• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.69-70
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• 2006

In lithium-ion batteries, separator membrane's, main role is to physically isolate a cathode and an anode while maintaining rapid transport of ionic charge carriers during the passage of electric current. As far as battery safety is concerned, the electrical isolation of electrodes is most crucial since unexpected short-circuits across the membrane induces hot spots where thermal runaway may break out. Internal short-circuits are generally believed to occur by protrusions on the electrode surface either by unavoidable deposits of metallic impurities or by dendritic lithium growth during battery operation. Another cause is shrinkage of the separator membrane when exposed to heat. If separator membrane can be engineered to prevent the internal short-circuit, it will not be difficult to improve lithium-ion batteries' safety. Commonly the separators employed in lithium-ion batteries are made of polyethylene (PE) and/or polypropylene (PP). These materials have terrible limitations in preventing the fore-mentioned internal short-circuit between electrodes due to their poor dimensional stability and mechanical strength. In this study we have developed a novel separator membrane that possesses very high thermal and mechanical stability. The cells employing this separator provided noticeable safety improvement in the various abuse tests.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2016

This is a humanistic study to trace phenomena logically the comprehensive therapeutic mechanism of the human body which is coded by the smart emotion of the rated signal conveyed by the Rated Sijo. The Gestalt, which is structured in the form of therapeutic metastasis conveyed by sentences, is intended to embody the principle of human response. So, this researcher explored the metastatic structure toward Gestalt of original human being through the passage of foreground and background by ergonomic and chemical structure. In the meantime, this researcher focused on revealing the structure of the field of existence by the symbol system in which the therapeutic mechanism of the human body is embodied. As a result, the basic framework of Gestalt literary therapy, which contributes to the improvement of the Quality of Life metaphorized as a mechanism of the symbol system by the metastasis of literary therapy or the electrical operation of the human body. As a result, the human body as a conductor through literature has turned out to be an original Gestalt structure pursued by literature. In addition, it was analyzed that the human body would accept signals such as emotions and Rated Emotions planted in the sentence, and synapse them into the human physiological psycho analytical symbol system. Therefore, it has been confirmed possibility that human existent environment and trauma are separated from the whole universe can push fully implement therapeutic techniques toward totalization by a combination of literary devices, especially appropriate electric signal combination of the Rated Sijo.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.268-275
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• 2020

국내 산악 지역 자연공원에서는 자연 환경과 주변 조망을 보존하기 위해 전차선의 설치가 불가하다. 따라서 산악 트램은 무가선으로 운행되어야 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 차량의 추진 배터리에 전기를 공급할 수 있는 지상 집중식 급전장치를 개발하고 동작 및 기능 시험을 실시하여 성능을 검증하였다. 개발한 지상 집중식 급전장치는 검수고 또는 정거장의 한 지점에 고정 설치되어 있으며, 차량의 대차가 진입하여 정차하면 스프링 장력으로 암과 집전 슈를 올려 대차 하부에 있는 차량측 집전 바와 접촉하고, 전기를 흘려 배터리에 전력을 공급한다. 지상 집중식이므로 차량 지붕 위의 집전장치와 전차선이 필요 없게 되고, 산악트램은 무가선 상태로 운행을 할 수 있다. 정거장이나 검수고에서 움직이지 않고 정지한 상태에서 집전하므로, 이선이나 아크 발생이 없다. 집전 슈의 마모나 손상을 초래할 수 있는 가동 접촉면이 사라지게 되므로 집전장치 수명이 연장되는 장점이 있다. 시험 결과에 따르면, 절연저항은 기준치인 10㏁ 이상이었고, 전류 335A를 1시간 동안 일정하게 공급하여도 이상 발열이 없음을 확인하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2014

As an important component of a fuel cell, the bipolar plate comprises a large proportion in the fuel cell's volume, weight and price. The bipolar plate is the most widely used; however, graphite bipolar plate is large in volume, brittle and therefore easily broken during assembling. In addition, due to its poor machinability, production costs a lot, unless mass production. Compared with the graphite bipolar plate, the metal bipolar plate has good machinability, high electric conductivity and strong mechanical strength; however, it corrodes easily and has a high contact resistance, so in order to prevent corrosion and reduce the contact resistance, the basic metal needs to be processed by use of electro polishing and coating. The water which is produced by electrochemical reactions in the fuel cell must be discharged smoothly. In this study, in order to prevent corrosion the processes of electro polishing and CrN coating were used. According to the presence or absence of these processes, the contact angles can be measured and different metal bipolar plates can be made, these plates can be used for comparing and analyzing the performance of the fuel cell.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.383-399
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• 2015

Today, as railways increase their capacity and speeds, it is more important than ever to be completely aware of the state of vehicles fleet's condition to ensure the highest quality and safety standards, as well as being able to maintain the costs as low as possible. Operation of a modern, dynamic and efficient railway demands a real time, accurate and reliable evaluation of the infrastructure assets, including signal networks and diagnostic systems able to acquire functional parameters. In the conventional system, measurement data are reliably collected using coaxial wires for communication between sensors and the repository. As sensors grow in size, the cost of the monitoring system can grow. Recently, auto-powered wireless sensor has been considered as an alternative tool for economical and accurate realization of structural health monitoring system, being provided by the following essential features: on-board micro-processor, sensing capability, wireless communication, auto-powered battery, and low cost. In this work, an original harvester device is designed to supply wireless sensor system battery using train bogie energy. Piezoelectric materials have in here considered due to their established ability to directly convert applied strain energy into usable electric energy and their relatively simple modelling into an integrated system. The mechanical and electrical properties of the system are studied according to the project specifications. The numerical formulation is implemented with in-house code using commercial software tool and then experimentally validated through a proof of concept setup using an excitation signal by a real application scenario.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.210-214
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• 2012

Mass production-capable $Li_2MnSiO_4$ powder was synthesized for use as cathode material in state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. These batteries are main powder sources for high tech-end digital electronic equipments and electric vehicles in the near future and they must possess high specific capacity and durable charge-discharge characteristics. Amorphous silicone was quite superior to crystalline one as starting material to fabricate silicone oxide with high reactivity between precursors of sol-gel type reaction intermediates. The amorphous silicone starting material also has beneficial effect of efficiently controlling secondary phases, most notably $Li_xSiO_x$. Lastly, carbon was coated on $Li_2MnSiO_4$ powders by using sucrose to afford some improved electrical conductivity. The carbon-coated $Li_2MnSiO_4$ cathode material was further characterized using SEM, XRD, and galvanostatic charge/discharge test method for morphological and electrochemical examinations. Coin cell was subject to 1.5-4.8 V at C/20, where 74 mAh/g was observed during primary discharge cycle.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.699-710
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• 2019

Electric vehicles (EVs) are spreading rapidly and many counties are promoting hybrid and fully EVs through legislation. Therefore, an increasing amount of lithium ion batteries will reach the end of their usable life and will require effective and sustainable end-of-life management plan which include landfill disposal or incineration. The current research focuses on more sustainable methods such as remanufacturing, reuse and recycling in order to prepare for future battery compositions and provide insights to the need recycling methods to be developed to handle large amounts of batteries sustainably in the near future. The two most prominent material recovery techniques are hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy which are explored and assessed on their relative effectiveness, sustainability, and feasibility. Hydrometallurgy is a superior recycling method due to high material recovery and purity, very low emissions, high prevalence of chemical reuse and implementation of environmentally sustainable compounds. Expanding recycling technologies globally should take the research and technologies pioneered by Umicore to establish a sustainable recycling program for end-of-life EVs batteries. Emerging battery technology of Telsa show the most effective designs for high performance batteries includes the use of silicon which is expected to increase capacity of batteries in the future.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제19D권4호
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• pp.281-292
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• 2012

스마트 폰과 같은 모바일 기기에서 동작하는 응용 소프트웨어는 제한된 배터리 용량으로 인하여 안정적인 서비스를 지속적으로 제공하는데 어려움을 갖는다. 과거에는 배터리의 수명을 연장 시키거나 소모전력이 적은 하드웨어 장치들을 개발하는 것으로 모바일 기기의 소모전력을 관리하였다. 그러나 시스템에 탑재되는 소프트웨어가 복잡해짐에 따라 소프트웨어에 대한 소모전력 분석 연구도 관심을 갖게 되었다. 이러한 연구들 중에서 모델 기반의 소모전력 분석은 코드가 개발되기 이전에 미리 소모전력을 분석하고, 분석 결과를 기반으로 소프트웨어를 개발한다는 측면에서 소모전력 감소를 위한 하나의 중요한 전략으로 인식되어 오고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어의 행위 모델인 UML의 상태기계(State Machine) 다이어그램을 이용하는 소모전력 분석 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 분석기법은 상태기계 다이어그램을 페트리 넷으로 변환하고, 이의 시뮬레이션을 통해 소모전력을 예측하게 된다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.237-247
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• 2005

유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크(USN)는 유비쿼터스 환경을 위한 핵심 기술이다. USN은 센서 정보의 도청, 비 정상적인 패킷의 유통, 데이터 위${\cdot}$변조 및 서비스 거부 공격 등과 같은 다양한 공격의 취약성이 존재하며 이에 대한 대책이 요구된다. 특히, USN은 배터리 용량 및 연산능력이 제한된 한정된 자원하에서 운용되어야 하는 제약 사항을 지니고 있다. 이로 인하여 USN 보안 기술은 저 전력 소모 및 최소 연산량을 유지하기 위한 경량화된 설계가 반드시 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 위의 문제를 해결하기 위해 신용모델(trust model)에 기반한 경량화된 USN 상호인증 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 인증 모델은 주관 논리 모델로 표현되는 신용정보를 기초로 하여 센서노드들을 인증하기 때문에 계산량을 줄일 수 있다. 따라서 배터리 소모를 줄일 수 있으며 결과적으로 센서노드의 생존 기간 연장이 가능하다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.436-442
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• 2014

$LaCoO_3$ powders synthesized by Pechini process were pulverized by planetary ball-milling to decrease particle size and characterized as a catalyst in alkaline solution for oxygen reduction and evolution reaction (ORR & OER). The changes of physical properties, such as particle size distribution, surface area and electric conductivity, were analyzed as a function of ball-milling time. Also, the variations of the crystal structure and surface morphology of ball-milled powders were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The electrochemically catalytic activities of the intrinsic $LaCoO_3$ powders decreased with increasing ball-milling time, but their electrochemical performance as an electrode improved by the increase of the surface area of the powder.