• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.604-606
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• 1998

As a basic study for Man-Machine interfacing technics, this paper purposed the vertorization of EOG(electrooculogram) that is generated by eye movement. EOG is electric potential difference between the positive potential of cornea and the negative potential of retina. The magnitude and the polarity are depend on the direction of eye movement and degree of gaze angle. In order to vectorize EOG, EOG signal is measured about vertical and horizontal movement of eyes. This vectorization of EOG is expected to help Man-Machine Interfacing technics and development of other useful equipment.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.220-225
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• 1997

졸음에 의한 순간적 과오는 자동차운전을 비롯한 각종 산업안전에 인명피해를 포함하는 치명적 손실 을 수반한다. 따라서 이분야에 대한 연구가 국내를 포함한 전세계에서 활발히 진행되어 상업화가 추진 중이다. 그러나 이러한 연구는 실용적 차원에서 주로 피부전기활동(Electrodermal Activity: EDA)과 눈 깜박임 등의 측정방법에 의존하고 있으며 졸음의 첫 지시치로서 중요하고 객관적인 각성-졸음 과도기 뇌파를 포함하는 수면 다원생리신호 측정에 관한 연구는 이 방법이 피험자에게 구속성을 주고 측정 자체가 까다로워서 현실적으로어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 그 동안 Medilog SAC847 Polysomnography를 이용한 수면에 관련된 종합적 생리신호를 측정.분석 연구해온 경험을 토대로 정상적인 성인의 각성-졸음 과도기 생리신호특징으로서 뇌전도(Electroencephalogram:EEG), 턱 및 다리근전도(Electromyogram:EMG), 심전도( Electrocardiogram:ECG), 안전도(Electrooculogram:EOG) 등을 종합적으로 분석한 결과 졸음상태가 각성상 태에 비하여 EEG의 주파수는 감소하고, EMG와 ECG의 진폭은 줄어들고, EOG에서는 느린 안구운동의 특징을 갖는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.477-483
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• 2007

We have measured EOG and fMRI simultaneously to investigate whether eye movement (blinking mechanism) might influence functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal response in the primary visual cortex. $T2^*-weighted$ Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI) with concurrent electrooculogram (EOG) was acquired in four subjects while they viewed a fixation point and a checkerboard with a flickering rate of 8Hz. With the help of EOG information we divided the experimental blocks into two different conditions: fixation and moving eye. We have compared the fMRI data of these two conditions. Our results have shown that there is no difference between these two conditions. This might suggest that eye blinking does not affect BOLD signal changes in the primary visual cortex. This means further that eye blinking can be ignored in data processing.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.1356-1363
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• 1999

In this paper, a new method for controlling the pointing device using EOG(electrooculogram) signal generated from eye movement was suggested. The basic idea of the method is to control the direction of pointer, as using the results of measuring each component of the horizontal EOG and the vertical EOG by angle of eye-gaze. As a practical example, pointing device controlling the personal computer's pointer is manufactured. The designed pointing device consists of pre-amplifier, A/D converter, serial transmission device and PC program. That is, first, the EOG is amplified by pre-amplifier. Secondly, the amplified EOG is digitized and transmitted to personal computer by PIC16C74A. Finally, the software for controlling the pointer on personal computer is programed. As the result, the measured horizontal EOG and vertical EOG by eye-gaze angle had high linearity; the correlation coefficients of the regression line were 0.998 and 0.996 respectively. And the developed pointing device is able to control the personal computer's pointer, and the average of the errors between the objective value and the observed value had 3.77% for horizontal axis and 5.85% for vertical axis. The pointing device developed in this study is able to control personal computer's pointer by subject's eye movement, that is, the user's intention. Furthermore, the algorithm of this study is applicable for many field, such as a new method remote control, a new wheelchair control and so forth.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 눈을 깜빡(eye-blink)일 때 발생하는 안전도(EOG, electro-oculogram) 신호를 이용하여 손을 사용하지 않는 가상현실 HMD(head mounted display)용 키보드 시스템을 제안하였다. 본 시스템은 디스플레이 소자, 자이로스코프센서, 중력센서, 뇌전도(EEG, electro-encephalogram) 센서 등으로 구성되며, 시스템의 제어 및 그래픽 처리 등을 위한 Unity3D 엔진으로 가상현실 HMD용 키보드 시스템을 구현하였다. 구현된 키보드의 방식은 한글의 경우 천지인 키보드 방식을 사용하였으며 영어, 숫자, 기호의 경우 $3{\times}4$ 방식을 사용하여 공간상의 문제를 해결하였다. 구현된 시스템을 통해 손을 사용하지 않고 목의 움직임과 안전도만으로 가상현실 HMD의 키보드 입력이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 B
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• pp.484-486
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• 1998

In this paper, a new method for controlling the pointing device on digital display using EOG(electrooculogram) which is generated from eye movement, was suggested. The manufactured system is consisting of pre-amplifier, A/D converter, serial transmission device and PC program. The EOG is amplified by pre-amplifier. And the amplified EOG is digitized and transmitted to personal computer via rs-232c by PIC16C74A. Finally, the software for controlling the pointer on digital display is developed on computer. As the result, the error between the real subject's viewing point and the point indicated by the developed pointing device on digital display was investigated into the average value, 0.72 degree for horizontal axis, 0.96 degree for vertical axis. The pointing device developed in this study is controlled by subject's eye movement, that is, the user's intention. Furthermore, the algorithm of this study is applicable for many field such as a new method remote control, a new wheelchair control and so forth.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권7호
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• pp.1111-1116
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• 2017

In this paper, we developed bio-signal based eye tracking system using electrooculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) which measured simultaneously from same electrodes. In this system, eye gazing position can be estimated using EOG signal and we can use EMG signal at the same time for additional command control interface. For EOG signal processing, PLA algorithms are applied to reduce processing complexity but still it can guarantee less than 0.2 seconds of reaction delay time. Also, we developed dual machine learning structure and it showed robust and enhanced tracking performances. Compare to conventional EOG based eye tracking system, developed system requires relatively light hardware system specification with only two skin contact electrodes on both sides of temples and it has advantages on application to mobile equipments or wearable devices. Developed system can provide a different UX for consumers and especially it would be helpful to disabled persons with application to orthotics for those of quadriplegia or communication tools for those of intellectual disabilities.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 시각 기능과 위치 그리고 균형능력 정도를 파악하기 위한 장치로 안구의 움직임을 검출하는 EOG (ElectroOculoGram)를 개발하는 데 목적이 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 스포츠 동작과 모든 리듬운동 수행에 방해를 하지 않고 안정적으로 신호를 검출할 수 있도록 소형(partable)이고 경량이면서 무선통신이 가능한 EOG 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 EOG 측정 장치는 크게 EOG 신호를 증폭하는 증폭부, 신호를 변환하여 무선송신을 하는 중앙처리부, 무선신호를 수신하기위한 무선 수신부와 이를 컴퓨터로 전송하기위한 무선 수신부, 데이터를 저장하고 표시하는 디스플레이부의 총 4부분으로 구성되었다. EOG 전극은 우(+), 좌(-), 눈과 눈 사이(reference)를 이용하는 3전극 법을 이용하였다. 시험결과 측정시간에서 작동 시간에 구애를 받지는 않았으나 장기간의 개인 측정 시 원형 전극의 변성 때문에 측정에서의 오차가 커질 수 있는 단점이 있어 이를 보완하기 위해서는 장기간의 측정 요구 시 dry electrode를 사용하는 방법을 추후 개발에서 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2008

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is occurred by apnea by the obstruction of upper trachea while sleeping, followed by repetitive drop on arterial oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$). Therefore, the present study was focused on relation between $SpO_2$ of while having difficulty in breathing and clinical characteristics of OSAS while sleeping. The study took place at Ewha women university Mokdong hospital with 149 subjects (male 121, female 28) who were examined for polysomnography (PSG) from May 2007 to February 2008. All subjects were adhered to electrodes and sensors to measure electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), chin & leg electromyogram (EMG), airflow at nasal and oral cavities, breathing movement of chest and abdominal snoring sound and $SpO_2$. Lowest $SpO_2$ in male was meaningfully low with higher body mass index (BMI), louder snoring sound and thick neck circumference (p<0.01). While mean $SpO_2$ based on the degree of AHI did not show significant difference, lowest $SpO_2$ was significantly low with high AHI (p<0.001). Also, lowest $SpO_2$ was closely correlated with BMI (r=-00.343, p<0.001), snoring sound (r=0.177, p<0.05), apnea index (r=-0.589, p<0.001), hypopnea index (r=-0.336, p<0.001) and apnea-hypopnea index (r=-0.664, p<0.001). $SpO_2$ was closely related to clinical characteristics of OSAS, like male, BMI, snoring sound and neck circumference. Also, polysomnography accompanied by recent development of sleep study is considered as critical test to diagnose OSAS, decide the severity of illness, and evaluate the treatment plan.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2011

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep apnea and is caused by obstruction of the upper airway. Since it is closely related to sleep parameter and body indices, the study was focused on the relationship with them. The results of polysomnography (PSG) in obstructive sleep apnea was done at ENT department of Ewha women university Mokdong hospital from March to September 2010 with 52 subjects (male 35, female 17). The leads were placed to measure electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), mandibular and anterior tibialis electromyogram (EMG), airflow in nasal and oral cavity, chest and abdominal breathing pattern, snoring sound and arterial oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) level. From sleep parameter and body indices of adult obstructive sleep apnea compared to normal adult revealed that age (p<0.01) and snoring sound (p<0.05) were increased, stage 1 sleep (p<0.01) was increased, the deeper stages (3&4) of sleep (p<0.05) were reduced. Respiratory disturbance index (RDI) (p<0.01), mean $SpO_2$ (p<0.05) and lowest $SpO_2$ (p<0.01) were also decreased. The correlation analysis from sleep parameter and body indices of OSA showed the positive correlation with age (r=0.463, p<0.001), snoring sound (r=0.278, p<0.05), stage 1 sleep (r=0.391, p<0.01) and RDI (r=0.409, p<0.01), but showed the negative correlation with the deeper stages (3&4) of sleep (r=-0.307, p<0.05), mean $SpO_2$=(r=-0.274, p<0.05) and lowest $SpO_2$ (r=-0.392, p<0.01). This study proves that obstructive sleep apnea and indices have closed related.