• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.67-83
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• 2002

The coupled model (SMART) of dynamic meteorology model and particle dispersion model was developed. The numerical experiment on the relationship between change of land use and diffusion behavior in complex terrain was carried out using this model. It tried to investigate the change of particle diffusion behavior and local weather under the condition in which land-land breeze and sea breeze and mountain breeze intermingled. The numerical experiment results are as follows; 1) The more complicated local circulation field of the interaction of sea breeze, mountain breeze and Land -land breeze is formed. Then, the region circulation in which the urbanization is specific by location of the region is strengthened and is weakened. 2) Though in the region with dominant sea breeze, Land-land breeze does not appear directly, the progress of the sea wind to the inland is affected. 3) In the prediction of the air diffusion, emission high quality and accurate information of the emission site are important. That is to say, the dispersion predicting result which emission high quality and small error of the site perfectly vary for Land - land breeze in the effect may be brought about.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.105-113
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• 2023

The study used the whole-life carbon assessment method to conduct a thorough carbon-neutral evaluation of a standard steel structure. To further assess carbon emissions, 11 design-changed models were evaluated, with changes made to the span between beams and columns. The results of the carbon emission assessment showed savings of approximately 13.1% by implementing the stage of the beyond life cycle. Additionally, the evaluation of carbon emissions through design changes revealed a difference of up to 42.2%. These findings confirmed that recycling and structural design changes can significantly reduce carbon emissions by up to 48.6%, making it an effective means of achieving carbon neutrality. It is therefore necessary to apply the stage of beyond life cycle and structural change to reduce carbon emissions.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.27-42
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• 2024

As global climate change impacts become more apparent, countries are implementing various policies to achieve carbon neutrality that can be categorized into direct regulations and market-based indirect regulations. The latter, utilizing economic incentives, is considered more efficient in transforming corporate behavior and promoting voluntary efforts for carbon reduction. In alignment with international trends, South Korea has introduced the Emission Trading System (ETS) in 2015. Despite this, the domestic carbon market remains underdeveloped, with low ETS participation, particularly in the aquaculture sector. In order to activate external projects under the ETS, this study proposes short-term strategies including linking ETS with popular eco-friendly energy distribution projects, developing standardized monitoring techniques, and integrating carbon reduction initiatives with other support mechanisms such as direct payment programs. Long-term strategies focus on developing new methodologies for external projects, promoting the use of renewable energy, and enhancing technologies to reduce energy consumption in aquaculture operations. By implementing these strategies, the study aims to enhance the participation of the aquaculture sector in carbon reduction efforts, contributing to the overall goal of carbon neutrality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.593-598
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• 2014

In this study, we developed the carbon emission factors for 4 major species of warm-temperate region in Korea, and tried to provide their carbon emissions and removals estimates using these carbon emission factors. We selected Castanopsis cuspidata, Camellia japonica, Quercus acuta and Quercus glauca as target species and derived their carbon emission factors. The basic wood density that serve as one of the carbon emission factors were 0.583 for Castanopsis cuspidata, 0.657 for Camellia japonica, 0.833 for Quercus acuta and 0.763 for Quercus glauca and their uncertainties ranged from 5.3 to 17.9%. Biomass expansion factors were calculated as well: 1.386 for Castanopsis cuspidata, 2.621 for Camellia japonica, 1.701 for Quercus acuta and 2.123 for Quercus glauca and associated uncertainties varied from 14.7 to 30.5%. Lastly root-shoot ratios for each species were also determined: 0.454 for Castanopsis cuspidata, 0.356 for Camellia japonica, 0.191 for Quercus acuta and 0.299 for Quercus glauca with the uncertainties lying within a range from 19.8 to 35.7%. These three carbon emission factors including basic wood density had the uncertainties of less than 40% recommended by FAO. Therefore the application of country-specific emission factors seemed to provide quite accurate estimates of carbon emissions and removals. The estimation of the carbon stored in the 4 species were also conducted which amounted to $186.10tCO_2/ha$ for Castanopsis cuspidata, $280.63tCO_2/ha$ for Camellia japonica, $344.04tCO_2/ha$ for Quercus acuta and $278.91tCO_2/ha$ for Quercus glauca and their annual carbon removals were $6.65tCO_2/ha/yr$, $6.25tCO_2/ha/yr$, $11.70tCO_2/ha/yr$ and $12.29tCO_2/ha/yr$, respectively. This systematic assessment of forest resources can be a reliable source of information for managing evergreen broadleaved forest in warm temperate regions and thus serve as useful data for effective decision-making to address vegetation zone shifts due to climate change.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.193-201
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to find preferred climate condition for outdoor water activity and to estimate future change of preferred season for the activity following the climate change. We chose urban public swimming pools, Hangang park swimming pools, which do not have any attractions except pools and allow people to make decision to visit pools in the morning solely based on the weather conditions as study sites. We identified the preferred climate conditions by analyzing the relationship between number of visitors and temperature, wind chill temperature and discomfort indexes. According to the result, the preferred temperature range was from $23.51^{\circ}C$ to $37.56^{\circ}C$, the wind chill temperature range was from $25.90^{\circ}C$ to $39.43^{\circ}C$, the discomfort index range was from 71.61 to 88.98 and the precipitation range was below 22.8 mm per day. When the temperature range is applied as the preferred season, in present, the length of the season is 127 days, from end of May to end of September. However, if temperature increase resulting from lower emission scenario (RCP 6.0), the season would be extended to 162 days, from early May to middle of October. If temperature is increasing under high emission scenario (RCP 8.5), the length of the season would be extended to 173 days from early May to end of October. In addition, the period of between end of July and early August, which is currently the most preferred season, would not be favored anymore due to high temperature. The result of this study further suggests the necessity of climate change adaptation activities.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.562-570
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• 2009

Although anthracite power plant acts as the important source of greenhouse gas emissions, relatively little is known about its emission potentials. Especially, because the emissions of Non-$CO_2$ greenhouse gas $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ are strongly dependent on fuel type and technology available, it is desirable to obtain the information concerning their emission pattens. In this study, the anthracite power plants in Korea were investigated and the emission gases were analyzed using GC/FID and GC/ECD to develop Non-$CO_2$ emission factors. The anthracite samples were also analyzed to quantity the amount of carbon and hydrogen using an element analyzer, while calorie was measured by an automatic calorie analyzer. The emission factor of $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ computed through the gas analysis corresponded to 0.73 and 1.98 kg/TJ, respectively. Compared with IPCC values, the $CH_4$ emission factor in this study was about 25% lower, while that of $N_2O$ was higher by about 40%. More research is needed to extend our database for emission factors of various energy-consuming facilities in order to stand on a higher position.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 2013

This study suggests a specific methodology to analyze how emission impacts on regional emission concentrations in accordance with the change of weather conditions, and the need of its application. The suggested methodology was applied to a transportation network of Pochun area in Gyenggido as an example. The methodology contains two types of analytical models; 1) dispersion analysis based on emission from traffic, and 2) dispersion analysis based on the combination between emission from traffic and existing emission in the air. By doing so, it is expected that the comprehensive influence of emission on traffic network and its surrounding areas can be identified. In addition, it might be useful for us to apply environmental risk assessment based on the effect of emission on the people.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2013

By IPCC climate change scenario, the socioeconomic actions such as the land use change are closely associated with the climate change as an up zoning action of urban development to increase green gas emission to atmosphere. Prediction of the land use change with rational quality can provide better data for understanding of the climate change in future. This study aims to predict land use change of Cheongju in future and SLEUTH model is used to anticipate with the status quo condition, in which the pattern of land use change in future follows the chronical tendency of land use change during last 25 years. From 40 years prediction since 2000 year, the area urbanized compared with 2000 year increases up to 87.8% in 2040 year. The ratios of the area urbanized from agricultural area and natural area in 2040 are decreased to 53.1% and 15.3%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.603-612
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• 2022

The study aims were to evaluate a machine-learning, algorithm-based, forest biomass-estimation model to estimate subnational forest biomass and to comparatively analyze REDD+ forest reference emission levels. Time-series Landsat satellite imagery and ESA Biomass Climate Change Initiative information were used to build a machine-learning-based biomass estimation model. The k-nearest neighbors algorithm (kNN), which is a non-parametric learning model, and the tree-based random forest (RF) model were applied to the machine-learning algorithm, and the estimated biomasses were compared with the forest reference emission levels (FREL) data, which was provided by the Paraguayan government. The root mean square error (RMSE), which was the optimum parameter of the kNN model, was 35.9, and the RMSE of the RF model was lower at 34.41, showing that the RF model was superior. As a result of separately using the FREL, kNN, and RF methods to set the reference emission levels, the gradient was set to approximately -33,000 tons, -253,000 tons, and -92,000 tons, respectively. These results showed that the machine learning-based estimation model was more suitable than the existing methods for setting reference emission levels.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 1996

The steady-state emission and fluorescence lifetimes of 1,3-dipyrenylpropane were measured in silicate sol-gel and xerogel matrices. In sol solution, the fluorescence emission spectra of monomer and excimer resemble those in hydrocarbon solvents. In gel and xerogel condition, however, the fluorescence spectra exhibit significant change, largely confirming the intramolecular motions in gel pores are influenced by microviscosity. The rate constants for intramolecular excimer formation were obtained from the measured fluorescence lifetimes and the rate processes for excimer forming in silicate sol-gel are described by a simple kinetic scheme.