• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1115-1130
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• 2020

Modern vehicles are equipped with a number of ECUs(Electronic Control Units), and ECUs can control vehicles efficiently by communicating each other through CAN(Controller Area Network). However, CAN bus is known to be vulnerable to cyber attacks because of the lack of message authentication and message encryption, and access control. To find these security issues related to vehicle hacking, CAN Fuzzing methods, that analyze the vulnerabilities of ECUs, have been studied. In the existing CAN Fuzzing methods, fuzzing inputs are randomly generated without considering the structure of CAN messages transmitted by ECUs, which results in the non-negligible fuzzing time. In addition, the existing fuzzing solutions have limitations in how to monitor fuzzing results. To deal with the limitations of CAN Fuzzing, in this paper, we propose a Non-Random CAN Fuzzing, which consider the structure of CAN messages and systematically generates fuzzing input values that can cause malfunctions to ECUs. The proposed Non-Random CAN Fuzzing takes less time than the existing CAN Fuzzing solutions, so it can quickly find CAN messages related to malfunctions of ECUs that could be originated from SW implementation errors or CAN DBC(Database CAN) design errors. We evaluated the performance of Non-Random CAN Fuzzing by conducting an experiment in a real vehicle, and proved that the proposed method can find CAN messages related to malfunctions faster than the existing fuzzing solutions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.115-116
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• 2012

The demand for flexible electronic systems such as wearable computers, E-paper, and flexible displays has increased due to their advantages of excellent portability, conformal contact with curved surfaces, light weight, and human friendly interfaces over present rigid electronic systems. This seminar introduces three recent progresses that can extend the application of high performance flexible inorganic electronics. The first part of this seminar will introduce a RRAM with a one transistor-one memristor (1T-1M) arrays on flexible substrates. Flexible memory is an essential part of electronics for data processing, storage, and radio frequency (RF) communication and thus a key element to realize such flexible electronic systems. Although several emerging memory technologies, including resistive switching memory, have been proposed, the cell-to-cell interference issue has to be overcome for flexible and high performance nonvolatile memory applications. The cell-to-cell interference between neighbouring memory cells occurs due to leakage current paths through adjacent low resistance state cells and induces not only unnecessary power consumption but also a misreading problem, a fatal obstacle in memory operation. To fabricate a fully functional flexible memory and prevent these unwanted effects, we integrated high performance flexible single crystal silicon transistors with an amorphous titanium oxide (a-TiO2) based memristor to control the logic state of memory. The $8{\times}8$ NOR type 1T-1M RRAM demonstrated the first random access memory operation on flexible substrates by controlling each memory unit cell independently. The second part of the seminar will discuss the flexible GaN LED on LCP substrates for implantable biosensor. Inorganic III-V light emitting diodes (LEDs) have superior characteristics, such as long-term stability, high efficiency, and strong brightness compared to conventional incandescent lamps and OLED. However, due to the brittle property of bulk inorganic semiconductor materials, III-V LED limits its applications in the field of high performance flexible electronics. This seminar introduces the first flexible and implantable GaN LED on plastic substrates that is transferred from bulk GaN on Si substrates. The superb properties of the flexible GaN thin film in terms of its wide band gap and high efficiency enable the dramatic extension of not only consumer electronic applications but also the biosensing scale. The flexible white LEDs are demonstrated for the feasibility of using a white light source for future flexible BLU devices. Finally a water-resist and a biocompatible PTFE-coated flexible LED biosensor can detect PSA at a detection limit of 1 ng/mL. These results show that the nitride-based flexible LED can be used as the future flexible display technology and a type of implantable LED biosensor for a therapy tool. The final part of this seminar will introduce a highly efficient and printable BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator on plastic substrates. Energy harvesting technologies converting external biomechanical energy sources (such as heart beat, blood flow, muscle stretching and animal movements) into electrical energy is recently a highly demanding issue in the materials science community. Herein, we describe procedure suitable for generating and printing a lead-free microstructured BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator on plastic substrates to overcome limitations appeared in conventional flexible ferroelectric devices. Flexible BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator was fabricated and the piezoelectric properties and mechanically stability of ferroelectric devices were characterized. From the results, we demonstrate the highly efficient and stable performance of BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2005

In this paper, an optical true time-delay (TTD) for two-dimensional (2-D) phased array antennas (PAAs), composed of a multi-wavelength optical source and a fiber optic delay line matrix consisting of $2\times2$ optical switches with optical fiber connected between cross ports, has been proposed. A 2-bit $\times4-bit$ optical TTD for 10-GHz 2-D PAAs has been implemented by cascading a wavelength dependent TTD (WD-TTD) and a wavelength independent TTD (WI-TTD). The unit time delay for WD-TTD and WI-TTD have been chosen as ${\Delta}T=12ps$ and $\Delta\tau=6ps$, respectively. Time delay have been measured at all radiation angles. The maximum delay error for WD-TTD was measured to be 3 ps due to jitter incurred from gain switching. For the case of WI-TTD, error was within ${\pm}\;1\;ps$. The proposed optical TTD for a 2-D PAA has the following advantages: 1) higher gain compared to one-dimensional linear PAAs, 2) stabilization of optical power and wavelength by using a multi-wavelength optical source, and 3) fast beam scan and simple operation due to electronic control of the $2\times2$ optical switches matrix on a column-by-column basis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.610-617
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• 2017

In the recent weapon system trend, it is required to develop small and low cost guidance missile to track and strike the enemy target effectively. Controling the such small drone typed weapon demands a integrated electronic device that equipped with not only a wireless network interface, a high resolution camera, various sensors for target tracking, and position and attitude control but also a high performance processor that integrates and processes those sensor outputs in real-time. In this paper, we propose the android smartphone as a solution for that and implement the guidance and control application of the missile. Furthermore, the performance of the implemented guidance and control application is analyzed through the simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.241-243
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• 2016

In the Past, Trend of car security was Physical Something like doorlock system, and The Generation did not have skills connecting External devices. Through Car Development is up, that trend of car security Changed Physical Security to Intelligence Security. This Changes give a chance to hackers to attack this system. This System use CAN(Controller Area Network) Protocol which have three vulnerabilities. First, ID Spoofing, Twice, D - Dos Attack, Third, Android Application Injected Modern cars have many ECU(Electronic Control Unit) to control devices like Engine ON/OFF, Door Lock Handling, and Controlling Handle. Because CAN Protocol spread signal using broadcast, Hackers can get the signal very easily, and Those often use Mobile devices like Android or IOS to attack this system. if bluetooth signal is spread wide, hackers get the signal, and analysis the bluetooth data, so then They makes certain data to attack ECU, they send the data to ECU, and control ECU installed car. so I suggest that I will prevent this attack to make Auth system and prevent this attack in end of Android.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.93-99
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a smart meter that uses GRU model, which is one of artificial neural networks, for the efficient energy management. We collected power consumption data that train GRU model through the proposed smart meter. The implemented smart meter has automatic power measurement and real-time observation function and load control function through power consumption prediction. We determined a reference value to control the load by using Root Mean Squared Error (RMS), which is one of performance evaluation indexes, with 20% margin. We confirmed that the smart meter with automatic load control increases the efficiency of energy management.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.10
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• pp.17-26
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• 2010

This is concerned with the technology to monitor the vehicle operation, failure and disorder by using WiBro portable device. More precisely, the technology makes it possible that the information collection device is connected to both ECU(Electronic Control Unit) which is the device for controlling engine, transmission, brake, air-bag, etc that are connected to in-vehicle network and OBD-II connector that is for data collection from various sensors. In addition, with a WiBro portable device (cell phone, PDA, PMP, UMPC, etc). equipped with a vehicle diagnostic programs, information for operation, failure and malfunction can be obtained and analyzed in real-time, and alarm is alerted when the vehicle is in abnormal status, which makes the early reactions to the status. Furthermore, the collected data can be sent through WiBro network to the server managed by the company specialized in managing the vehicles, thus the technology could help the drivers who have less knowledge about their auto-vehicles have safe and economic driving. There is always a possibility of malfunction due to various types of noise that are caused by wring-harness when the device is wired-connected. In this research, in order to overcome this problem, we propose a system configuration that can do monitoring and diagnosis with a device for collecting data from vehicle and a personal WiBro device. Also, we performed research on data acquisition and interlock for the system defined by the definition for information and data sharing platform.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2023

In recent years, due to heightened environmental awareness, Electric Power Steering (EPS) has been increasingly adopted as the steering control unit in manufactured vehicles. This has had numerous benefits, such as improved steering power, elimination of hydraulic hose leaks and reduced fuel consumption. However, for EPS systems to respond to actions, sensors must be employed; this means that the consistency of the sensor's linear variation is integral to the stability of the steering response. To ensure quality control, a reliable method for detecting defects and assessing linearity is required to assess the sensitivity of the EPS sensor to changes in the internal design characters. This paper proposes a data-driven defect and linearity assessment monitoring system, which can be used to analyze EPS component defects and linearity based on vehicle speed interval division. The approach is validated experimentally using data collected from an EPS test jig and is further enhanced by the inclusion of a Graphical User Interface (GUI). Based on the design, the developed system effectively performs defect detection with an accuracy of 0.99 percent and obtains a linearity assessment score at varying vehicle speeds.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.108-118
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• 2010

Soongeui complex stadium is a reinforced concrete frame structure composed of columns, slabs and beams. The stadium, however, is also a special structure because it has a tall tower of electronic display board and slabs inside its own structure which is different from the structures that had been demolished using blasting by then. Explosive demolition for the stadium was carried out from the left-hand side of the outfield stand to the right considering 2 rows of columns supporting the stand as a blasting unit. An overturning demolition method was applied to the tower of electronic display board. Water bags that played the role of multipurpose protection were applied to control the dust. As a result, the demolition project of the special structure of Soongeui complex stadium was judged to be a great success.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.54-64
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• 2010

Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are the most widely used error correcting codes in digital communications and data storage. Recently, Sudan found algorithm of list decoder for RS codes. List decoder has larger decoding radius than conventional hard-decision decoding algorithms and return more than one candidate polynomial. But, the algorithm includes interpolation and factorization step that demand massive computations. In this paper, an efficient architecture and processing schedule are proposed. The architecture consists of R-MAC, memories, and control unit. The R-MAC computes both of RC and PU steps that are main part of the factorization algorithm. The proposed architecture can achieve higher hardware utilization efficiency (HUE) and throughput by using efficient processing schedule and memory architecture. Also, the architecture can be designed flexibly with scalability for various applications. We design and synthesize our architecture using Dongbu-Anam $0.18{\mu}m$ standard cell library and the maximum clock frequency is 330MHz.