Multi-regression analysis also found that the degree of influence were the main predictors for building strong sense of current community throughout a cross-cultural group. Furthermore, the relationship between various emotional experience of each factor in previous and current community environment were statistically significantly related. It is concluded that as the positive childhood experience of influence in their past community was going up, the level of sense of community for their current community was strengthened across their cross-cultural background.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2015

This study examined the effect of infant teacher's sensitivity, efficacy and interaction on the social and emotional development of infants. The participants of this study were 169 infants and their teachers in daycare centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The instruments were collected through teachers' responses. Data were analyzed through the variance analysis using PASW 18.0 to verify the infant teachers' susceptibility, efficacy, and infant-teacher interaction based on infant teachers' background variables; to find out the relationship between the variables, Pearson correlation analysis was performed, and to find out the relative influence of variables on the infants' social and emotional development, stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed. Results were as follows. Firstly, Among the background variables of the teachers, their career as infant teachers displayed differences in the infants' social and emotional development, and the susceptibility, efficacy, and infant-teacher interactions displayed partial differences based on the teaching career, career as infant teachers, age, daycare center type, and the academic background of the teachers. Secondly, there were positive relationships between infant teacher's sensitivity, efficacy and interaction and infants' social and emotional development. Thirdly, infant teachers' sensitivity, efficacy and infant-teacher interaction had an influence on infants' social and emotional development at the same time. Especially, sensitivity and interaction were powerful and influential variables and their explained variance was 53%. These results suggested that teachers' efforts must be made to interact positively with infants and to increase their sensitivity level to respond to infants in order to increase infants' social and emotional development.