• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

Objectives : The objective of this study is to evaluate antioxidant activity and the main component content change of steaming-drying fermented Gastrodiae rhizoma extract. Methods : The antioxidant activities were determined for total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, SOD-like activity, electron donating activity, nitrite scavenging ability and major functional components(gastrodin and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content) were also measured. Results : The polyphenol content of fermented Gastrodiae rhizoma by S. cerevisiae were higher than those of fermented Gastrodiae rhizoma by A. oryzae, and when the fermentation period is extended. SOD like activity of fermented Gastrodiae rhizoma showed to be increased by fermentation with S. cerevisiae than fermentation by A. oryzae. Electron donating activity of fermented Gastrodiae rhizoma were increased at almost parallel level as vitamin C, by fermentation. Notably, fermentation by A. oryzae was moderately better than fermentation by S. cerevisiae. Flavonoid content of Gastrodiae rhizoma showed to increasing by fermentation, particularly fermentation by S. cerevisiae was proven to be more effective than by A. oryzae. The more steaming-drying or increased period of fermentation would be resulted in more gastrodin contents but under the same conditions, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content of fermentation by A. oryzae in case of steaming and drying 1 time and 3 time was higher than control. Conclusions : These results has strongly hint the possible applicability of fermentation might be effective to improve the diverse biological activities of Gastrodiae rhizoma and may further supports to develop a functional food materials.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2007

This study was conducted to examine antioxidant activities of Perilla frutescens var. acuta leaf. For the this purpose, DPPH radical scavenging activity, lipid oxidation inhibition, SOD-like activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibitor activity of water extract, ethanol extracts (30, 50, 70, and 95%) and the fractions obtained from these extracts were determined. The electron donating abilities of the chloroform fraction obtained from the 70% and 95% ethanol extracts were 50%, and that of the ethyl acetate fraction for all of the extracts was above 75%. In particular, the electron donating ability of the ethyl acetate fraction of the 70% ethanol extract showed the greatest activity with 200.5 ppm of $RC_{50}$ value. The 70% ethanol extract was most effective to inhibit the automatic oxidation of linoleic acid at $40^{\circ}C$ storage. The highest inhibition effects appeared in the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the water extract, and the 30, 50, and 70% ethanol extracts, and the highest lipid oxidation inhibiting effect of the 95% ethanol extract occurred in the hexane and acetate fractions. The SOD-like activity of the water extract was 30.3%, and the activities of the various concentration of ethanol extracts were 28-32% and the activity of the 70% ethanol extract was the highest. The SOD-like activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the 70% ethanol extract was highest with 1,549.0 ppm of $RC_{50}$ value. Xanthine oxidase inhibition activity was greatest in the water extract and the activities of the ethanol extracts were 36-41.2%. The xanthine oxidase inhibition activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the water extract was highest. In summary, we found that electron donating ability, lipid oxidation inhibition, and SOD-like activity of Perilla frutescens var. acuta leaf were greatest in the ethyl acetate fraction of the 70% ethanol extract, and xanthine oxidase inhibition activity was highest in the ethyl acetate fraction of the water extract.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.409-415
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• 2001

Physiological activities of unripened fruit, ripened fruit and leaf of Rubus coreanus Miquel were examined. Total polyphenolic compound content, electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite scavenging activity and SOD-like activity were examined using extracts of Rubus coreanus Miquel extracted with various extraction solvents such as 80% methanol, 75% acetone and water. The leaf part of Rubus coreanus Miquel included higher contents of total polyphenol compound compared with those of the other sample groups, unripened and ripened fruit. The total polyphenol compound content of leaf (100 g, dry base) extracted with 75% acetone showed the highest value of $5.06{\sim}5.87g$. As for EDA, unripened fruit showed over 90% of electron donating ability. No significant difference in EDA was found among the extracts prepared with various extraction solvents, 80% methanol, 75% acetone and water. Rubus coreanus Miquel extracts showed different nitrite scavenging abilities under different pH conditions. The nitrite scavenging abilities at pH 1.2 were in the range of $41.25{\sim}63.24%$ whereas they were $1.59{\sim}10.99%$ at pH 4.2 and $-2.84{\sim}7.94%$ at pH 6.0. The high levels of SOD-like activities were found in ripened fruit when different extracting methods were applied. Agar diffusion tests were accomplished to examine the antimicrobial activities of the extracts prepared from unripened fruit, ripened fruit and leaf with various extraction solvents. All of the extracts revealed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus whereas no antimicrobial activities were observed against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.677-682
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of garlic extracts on electron donating ability nitrite-scavenging activity and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation. Content of total phenolic compounds was the highest in ethyl acetate extract. Electron donating ability was significantly increased with increasing sample concentration, as $88.0{\pm}1.53%$ from ethyl acetate extract and $77.5{\pm}0.8%$ from butanol extract in concentration of 10 mg/mL. Butanol extract from garlic with highest nitrite scavenging activity and inhibition effect of NDMA formation exhibited $96.9{\pm}0.75%$ and $68.6{\pm}1.15%$ in concentration of 10 mg/mL, respectively. The butanol extract was fractionated into 5 fractions using prep-LC. Nitrite-scavenging activity and inhibition effect of NDMA formation were excellent in fraction III, which further fractioned into 3 subfractions (III-a, III-b and III-c) using prep-LC. Of the 3 subfractions, its activity was the highest in the subfraction III-c. Therefore butanol extract of garlic was suggested to be effective inhibitor of NDMA formation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2008

To evaluate growth chracteristics, vitamin C content and antioxidative activity of Sedum sarmentosum, 13 local strains were cultivated in the field. Keumsan, Bucheon, and Pocheon strains had narrow and oblong leaf, long hight, and slender stem compared to the other strains. Wanju and Gunsan strains were not formed flower stalks, and did not flower during the flowering time. Vitamin C contents were ranged from 407.8 to $434.4\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, and it was high in Gwangyang, Buan, Wanju, and Gunsan strains. But vita min C contents didn't show a significant difference among strains. In antioxidative activity between fresh and freeze dried shoots, electron donating abilities (EDA) were ranged from 45.0 to 66.5% in MeOH extract of fresh shoot, and from 61.3 to 66.5% in MeOH extract of freeze dried shoot. Gwangyang, Suncheon, Wando strains showed high EDA compared to the others. Vitamine C content and antioxidant activity were highest in Gwangyang strain.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.118-124
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• 2001

The water and methanol extract were obtained from fruit body of 8 kind of edible mushrooms. The antibacterial activity of extracts on the growth of pathogenic bacteria(Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli O 157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium) was determined. Methanol fraction of Gyrophora esculenta showed excellent antibacterial activity alai t 5 strains of pathogenic bacteria. The 80% methanol extract of Gyrophora esculenta and Phelinus were fractionated with diethylether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The diethylether, ethyl acetate and butanol fractiorl of Gyrophora esculenta had excellent antibacterial activity and ethyl acetate and butanol fraction of Phellinus linteus had weak antibacterial activity against 5 strains of pathogenic bacteria. Electron donating ability of each fraction of Gyrophora esculenta was increased in order of ethylacetate, chloroform, butanol, diethylether and water. Nitrite scavenging ability was observed in ethyl acetate fraction of Gyrophora esculenta and other fractions showed no activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.262-270
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the functional properties of roasted Pleurotus eryngii by the extraction conditions. Total phenolic compound content and electron donating ability (EDA) were high at 50% ethanol concentration. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity was high at 75% ethanol concentration. Nitrite scavenging ability increased as ethanol concentration in extracting solvent decreased. EDA decreased, SOD-like activity and nitrite scavenging ability increased as the extraction time increased. With the increase in extraction temperature, EDA and SOD-like activity decreased. But extraction temperature did not significantly affect the nitrite-scavenging ability With the increase in ratio of sample content to solvent, EDA, SOD-like activity and nitrite scavenging ability decreased. The results would be useful for understanding the extraction condition of roasted Pleurotus eryngii.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

Objectives : The physiological activities of Coptidis Rhizoma investigated for application as a cosmetic ingredients. Methods : We were experimented anti-oxidation effect, growth inhibition ability on cancer cells, antibacterial activity on various kinds of bacteria of skin. Results : The results were obtained as follows : Electron-donating ability(EDA) shows that Coptidis Rhizoma extracted with ethanol(94.51%) gives higher EDA in comparison to that extracted with water in 1000 ppm(63.24%). In the test of SOD-like activity, ethanol extract showed quite more activity with 81.01% in 1000 ppm, while water extract was low in 18.22%. In the inhibition activity of Xathine oxidase, ethanol extract showed higher inhibition activity compared to water extract. In measuring lipid oxidation inhibition ability using fish oil, ethanol extract in 100 ppm showed prominent ability. In the oxidation inhibition effect added with $Cu^{2+}\;ion\;and\;Fe^{2+}$ ion as a oxidation promoter, ethanol extract in 1000 ppm, each in the proportion of 90% and 92%, showed high oxidation inhibition effect compared with water extract. Conclusions : The results indicated that, ethanol extract which is superior in its anti-oxidation and antibacterial effect is useful to be applied in cosmetic industry.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.785-791
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• 2014

The antioxidative activities of beverages with water or ethanol extracts from Maegmundong (Liriope platyphylla) were investigated with free amino acid and mineral analysis, as well as saponin, total phenolics and flavonoid determination. Antioxidative activity was evaluated by electron donating ability and ABTS radical scavenging activity. There was only a small difference between water extract beverages and ethanol-extract beverages with respect to their electron donating ability and ABTS radical scavenging activity, although the total saponin, total phenolics and flavonoid were found to be greater in the ethanol extract beverages than in the water extract beverages. Three major free amino acids of the Magemundong beverages with water- or ethanol extract were asparagine (58.30, 60.68 mg%), methionine (15.10, 13.95 mg%, respectively) and proline (12.31, 14.00 mg%, respectively). The most abundant mineral in the Maegmundong beverage with water and ethanol extract was potassium (238.68, 244.32 mg%, respectively).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.661-665
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• 2017

We synthesized C-10 substituted triazolyl artemisinins by the Huisgen cycloaddition reaction between dihydroartemisinins (2) and variously substituted 1, 2, 3-triazoles (8a-8h). The antimalarial activities of 32 novel artemisinin derivatives were screened against a chloroquine-resistant parasite. Among them, triazolyl artemisinins with electron-withdrawing groups showed stronger antimalarial activities than those shown by the derivatives having electron-donating groups. In particularly, m-chlorotriazolyl artemisinin (9d-12d) showed antimalarial activity equivalent to that of artemisinin and could be a strong drug candidate.