• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.4 s.34
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• pp.57-63
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• 1999

Pericarpium castaneae extracts have variously potent activities, such as anti-oxidative activity and free radical scavenging activity. in vivo and in vitro studies both indicate that pericarpium castaneae extracts acts as a free radical scavenger($IC_{50}:7.6{\mu}g/ml$) stronger than gallic acid($IC_{50}:12.5{\mu}g/ml$) and ellagic acid($IC_{50}:15{\mu}g/ml$) which could prevent cutaneous UV damages and skin aging. The extracts showed a good effect as a anti-oxidant($IC_{50}:50{\mu}g/ml$). It was shown that the appearance of wrinkle in human skin was reduced by topical application of pericarpium castaneae extracts. And the treatment of human skin with the extracts increased the elasticity and moisture of the skin. We investigated the effect of the pericarpium castaneae extracts on production of extracellular matrix using cultured A431 fibroblast cells. The results indicated that the extracts had no detectable effect on collagen synthesis. But synthesis of cell adhesion protein was increased by the extracts. The results suggest that increase of cell adhesion protein synthesis by pericarpium castaneae extracts has closely related to reduction of wrinkle in skin.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1257-1265
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• 2017

The present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative and neuroprotective effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaves (SBL) harvested at different times. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed five major phenolic compounds: ellagic acid, gallic acid, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin. SBL harvested in August had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity. Treatment of neuronal PC-12 cells with the ethyl acetate fraction of SBL harvested in August increased their viability and membrane integrity and reduced intracellular oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The relative populations of both early and late apoptotic PC-12 cells were decreased by treatment with the SBL ethyl acetate fraction, based on flow cytometry analysis using annexin V-FITC/PI staining. These findings suggest that SBL can serve as a good source of antioxidants and medicinal agents that attenuate oxidative stress.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.57-64
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• 1999

Pericarpium castaneae extracts have variously potent activities, such as anti-oxidative activity and free radical scavenging activity. in vivo and in vivo studies both indicate that pericarpium castaneae extracts acts as a flee radical scavenger ($IC_{50}$/: 7.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) stronger than gallic acid($IC_{50}$/: 12.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and ellagic acid($IC_{50}$/: 15$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) which could prevent cutaneous UV damages and skin aging. The extracts showed a good effect as a anti-oxidant ($IC_{50}$/: 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml). It was shown that the appearance of wrinkle in human skin was reduced by topical application of pericarpium castaneae extracts. And the treatment of human skin with the extracts increased the elasticity and moisture of the skin. We investigated the effect of tile pericarpium castaneae extracts on production of extracellular matrix using cultured A431 fibroblast cells. The results indicated that the extracts had no detectable effect on collagen synthesis, But synthesis of cell adhesion protein was increased by the extracts. The results suggest that increase of cell adhesion protein synthesis by pericarpium castaneae extracts has closely related to reduction of wrinkle in skin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2017

Various extracts of roots, stems, and leaves of Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'V3' were evaluated for total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. The conjugate form of stem samples contained the highest total phenolics ($5.092{\pm}0.739mg$ gallic acid equivalent per g dry weight） and the highest total flavonoids ($2.218{\pm}0.021mg$ rutin equivalent per g dry weight) was found in the hexane extract of leaves. The ethyl acetate extract of roots showed the maximum antioxidant activity as compared to other extracts. Of which, the $IC_{50}$ value of this sample were 0.070 mg/mL and 0.450 mg/mL in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and reducing power, respectively, while the lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPI) value was as 94.2% by ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching method. Five phenolic compounds including caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, ellagic acid, and cinnamic acid were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It is suggested that roots of the hybrid Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'V3' can be explodited as an effective source of antioxidants.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2012

Excavated textiles provide very important research data on the costume culture of the Joseon dynasty. In particular, dyed textiles are indispensable for textile conservation research and for restoration of remains as well as for general costume culture research. Unfortunately, a prolonged burial environment causes the colors to change and gradually fade after excavation. Therefore, it is very difficult to identify the original color. In this study, natural dyed samples of red, yellow, purple and blue were prepared and analyzed using HPLC-PDA. Dyes of colorants extracted from excavated textile remains were analyzed by HPLC. In addition, mordants were analyzed using (SEM-EDX) in order to estimate the original color. The 16~17th Century's three samples were analyzed, sample 1, and 2 from Eunjin Song's Song Mun-Chang excavated at the Songchon-dong in Daejeon, and sample 3 from Yeosan Song's Song, Hee-Jong excavated at the Mokdal-dong in Daejeon. From the HPLC results, alizarin, purpurin, and indigo were detected on sample 1, alizarin and purpurin on sample 2, ellagic acid and indigo on sample 3. Therefore they were dyed with madder and indigo (sample 1), madder (sample2), pomagranted and indigo (sample 3). Al mordant was identified on three samples.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

Raspberries are a good resource of polyphenols and have a powerful antioxidant activity, but shelf life for raspberries is short which brings a lot of economic losses. In this study, we try to use cool-air ($20{\sim}40^{\circ}C$) or hot-air ($60{\sim}100^{\circ}C$) to produce semi-dried raspberries with extended shelf life, and to determine the best method for improving fruit quality by minimizing nutrient losses during drying processes. The effects of process variables (drying temperature and processing time) on the quality of final dried raspberries were investigated. Response surface methodology was employed to establish statistical models for simulating the drying processes, and the moisture residue content and the loss ratios of total phenolic content (TPC), vitamin C (VC), and ellagic acid (EA) that result from the drying processes of raspberries using either hot or cool-air were predicted. Superimposed contour plots have been successfully used in the determination of the optimum zone within the experimental region. Optimal conditions determined for achieving minimal losses of TPC, VC, and EA, and a final moisture residue of 45% using the hot-air drying process were a drying temperature of $65.75^{\circ}C$ and a processing time of 4.3 hr. While for the cool-air process, the optimal conditions predicted were $21.3^{\circ}C$ and 28.2 hr. Successful application of response surface methodology provided scientific reference for optimal conditions of semi-drying raspberries, minimizing nutrient losses and improving product quality.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2024

Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus is an evergreen tree of the family Elaeocarpaceae, which is a plant that grows naturally only in subtropical regions due to its vulnerability to cold. E. sylvestris has been reported to have flavonoids, coumarins, and polyphenols, and it is reported that these components have antibacterial and antioxidant effects. In this study, a roasting technique was introduced to increase the physiological activity of E. sylvestris, and antioxidant, total phenol, and total flavonoid content were measured after confirming changes in the ingredients of roasted E. sylvestris extracts and fractions. We analyzed the extracts before and after roasting and found an increase in the content of four components (brevifolin, ellagic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol), with the roasted extracts showing better antioxidant activity. The optimal roasting condition was confirmed to have the best antioxidant effect when roasting at 200 ℃ for 30 min, and the total phenol and total flavonoid content were also confirmed to be the best. E. sylvestris extract produced under optimal roasting conditions has been confirmed to exhibit improved antioxidant effects, and it is believed that it can be used as a cosmetic and food material in the future.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.826-839
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• 2021

A 60-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with two concentrations (0% and 0.3%) of black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) fruit by-product (RCFB) on the physicochemical characteristics, oxidative stability, antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and fatty acid profile of M. longissimus dorsi (LL) porcine muscle from Berkshire finishing pigs meat. Results revealed that regardless of the sex, diets supplemented with 0.3% RCFB reduced (p<0.05) the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) expressed as malonaldehyde (MDA) content effectively. A higher antioxidant capacity [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity] was found (p<0.05) in response to feeding supplemented with 0.3% RCBF for male or female pigs. Moreover, 0.3% RCFB dietary feed increased (p<0.05) the glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities (GPX1) in blood plasma for male or female pigs. However, no influences were observed (p>0.05) on meat color, WHC, shear force, and fatty acid contents while fed diet supplemented with 0% or 0.3% RCFB for male or female pigs. Overall, this study suggests that a diet supplemented with 0.3% RCFB may beneficially affect owing to better oxidative stability, higher antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activity (blood plasma) in pigs which could be a promising natural antioxidant without affecting meat quality traits.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2016

This study aimed to establish the quantitative method to analyze the content of peroxynitrite-scavengers belonging to polyphenols in six Korean Quercus species (Quercus mongolica, Q. dentata, Q. acutissima, Q. alienta, Q. serrata, and Q. variabilis) by HPLC. The twelve peroxynitrite-scavengers, flavanols (catechins: (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and (-)-epigallocatechin), flavonols (kaempferol and quercetin), flavonol glycosides (astragalin, quercitrin, and isoquercitrin), flavonol acylated glycosides (astragalin 6''-gallate and isoquercitrin 6''-gallate), gallic acid and its dimer (ellagic acid) were analyzed by HPLC. Further, anti-Alzheimer's activity was assayed in a passive avoidance testusing mice by measuring the retention latency (sec), the concentration of acetylcholine (ACh), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Simultaneous analysis of the extracts of the six Quercus leaves was achieved on a Capcell C18 column ($5{\mu}m$, $250mm{\times}4.6mm\;i.d.$) with a gradient elution of 0.05% HAc and 0.05% HAc in $CH_3CN$. In the extract of Q. mongolica leaves, the content of gallic acid (32.53 mg/g), (+)-catechin (28.78 mg/g), (-)-epicatehin (22.03 mg/g), astragalin 6''-gallate (20.94 mg/g), and isoquercitrin 6''-gallate (44.11 mg/g) and peroxynitrite-scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$, $0.831{\mu}g/ml$) were high. This extract delayed the retention latency and inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in scopolamine-induced memory impairment of mice, suggesting that it has anti-Alzheimer's activity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.290-295
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• 2014

The triterpenoids contained in four Rubus species (Rosaceae) were quantitatively analyzed using HPLC to select plants with large quantities of niga-ichigoside $F_1$. Unripe fruits, ripe fruits, and leaves were extracted to estimate the quantity of niga-ichigoside $F_1$, together with Rubus-specific $19{\alpha}$-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids, euscaphic acid, tormentic acid, and kaji-ichigoside $F_1$, and a dimeric triterpenoid coreanoside $F_1$. Niga-ichigoside $F_1$ was most abundant in the leaves of R. crataegifolius (23.4 mg/g dry weight). The amount of triterpenoid in the black, ripe fruits of R. coreanus was lower than the unripe fruits of the same plant. On the other hand, the ripe fruits of three plants, R. crataegifolius, R. parvifolius and R. pungens var. oldhami, which are reddish, contained higher or similar level of triterpenoids than their unripe fruits. In addition, the concentration of niga-ichigoside $F_1$ in the ripe fruit of R. crataegifolius was 20.5 mg/g, suggesting that the fruits could be used as a functional food. Methyl gallate and ellagic acid were used as quantitative indices of total tannin. Methyl gallate levels were higher in ripe fruits than unripe fruits in R. crataegifolius, R. pungens var. oldhami, and R. parvifolius. In R. crataegifolius, the quantity of methyl gallate was 30.5 mg/g in ripe fruit, but 1.19 mg/g in unripe fruit.