• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.57-61
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• 2006

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) is known to be as a negative feedback regulator in Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling. Highly conserved SOCS box domain was cloned from a Korean malaria vector, Anopheles sinensis. Sequence analysis indicates that it has identity to Anopheles gambiae (96%), Aedes aegypti (94%), Drosophila melanogaster (78%), Mus musculus (72%) and Homo sapiens (72%), respectively. Tissue specificity RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression level of AsSOCS transcript was high at abdomen, midgut, and ovary, whereas developmental expression patterns showed that the level of AsSOCS was high at egg, early pupae, and adult female. On the other hand, RT-PCR analysis after bacterial challenge showed that SOCS mRNA was strongly induced in larvae. In addition, it was also induced by various immune elicitors such as lipoteicoic acid, CpG-DNA, and laminarin. It seems that AsSOCS, repressor of JAK-STAT pathway, is highly conserved in mosquito, and may play an important role in mosquito innate immune response.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 1994

Some ammonium oxalate soluble pectic fragments prepared from cultured cell wall of Ephycla distrahya elicited the accumulation of p-coumarocylamino acids (p-CAA) in E. distachya cultures while water soluble and alkali soluble fractions had no activity. Partial purification of the pectic fragments fraction using DEAE-cellulose chromatography afforded two active fractions (PS-I and PS-II) which were composed of mainly uronic acids (98-99 w/w %). They elicited the accumulation of p-CAA in an amount of 52-60 nmol per gram fresh weight of cultures. The acidic sugar compositions of PS-I and PS-II were found to be galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid by TLC analysis. They were supposed to act as endogenous elicitors of p-CAA accumulation. In order to investigate the effect of ethylene on p-CAA accumulation, Ethrel, which is known as ethylene generator, and ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), a direct precusor of ethylene biosynthesis, were added to the culture. However, they did not glycopeptide elicitor [(Con A-II)], either. Consequently, no relationships between ethylene and p-CAA accumulation were recognized. Several tentative elicitors were teted for their activity. Commercial yeast glucan, $CuCl_2$, laminarin and laminariheptaose had slight activity whereas ${\alpha}$-methylmannopyranoside and commercial yeast mannan had no elicitor activity. ${\alpha}$-methylmannopyranoside which has been known as a tentative inhibitor of glucan elicitor in Glycine max did not affect on the elicitor activity of Con A-II.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.507-514
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• 1998

The effects of media and elicitors on betalain, phytolaccoside G and D2 production were examined in the hairy roots of Phytolacca esculenta van Houtte induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens $A_4$T. Phytolaccoside G and D2 from Phytolacca hairy roots PEH2 were identified by TLC, HPLC, IR, Mass, $^1$H-NMR, and ^(13)C-NMR. Among the culture media tested, SH medium was the best for hairy root growth of hairy roots. White medium was the most suitable medium for betalain production, while MS medium was for phytolaccoside G and D2 production. Although the growth of hairy roots was supped by light (1,000 Lux), the production of betalain, phytolaccoside G and D2 was enhanced by the same light treatment. Addition of elicitors such as NaF, chitosan, and yeast extract to the culture medium increased the content of betalain, phytolaccoside G and D2, suggesting the importance of culture condition for the production of those componds.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.247-248
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• 2007

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.330-331
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• 2008

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.256-262
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• 2009

The potential of. nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain Avr5, either alone or in combination with chitosan and Bion, for inducing defense reaction in tomato plants inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp lycopersici, was studied in vitro and glasshouse conditions. Application Bion at concentration of 5, 50, 100 and $500{\mu}g$/ml, and the highest concentration of chitosan reduced in vitro growth of the pathogen. Nonpathogenic F. oxysporum Avr5 reduced the disease severity of Fusarium wilt of tomato in split plants, significantly. Bion and chitosan applied on tomato seedlings at concentration $100{\mu}g$ a.i./plant; 15, 10 and 5 days before inoculation of pathogen. All treatments significantly reduced disease severity of Fusarium wilt of tomato relative to the infected control. The biggest disease reduction and increasing tomato growth belong to combination of nonpathogenic Fusarium and Bion. Growth rate of shoot and root markedly inhibited in tomato plants in response to tomato Fusarium wilt as compared with healthy control. These results suggest that reduction in disease incidence and promotion in growth parameters in tomato plants inoculated with nonpathogenic Fusarium and sprayed with elicitors could be related to the synergistic and cooperative effect between them, which lead to the induction and regulation of disease resistance. Combination of elicitors and non-pathogenic Fusarium synergistically inhibit the growth of pathogen and provide the first experimental support to the hypothesis that such synergy can contribute to enhanced fungal resistance in tomato. This chemical could provide a new approach for suppression of tomato Fusarium wilt, but its practical use needs further investigation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 2014

Forest tree species usually takes for long periods to be harvested and cultivated but spearmints are a good model system for woody plant because of reducing and shortening cultivation time. Spearmints are good model plants (Mentha species) for research about terpenoids production and industrial essential oil manufacture. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase (Iso) and limonene synthase (Limo) are the key enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Transgenic and wild spearmints (Mentha spicata, MS) were cultured in vitro and assessed for the essential oil contents. The content of essential oil of transgenic spearmint also was enhanced slightly depending on the target terpenoid genes. In an attempt to increase productivity of terpenoids further, salt and fungal elicitation strategy was adopted on transgenic Mentha spicata. The salt (800 mM NaCl) as abiotic and two fungi (Botrytis cinerea and Glomerella cingulata) as biotic were used for elicitors. In the absence of salt stress four terpenoids were detected from the spearmint extracts, all of them being monoterpenes. On the other hand, the transgenic (MSIso) extracts contained eleven terpenoids (10 monoterpenes and 1 phenylpropene) while transgenic (MSLimo) extracts contained seven monoterpenes. After 3 days of fungal infection, the resistance indices further increased to 4.38, 3.89 and 2.04 for wild type, MSIso and MSLimo, respectively. The salt and fungal elicitators proved beneficial towards modifying both the terpenoids profile and improvement in the composition of essential oil. These results have important applications for the large-scale production of essential oils and forest biotechnology with respect to spearmint.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.487-488
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• 2001

The effects of biotic elicitors, organic acids, and environmental changes on the growth of Panex. ginseng hairy roots were investigated in the shaking flask culture. Among the organic acid tested, gluconic acid was found to be the most efficient in the hairy roots growth. And citric and succinic acid were facilitated the growth of hairy roots.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.291.2-291.2
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• 2007

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.331-335
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• 2006

Suspension cells of Angelica gigas Nakai were cultivated to produce extracellular polysaccharide(ECP) as immunostimulating agents. Effects of environmental conditions such as sucrose and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) concentrations on the growth and production of ECP were studied using suspension cultures of A. gigas Nakai. Final dry cell weight was increased with an increase of initial sucrose concentration from 30 to 60 g/L. The maximum production of ECP(1.2 g/L) was achieved at an initial sucrose concentration of 50 g/L on day 8. High 2,4-D concentration was effective for ECP production but not for cell growth. In addition, various fungal elicitors were investigated for the enhanced production of ECP in A. gigas suspension cultures. Among the tested fungal elicitors, Verticillium dahliae was the most effective for the production of ECP in A. gigas suspension culture.