• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.163-182
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is an analysis on the 3rd graders' achievement in the elementary school. For this purpose, this study, first, analysed on the 3rd graders' achievement like the ratios of the achievement levels for whole students, sexual students, and regional students. Second, this study analysed the 3rd graders' assessment results like the total averages, averages for the contents area, sexual students, and regional students. Third, this study analysed students' special responses on the items.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.467-474
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• 2013

This paper examined various study case about cyber network and STEAM education. We develop this STEAM career education of Cyber Network subject for 3rd and 4th graders in elementary school. We make this program by considering about student's intellectual level and interests. We offered this program to elementary 3rd and 4th graders in Jeju island step by step to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed program and teaching materials. Future work will include the follow-up and extended study. It will be expected that students will be able to develop their abilities of career exploration.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.225-242
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• 2005

This study investigated the relations between children's self-perceived competence and friendship quality by grade, sex and father/mother attachment, and the relative importance of father/mother attachment and self-perceived competence on quality of children's friendships. There was a mean difference in self-perceived competence by grade and father/mother attachment. While both 3rd graders and 5th graders showed high levels of father/mother attachment and self-perceived competence, 5th graders showed higher self-perceived competence than 3rd graders. There was a mean difference in friendship quality by grade, sex and father/mother attachment : 5th graders showed higher friendship quality than the 3rd graders, and girls showed higher friendship quality then boys. In conclusion, children's friendship quality was influenced by father/mother attachment and social acceptance.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.79-98
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine children's disclosure to parents in different domains of their daily activities. Methods: The participants were 340 children(100 kindergarteners, 120 3rd graders and 120 6th graders in elementary school) and their mothers in Seoul and Gangwon-do, Korea. The data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and MANOVA. Results: First, 3rd graders and 6th graders experienced more daily activities than kindergarteners in most domains. Second, 3rd graders disclosed more than kindergarteners and 6th graders in most domains. The response of mothers with 3rd graders was most similar to their children's response about children's disclosure to parents. Third, the reasons for nondisclosure of children were different according to domains. The reasons for nondisclosure of children that mothers perceived were different from those of their children, especially in the school(institute)-related domain. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study indicated that the aspects of children's disclosure to parents were different according to domains of their daily activities based on developmental stages. Mothers perceived their children's disclosure differently compared to their children. The results suggest that it is necessary to approach children's disclosure to parents based on domains of daily activities and developmental stages.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze 3rd, 4th and 5th graders' probability understanding and raise issues concerning instructional methods and search for the possibility of learning probability. For the purpose, a descriptive study through pencil-and-paper test regarding fairness, sample space, probability of event, probability comparison, independence and conditional probability was conducted. The following conclusions were drawn from the results obtained in this study. First, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade students scored the highest in the sample space questions. In descending order of skill, the students scored the highest in sample space following probability of events, fairness and probability comparison. Second, however, the level of independence understanding was low. There was no meaningful differences between grades and the conditional probability was the least understood. The independence is difficult to develop naturally according to cognitive development. The conditional probability recognizing the probability of an event changes in non-replacement situations was very difficult for these students. Third, there were significant differences between the 5th graders and the 3rd and 4th graders in the probability comparison questions. It shows that 5th graders understand the concept of proportion when they compare equal ratio probability of an event. The 3rd graers could do different ratio probability of an event more easily than equal ratio probability of an event after they were instructed on probability comparison.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2009

We analyzed $3^{rd}$ graders' images of scientists and science learning students. We chose $3^{rd}$ graders because this is the time when children first encounter formal science learning opportunities. Draw-A-Scientist-Test (DAST) and the revised Draw-A-Scientist-Test Checklist (DAST-C) were used to analyze students' images of scientists, whereas Drawing-A-Science-Learner- and a checklist were used to analyze students' images of science learning students. We found that $3^{rd}$ graders showed common features of scientists who wore laboratory coats but not wearing glasses, goggles or masks and smiling. While most boys drew a male scientist, about a half of girls drew female scientists. Old and weird looking images of scientists that were typically known in other literatures were not found in this study. Science learning students were not wearing lab coasts, glasses, goggles, nor masks. Most of those students were conducting chemistry related experiments, which seemed to be influenced by the $3^{rd}$ grade's science curriculum. We also found relationships among components of images of scientists and science learning students. Although $3^{rd}$ graders' images of scientists and science learning students showed common features, this typical image was not the same as the previous studies have reported. This implies that the images of scientists and science learning students have not yet fixed by $3^{rd}$ grade. Thus, this seems to be a critical time when children start developing images of scientists. Children's direct experiences in the science classroom along with environmental factors such as media exposures can influence their formation of images of scientists and science learning students.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2013

This paper examined various study case about smart grid and STEAM education. We develop this STEAM education of IT subject using smart grid for 3rd and 4th graders in elementary school. We make this program and teaching materials by considering about student's intellectual level and interests. We offered this program to 10 elementary 4th graders in Jeju island step by step for 6 period to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed program and teaching materials. Future work will include the follow-up and extended study. It will be expected that students will be able to develop their abilities by this STEAM education using IT.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2004

This study examined the relation between children's interpersonal problem solving strategies and their temperament. Two hundred and fifty nine children of the 3rd and the 5th grades were chosen from 3 elementary schools as the subjects. Data from two hundreds and six children were analysed. Alternative problem solving strategies as one of children's interpersonal problem solving strategies and their temperament were analysed according to their grade, sex, and the target persons. Children showed age and sex differences in using strategies; the 3rd graders used more solutions than the 5th graders in affirmative strategies and the girls used more solutions than the boys in affirmative strategies, but showed no differences in using negative strategies. In temperament, the 3rd graders were higher in Persistence than the 5th graders, the boys were higher in activity and the girls were higher in mood. Temperament of the children had relations with their using alternative problem solving strategies when the target persons were peers or teachers but not mothers. Persistence and mood, which are the subcategories of temperament had relations with affirmative strategies for the 3rd graders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation between internet addiction and school adjustment of 3rd and 4th graders in elementary schools. Methods: The subjects were 689 graders from five schools in five districts, located in G, Korea and the data were collected ficxn April 18 to May 15, 2005. A scale consisting of 25 questions were developed as an instrument for testing internet addiction and a further 25 questions were developed for examining school Adjustment. The data was analyzed by testing frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson's Correlation using SPSS/PC 10.0. Results: The results were as follows: The degree of internet addiction tendency were 6.0% of addiction, 24.2% of borderline and 69.8% of non-addiction. There were significant differences in school adjustment in terms of the degree of internet addiction(F=39.88, p< .05) and significant negative correlation between the degree of internet addiction and the school adjustment; the more they used to the internet, the lower school adjustment they have(r=- .376, p< .05). Conclusion: Those graders who started using the internet at an earlier age, were found to have increased levels of internet addiction. therefore, it is necessary to develop a program for the prevention of intemet addiction and a school adjustment education program is recommended for that.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.45 no.1 s.112
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to extract some suggestions in developing the elementary students' abilities to solve the fundamental mathematical problems by analyzing the degree of the correlation between the fundamental mathematical capability and the reading capability of the elementary 3th graders. In order to achieve this goal, this article analyzed the correlation between the fundamental mathematical capability and the reading capability on the basis of the studying result about the diagnostic evaluation conducted on 20,556 elementary 3th graders by the KICE as a national level basic scholastic achievement evaluation. The coefficient of correlation between the fundamental mathematical capability and the reading capability was .621. As such, it shows that the reading capability plays an important role in solving the fundamental mathematical problems. Particularly, the coefficient of correlation between the corollary arguments and the problem solving ability and the reading capability was the highest among the sub-capabilities of fundamental mathematical capability. In addition, judging from the result that the coefficient of correlation between the practical understanding capability and the solving capability of the fundamental mathematical problems was .528, it informs that the practical understanding capability takes an' important part in developing the fundamental mathematical capability of the elementary students. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the understanding capability plays the very important role in solving the fundamental mathematical problems. In particular, the results suggest that it is necessary that the pupils should be simultaneously supported not only by the capability of the mathematical basis, but also by the reading capability, especially the practical understanding capability about the problems, in order to develop the capability to solve the fundamental mathematical problems.