• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.9 s.102
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• pp.1077-1083
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• 2005

Electro-Active Paper (EAPap) is one of attractive electro-active polymer (EAP) materials for artificial muscles due to its many advantages such as light weight, biologically degradable, low cost, large displacement output, low actuation voltage and low power consumption. However, drawbacks of EAPap actuators include low force output and humidity dependence. To enhance the performance of EAPap, conductive polymer (PPy) and SWNT/conductive polymer (PANI) are coated on EAPap PPy as conductive polymer is coated on cellulose EAPap by means of electrochemical deposition. Two different dopants are used in PPy through conducting polymer processing. SWNTS are mixed with PANI in emeraldine base along with different dopants. The compound materials are coated on cellulose EAPap using spin coating system. The performance of PPy/EAPap and SWNT/PANI/EAPap are evaluated in terms of bending displacement, blocked force, and the effects of dopants, humidity, coaling time, voltage and frequency are investigated. Comparing with EAPap actuators, SWNT/PANI/EAPap actuators show $200\%$ improvement of bending displacement and $300\%$ increment of blocked force.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.108-116
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• 2019

Electro-active polymers and dielectric elastomers have many intriguing properties that enable smart interfaces and electrically tunable optical systems, such as haptic feedback devices, artificial muscles, and expansion-tunable optical elements. These device classes are of great interest owing to their promising roles in next-generation technologies including virtual or augmented reality, human sensing and muscular enhancement, and artificial skins. In this report, we review basic principles, current state-of-the-art techniques, and future prospects of electro-active and dielectric elastomer technology. We describe chemical and physical properties of the most promising polymer substances, essential elementary architectures for artificial muscle-like functionalities, and their applications to haptic interfaces, muscular enhancement, and focus-tunable optical elements.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1242-1250
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• 2011

Several biomimetic artificial muscles including the electro-active synthetic polymers (SSEBS, PSMI/PVDF, SPEEK/PVDF, SPSE, XSPSE, PVA/SPTES and SPEI), bio-polymers (Bacterial Cellulose and Cellulose Acetate) and nano-composite (SSEBS-CNF, SSEBS-$C_{60}$, Nafion-$C_{60}$ and PHF-SPEI) actuators are introduced in this paper. Also, some applications of the developed biomimetic actuators are explained including biomimetic robots and biomedical active devices. Present results show that the developed electro-active polymer actuators with high-performance bending actuation can be promising smart materials applicable to diverse applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.307-310
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• 1997

In case of environment requiring safety such as human body and requiring flexible shape, a conventional mechanical actuator system does not satisfy requirement. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, a research of various smart material such as EAP (Electro Active Polymer), EAC (Electro Active Ceramic) and SMA (Shape Memory Alloy) is in progress. Recently, the highest preferring material among various smart material is EP (Electrostictive Polymer), because it has very fast response time, poerful force and large displacement. The previous researches have been studied properties of polymer and simple control, but present researches are studied a polymer actuator. An EP (Electostrictive Polymer) actuator has properties which change variably as shape and environmental condition. Therefore, in order to coincide with a user's purpose, it is important not only to decide a shape of actuator and mechanical design but also to investigate a efficient controller. In this paper, we constructed the control logic with an adaptive fuvy algorithm which depends on the physical properties of EP that has a dielectric constant depending on time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.275-278
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• 2004

Electro-Active Paper (EAPap) is attractive for EAP actuator due to its merit in terms of light weight, dry condition, large displacement output, low actuation voltage and low power consumption. The EAPap is based on cellulose paper, and is shown to involve primarily transport of ions in response to an external electric field. This actuating mechanism is similar to conductive polymer based actuators. For performance improvement of EAPap, hybrid actuators are tried. The actuators based on cellulose paper attached conducting polypyrrole, polyaniline and single wall carbon nanotube/polyaniline(emeraldine base) have been achieved by Electro chemical deposition and mechanical deposition of the polymers onto cellulose paper.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.736-743
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• 2001

An electro- active polymer (EAP) (poly(2-acrylamido-2- methyl propane sulfonic acid), PAMPS) gel crosslinked with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) has been prepared by free radical polymerization in aqueous solution with potassium persulfate as initiator PAMPS gel was swollen in surfactant solution to substitute surfactant for using as actuator. PAMPS gel showed a large movement in the surfactant solution by electric field. PAMPS gel showed the reversible binding and fast response rate. Bending mechanism of gel is related to the cooperative process of hydrophobic interaction, swelling-deswelling of gel and the electrostatic attraction between anode (+) and the anions of PAMPS gel. The response rate of PAMPS gel was increased as the applied potential and the degree of cross-linkage were increased. The response rate was increased as the bending cycle was repeated, but it was decreased with increasing the gel thickness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.386.1-386.1
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• 2014

The ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC), a type of electro-active polymer material, has received enormous interest in various fields such as robotics, medical sensors, artificial muscles because it has many advantages of flexibility, light weight, high displacement, and low voltage activation, compare to traditional mechanical actuators. Mostly noble metal materials such as gold or platinum were used to form the electrode of an IPMC by using electroless plating process. Furthermore, carbon-based materials, which are carbon nanotube (CNT) and reduced graphene-CNT composite, were used to alter the electrode of IPMC. To form the electrode of IPMC, we employ the synthesized graphene on copper foil by chemical vapor deposition method and use the transfer process by using a support of PET/silicone film. The properties of graphene were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and 4-point probe. The structure and surface of IPMC were analyzed via field emission scanning electron microscope. The fabricated IPMC performance such as displacement and operating frequency was measured in underwater.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.462-465
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• 2009

Cellulose based electro-active paper (EAPap) is a new smart material that has a potential to be used in biomimetic actuator and sensor. Beside of the natural abundance, cellulose EAPap is fascinating with its biodegradability, lightweight, high mechanical strength and low actuation voltage. An actuating mechanism of EAPap is revealed to be the combination of ion migration effect and piezoelectricity. EAPap can generate the electrical current and voltage when the mechanical stress applied due to its electro-mechanical characteristics. In this paper, we investigated the feasibility of EAPap as a mechanical strain sensor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.285-290
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• 2004

Electro-active polymer, one of smart materials, is a new alternative technology, which can get an ultra precision movements and bio-compatibilty. This paper presents the relationship between elastic modulus and maximum deflection as a key property of maxwell stress effects and also presents the relationship between dielectric constant and maximum deflection as a key property of electro-striction effects in disc-type actuators using segmented PU. To induce equation about distributed load of a disc, we use boundary condition of fully clamped circular plate and to obtain design parameters of a micro-fluidics system, CFD simulation is performed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.7-8
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• 2003

Since PVDF/poly(1,4-butylene adipate) blend shows much lower LCST curve compared with PVDF/PMMA blend, the PVDF/PBA blend can be a good candidate for investigating the effect of the electric field on the phase separation and dissolution behavior of an electro-active polymer and electro-inactive polymer blend. (omitted)