• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1103-1120
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• 2015

A self-sensing magnetorheological (MR) damper with embedded piezoelectric force sensor has recently been devised to facilitate real-time close-looped control of structural vibration in a simple and reliable manner. The development and characterization of the self-sensing MR damper are presented based on experimental work, which demonstrates its reliable force sensing and controllable damping capabilities. With the use of experimental data acquired under harmonic loading, a nonparametric dynamic model is formulated to portray the nonlinear behaviors of the self-sensing MR damper based on NARX modeling and neural network techniques. The Bayesian regularization is adopted in the network training procedure to eschew overfitting problem and enhance generalization. Verification results indicate that the developed NARX network model accurately describes the forward dynamics of the self-sensing MR damper and has superior prediction performance and generalization capability over a Bouc-Wen parametric model.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.564-572
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• 2004

Modem applications could benefit from multifunctional materials having anisotropic optical, electrical, thermal, or mechanical properties, especially when coupled with locally controlled distribution of the directional response. Such materials are difficult to engineer by conventional methods, but the electric field-aided technology presented herein is able to locally tailor electroactive composites. Applying an electric field to a polymer in its liquid state allows the orientation of chain- or fiber-like inclusions or phases from what was originally an isotropic material. Such composites can be formed from liquid solutions, melts, or mixtures of pre-polymers and cross-linking agents. Upon curing, a 'created composite' results; it consists of these 'pseudofibers' embedded in a matrix. One can also create oriented composites from embedded spheres, flakes, or fiber-like shapes in a liquid plastic. Orientation of the externally applied electric field defines the orientation of the field-aided self-assembled composites. The strength and duration of exposure of the electric field control the degree of anisotropy created. Results of electromechanical testing of these modified materials, which are relevant to sensing and actuation applications, are presented. The materials' micro/nanostructures were analyzed using microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.2561-2576
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• 2013

The ship ad-hoc network (SANET) extends the coverage of the high data-rate terrestrial communications to the ships with the reduced cost in maritime communications. Cognitive radio (CR) has the ability of sensing the radio environment and dynamically reconfiguring the operating parameters, which can make SANET utilize the spectrum efficiently. However, due to the dynamic topology nature and no central entity for data fusion in SANET, the interference brought into the primary network caused by the hidden primary user requires to be carefully managed by a sort of decentralized cooperative spectrum sensing schemes. In this paper, we propose a self-weighted decentralized cooperative spectrum sensing (SWDCSS) scheme to solve such a problem. The analytical and simulation results show that the proposed SWDCSS scheme is reliable to detect the primary user in SANET. As a result, secondary network can efficiently utilize the spectrum band of primary network with little interference to primary network. Referring the complementary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we observe that with a given false alarm probability, our proposed algorithm reduces the missing probability by 27% than the traditional embedded spectrally agile radio protocol for evacuation (ESCAPE) algorithm in the best condition.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2020

IIoT stands for Industrial Internet of Things used in manufacturing, healthcare, and transportation in networked smart factories. Recently, IIoT's environment requires an automated control system through intelligent cognition to improve efficiency. In particular, IIoT can be applied to automatic calibration of production equipment for improved management in industrial environments. Such automation systems require a wireless network for transmitting industrial data. Self-calibration systems in laser transmission paths using wireless networks can save resources and improve production quality by real-time monitoring and remote control of laser transmission path. In this paper, we propose a wireless networked system for self-calibration of laser equipment that requires a laser transmission path, and we show the results of the prototype evaluation. The self-calibration system of laser equipment measures the coordinates of the laser points with sensors and sends them to the host using the proposed application protocol. We propose a wireless network service for the wired motor controller to align the laser coordinates. Using this wireless network, the host controls the motor by sending a control command of the motor controller in an HTTP message based on the received coordinate values. Finally, we build a prototype system of the proposed design to verify the detection performance and analyze the network performance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Bacterial biofilm is a community of bacteria that are embedded and structured in a self-secreted extracellular matrix. An important clinical-related characteristic of bacterial biofilms is that they are much more resistant to antimicrobial agents than the planktonic cells (up to 1,000 times), which is one of the main causes of antibiotic resistance in clinics. Therefore, infections caused by biofilms are notoriously difficult to eradicate, such as lung infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients. Understanding the resistance mechanisms of biofilms will provide direct insights into how we overcome such resistance. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of biofilms and chronic infections associated with bacterial biofilms. We examine the current understanding and research progress on the major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in biofilms, including quorum sensing. We also discuss the potential strategies that may overcome biofilm-related antibiotic resistance, focusing on targeting biofilm EPSs, blocking quorum sensing signaling, and using recombinant phages.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2010

We investigated the carbon monoxide (CO) gas-sensing properties of nanostructured Al-doped zinc oxide thin films deposited on self-assembled Au nanodots (ZnO/Au thin films). The Al-doped ZnO thin film was deposited onto the structure by rf sputtering, resulting in a gas-sensing element comprising a ZnO-based active layer with an embedded Pt/Ti electrode covered by the self-assembled Au nanodots. Prior to the growth of the active ZnO layer, the Au nanodots were formed via annealing a thin Au layer with a thickness of 2 nm at a moderate temperature of $500^{\circ}C$. It was found that the ZnO/Au nanostructured thin film gas sensors showed a high maximum sensitivity to CO gas at $250^{\circ}C$ and a low CO detection limit of 5 ppm in dry air. Furthermore, the ZnO/Au thin film CO gas sensors exhibited fast response and recovery behaviors. The observed excellent CO gas-sensing properties of the nanostructured ZnO/Au thin films can be ascribed to the Au nanodots, acting as both a nucleation layer for the formation of the ZnO nanostructure and a catalyst in the CO surface reaction. These results suggest that the ZnO thin films deposited on self-assembled Au nanodots are promising for practical high-performance CO gas sensors.

• Composites Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2006

니켈 나노와이어 고분자 복합재료의 자체 감지 및 계면 물성평가를 전기적 미세역학적 시험법을 이용하여 조사해 보았다. 본 연구에 사용된 미세 역학적 시험법은 인장과 압축 하중이 연속적으로 작용/완화 되었을 때, 온도, 습도에 대한 가시적인 감지가 가능한 시험법이다. 니켈 나노와이어 강화 에폭시 복합재료에서 니켈 나노와이어의 형상비에 따른 기계적 물성은 동일한 반복하중과 가변하중이 작용 하였을 때 전기적 Pull-out시험법을 통하여 간접적으로 측정하였다. 니켈 나노와이어 강화 에폭시 복합재료의 인장시험을 통해서 얻은 강성도와 겉보기 강성도를 비교해 보면 그 경향은 상호 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 니켈 나노와이어 강화 에폭시 복합재료를 이용하여 온도와 습도에 의한 영향으로 발생되는 반응을 감지할 수 있었다. 인장과 압축하중이 작용/완화 되었을 때 자체감지능은 니켈 나노와이어 강화 실리콘 복합재료에서 전기적 접촉 저항도 측정을 통해 관찰하였으며, 서로 반대의 경향으로 나타나는 것을 확인 하였다. 이것은 실리콘 기지재에 분산되어 있는 니켈 나노와이어간의 접점 연결 메카니즘이 다르기 때문에 발생되는 것으로 판단된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.603-608
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• 2011

국내외적으로 수주량이 증가하고 있는 대형 구조물의 건설 시 보다 정밀한 시공 및 유지관리 기술이 요구 된다. 그 중 콘크리트의 강도는 대표적인 품질관리 변수 중 하나로, 정확한 강도 값의 측정 및 이력관리는 건설 프로세스에서의 공기단축을 통한 비용 절감 및 효율적인 시공관리를 위해 매우 중요한 요구 사항이다. 이에 이 논문에서는 유비쿼터스 시대에 적합한 건설시공기술로의 발전을 위해 최근 개발된 임베디드 자율 감지형 콘크리트 강도 모니터링 기술을 데이터베이스화하고 이를 QR(quick response)코드와 연동시키는 콘크리트 강도 라벨링 기술을 소개한다. 이를 통하여 콘크리트 구조물의 강도 이력 DB를 언제 어디서나 실시간으로 확인하고 이를 바탕으로 보다 정밀하고 경제적인 시공 및 유지관리할 수 있는 차세대 콘크리트 생애주기 품질관리 시스템으로의 실현 가능성에 대해 고찰해본다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2019

In this paper, we implemented a mobile application of location-based augmented reality that combines self-sensing technology and various safety information using technological advancements of the smartphone. Vessel navigation is a suitable area for augmented reality because it requires accurate knowledge of the distance and location of destinations, danger zones, AtoN, and adjacent vessels. Current smartphone applications only provide 2D images and location information. Such applications do not include information about the surrounding environment, and as a result, they can only function using their own sensing information and surrounding information into a location-based augmented reality. If you provide a variety of sensor information embedded in the smartphone to 'BadaGO', the implemented application through this study, 'BadaGO' can provide safe navigation information to the user device in real time with a variety of its own formed information. The user has a high practicality and applicability of a small ship that is supplied with safe navigation information in a changing marine environment only by providing information through the application on the smartphone.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

This study presents early crack detection of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) under varying temperature and humidity conditions using an instantaneous electrical impedance acquisition system. SFRC has the self-sensing capability of electrical impedance without sensor installation thanks to the conductivity of embedded steel fibers, making it possible to effectively monitor cracks initiated in SFRC. However, the electrical impedance is often sensitively changed by environmental effects such as temperature and humidity variations. Thus, the extraction of only crack-induced feature from the measured impedance responses is a crucial issue for the purpose of structural health monitoring. In this study, the instantaneous electrical impedance acquisition system incorporated with SFRC is developed. Then, temperature, humidity and crack initiation effects on the impedance responses are experimentally investigated. Based on the impedance signal pattern observation, it is turned out that the temperature effect is more predominant than the crack initiation and humidity effects. Various crack steps are generated through bending tests, and the corresponding impedance damage indices are extracted by compensating the dominant temperature effect. The test results reveal that propagated cracks as well as early cracks are successfully detected under temperature and humidity variations.