• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was carried out to know the necessity of freezing and boiling process of Gastrodiae Rhizoma. Also we need to evaluate Gastrodia elata floral axis as a product ingridients. Methods : Frozen Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GF1, GF2) and Gastrodia elata floral axis (GFA) were prepared. They were divided into samples (GF1 : frozen at the freezer, GF2; frozen and boiled for 10 hours, GFA; dried at 7 $0^{\circ}C$ for 120 hours) for experiment. They were extracted using water, freeze dried and powdered. And we analyzed proximate compositions, free sugars, gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde content, phenolic and flavonoid, electron donating ability and nitrate scavenging activity and antioxidant activity. Results : In moisture, crude ash, fructose, glucose, sucrose, p-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol GF2 showed lower level than GF1. But GF2 showed higher content than GF1, in crude fat (0.8% > 0.19%), gastrodin ($8.84{\pm}0.58%$ > $4.18{\pm}0.73%$), and p-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde ($2.45{\pm}0.26%$ > $2.07{\pm}0.16%$) content, phenolic ($9.98{\pm}0.07%$ > $3.35{\pm}0.03%$) and flavonoid ($3.01{\pm}0.06%$ > $1.09{\pm}0.04%$) content, electro donating ability ($15.21{\pm}6.51%$ > $10.44{\pm}4.78%$), nitrate scavening activity ($20.43{\pm}5.30%$ > $13.62{\pm}5.78%$). GFA has a relatively lower key indicators component, but has a enough impact on antioxidant effect in phenolic ($11.85{\pm}0.08%$) and flavonoid content ($1.45{\pm}0.03%$), electron donating ability ($18.58{\pm}9.06%$) and nitrate scavenging activity ($19.41{\pm}9.90%$). Conclusions : In the view of proximate compositions, free sugars, functional component and antioxidant activity, the results indicated that boiling process is effective for the frozen Gastrodiae Rhizoma. And Gastrodia elata floral axis has a significantly functional components and antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 2015

The electron donating ability, elastase inhibitory, procollagen synthesis and Matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) activities were measured in order to verify the anti-wrinkle properties of extracts from Buplerum falcatum as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products. Electron donating ability and elastase inhibition activities were 80 and 52% at a dose of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ of B. falcatum 70% ethanol extract. Pro-collagen synthesis was increased with the increase concentration of B. falcatum extract on CCD-986sk in addition to decrease the amount of protein of MMP-1. The results suggested that B. falcatum extract can be used to reduced electron donating ability, elastase, pro-collagen synthesis and MMP-1 activity and is a potential candidate for cosmedical materials.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.314-318
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• 2011

Saururus chinensis is used as a raw material of an anti-rheumatic, poultice, sedative and stomachic. The tea of dried Saururus chinensis leaves has a function of relaxing pains in back and breast and of treating stomach ailments. The plant has the functions of anti-inflammatory, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge and refrigerant. The extraction of functional material is carried out by methanol and ethanol solvents. Mechanochemical grinding is applied as a pretreatment process before extraction to enhance the extraction efficiency by increasing the surface area of the materials while changing the chemical properties of the materials. Extraction of functional materials from the Saururus chinensis after grinding as a pretreatment using the mechanochemical technology was accomplished in this study to investigate the effect of grinding on the antioxidant activities of the extract. Saururus chinensis was ground by the planetary ball mill and the morphology was analyzed by SEM. Mechanochemical pretreatment increased the yields of functional materials from 5.9 g to 6.4, 7.0, and 8.1 g after grinding of 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours, respectively. Nitrite scavenging ability increased from 53.0-71.0% to 61.0-79.0% for the methanol extraction in the solution of pH 1.2. Also, Electron donating abilities were increased from 7.90-33.51% to 11.97-38.51% for the methanol extraction. The extract concentration for the half inhibition of DPPH radicals was reduced from $278{\mu}g/mL$ in the original sample to $263{\mu}g/mL$ in the sample after grinding for the methanol extraction.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 1999

3-Trifluoromethylpyrazoles and 4-benzenecarbinolpyrazoles were prepared by the new synthetic methodologies, and their herbicidal effects were tested (in vivo) in the upland conditions and in the flooded paddy conditions for the purpose of the development of new herbicides. In upland conditions, most of the pyrazoles showed weak herbicidal effects at 4 kg/ha dosage in the post-emergence test, while no herbicidal effects in the pre-emergence test. In the flooded paddy conditions, some of the pyrazoles showed good herbicidal effects at a rate of 4 kg/ha, especially, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-(4-methoxybenzoyl)pyrazole showed the best herbicidal activity with good selectivity between rice and weeds. But other derivatives substituted with electron-donating groups such as dior trimethoxy and sulfides, and 4-benzenecarbinolpyrazoles showed weak herbicidal effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.817-823
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the optimal extraction conditions for maca by comparing the yields, total polyphenol contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and the nitrite scavenging ability. The proximate composition analysis showed 6.57% moisture, 12.83% crude protein, 1.05% crude fat, 4.80% ash and 74.75% carbohydrate. Maca was extracted with 7 different solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane) and the extracts were tested for biological activities. The extraction yields of water, methanol and ethanol extracts were 46.2%, 21.4% and 16.8%, respectively. Acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane exhibited very low extraction yield, ranging from 0.2 to 1.0%. Total polyphenol contents and the nitrite scavenging ability were the highest in water extract. Electron donating ability and the SOD-like activity were the highest in methanol extract. When water extract was drawn out at different extraction temperatures (30, 70, $100^{\circ}C$) and time (1, 3, 5 hr), the improved biological activities (total polyphenol contents, electron donating ability, SOD-like activity and nitrite scavenging ability) were found in extracts treated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 3 or 5 hrs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1045-1051
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• 1997

Three kinds of model melanoidins adjusted to have the same brown color intensity were made from glucose-glycine, glucose-lysine, xylose-arginine and their antioxidative properties were determined. The antioxidative activities of these model melanoidins in linoleic acid emulsion system were determined by ferric thiocyanate method, conjugated diene contents, peroxide value and electron donating ability by DPPH. Xylose-arginine melanoidin showed the strongest antioxidative activity and electron donating ability. The antioxidative effect of melanoidin could be reliably predicted by determining peroxide value and DPPH method. Each melanoidin was separated on Sephadex G-50 column, and brown color intensity, reducing power, ninhydrin positive reaction and antioxidative activity of each fraction were determined. The antioxidative activities of melanoidin fractions showed strong correlation with their brown color intensity and especially to their reducing power. In spite of same brown color intensity, there is no big differences between these model melanoidins, thus xylose-arginine showing strongest antioxidative activity followed by glucose-lysine and glucose-glycine melanoidin. Xylose-arginine melanoidin also showed the strongest electron donating activity and broad range of reducing power when fractionated on Sephadex G-50, which was different tendency from the other model melanoidin.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 2008

This study investigated the antioxidant activities of extracts from Angelica dahurica roots after microwave-assisted extraction with different levels of energy (120, 240W) and extraction time (5, 10, 15 and 30 min). The highest extraction yield was 11.77 mg% in water at 240W for 30 min followed by 11.42 mg% in water at 120Wand 30 min. The highest total polyphenol contents was 32.36 mg/g in an ethanol extract, followed by 31.77mg/g in water extract at the same conditions of 240W, 30 min. The electron donating abilities both the ethanol extract obtained using 240W and 30 min and the water extract obtained employing 120W and 5min showed the highest values, 83.55% and 82.49% respectively at a concentration 1.0mg/mL. The highest superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity was 14.16% in ethanol extract at 120Wand 15min, followed by 13.22% in the water extract at 120W and 5 min. The best extraction yield and polyphenol content after microwave-assisted extraction were achieved with 240W and 30 min using water. The best condition for extraction of electron donating ability and SOD-like activity from A dahurica roots were 120W and 5 minutes using water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2007

Physiological activities of Agaricus bisporus extracts were examined. Nitrite-scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and electron-donating ability (EDA) of Agaricus bisporus extracted with water, 50%, and 100% ethanol were measured. Nitrite- scavenging activities at pH 1.2 were the most effective in water and 50% ethanol extracts from brown and white Agaricus bisporus samples. SOD-like activities of water and 50% ethanol extracts of both samples were $19.02{\sim}55.42%$ lower than those of 1.0% and 0.1% L-ascorbate solutions. SOD-like activities of brown Agaricus bisporus extracts were higher than those of white Agaricus bisporus extracts, and water extracts of the samples were the highest. EDAs of brown Agaricus bisporus extracts were higher $(40.35{\sim}66.54%)$ than those of white Agaricus bisporus extracts, while those of both extracts were lower than 1.0% and 0.1% L-ascorbate solutions. The results will be useful for understanding the physiological activities of Agaricus bisporus extracts.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.204-209
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• 2011

This study investigated the effects of mulberry fruit extract on antioxidant activities and the alleviation of an alcoholinduced hangover, which was measured with alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) enzyme activity. The antioxidative capacity of each mulberry extract was measured by total phenolic compounds, electron donating ability, superoxide dismutase-like ability, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and nitrite scavenging ability. The 60% methanol extract yielded the highest total phenolic compounds. The electron donating ability of the 40% ethanol and 40% methanol extracts were 68% and 67%, respectively. The superoxide dismutase-like abilities of the 40% methanol and 40% ethanol extracts were 30% and 28%, respectively, when extracts were assayed at 2.5 mg/$m\ell$. The nitrite scavenging ability of the 60% ethanol and 40% methanol extracts were 98% and 97%, respectively. The 60% ethanol extract yielded the highest ADH.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.732-739
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the changes in quality properties of extract from roasted Pleurotus eryngii by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). MAE was carried out under different conditions including ethanol concentration, extraction time and microwave power. Total phenolics compound contents, electron donating ability (EDA) and nitrite-scavenging ability at pH 1.2 were high at 50% ethanol concentration. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity was high at 75% ethanol concentration. Soluble solid and total phenolics compound content decreased as extending extraction time up to 7 min. EDA decreased as increased extraction time. SOD-like activity and nitrite-scavenging ability were not significantly different. The highest soluble solid content, total phenolics compound content and EDA were obtained at 100 W extraction of microwave power. SOD-like activity was high at 25 W. But microwave power did not significantly affect the nitrite-scavenging ability.