• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2004

The use of a gym ball is becoming more popular for dynamic balance exercises. However, little is known about the effects of the dynamic ball exercises in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to compare balance and functional mobility after dynamic balance exercises using a gym ball to reduce the risk factorfor falls. All of the 15 subjects were women between the ages of 68 and 91 (mean age=79.9 yrs, SD=5.87) at anursing home in Wonju. Seven of fifteen subjects were placed in the experimental group and the others in the control group. Three clinical tests were used to determine the degree of balance and functional mobility before beginning the exercise program, after 4 weeks of gym ball exercise, and after 8 weeks of gym ball exercise. These three tests included Timed Up & Go (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Dynamic ball exercises training for 8 weeks (5 days per week) included side stretching, prone walking, bridging, marching and opposite arm and leg lifting. There were significant differences found before the gym ball exercise program began and after 4 weeks and then 8 weeks in the experimental group (p<.05). Significant differences between the groups were shown for TUG and BBS (p<.05). No significant difference was noted between the groups for FIM. Therefore, gym ball exercises can improve dynamic balance and may be recommended to include in a therapeutic program to help the elderly reduce their risk of a fall.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.252-263
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• 2023

Purpose: To assess the feasibility, safety, and preliminary estimates of effectiveness of Tai Chi on the functional outcomes of older adults in the community. Methods: This was a mixed-method study that employed a single-group repeated measure design and in-depth interviews. Nine older adults were recruited from the community were recruited to participate in a Tai Chi program, conducted twice weekly for 6 months. Research outcomes included physical function, cognitive function, and quality of life, measured at intervals of 3 and 6 months. Findings: Tai Chi exercises were gradually conducted based on the health status of the older adults. All participants actively participated in the program with an average attendance of 90%. Consequently, the participants showed significant improvements in mobility and their memory recall ability at both 3 and 6 months. Additionally, the results of the Stroop test exhibited improvement 3 months after the commencement of the study program. Quality of life of the participants improved according to the mild cognitive impairment questionnaire, but it did not show significant improvement in health-related quality of life. Conclusion: The Tai Chi exercise program was a safe and, feasible program to improve the physical function, cognitive function, quality of life among the older adults in the community.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2007

This study was conducted for the purpose of analyzing volunteer workers' perceptions of and attitudes toward the behavior problems of the elderly residents after caring for the residents voluntarily at low-income nursing homes. Eleven male and female volunteers ranging from age 19 to 52 were asked how they felt about the elderly residents' behavior problems and what kind of behavioral problems they had experienced after doing volunteer works in the three chosen facilities. In particular, they were expected to explain what emotional changes they experienced during their volunteer service. In this study, it was observed that most of the elderly subjects experienced three categories of behavior problems: habitual, repetitious and unreasonable activities caused by the elderly residents' life span backgrounds, unexpected and/or abrupt behaviors resulting from gradual cognitive impairments, and physiological, awkward activities caused from gradual senility. The volunteers tend to believe that the elderly residents are naturally expected to act positively, since they have been provided with well- planned, regular care services such as bathing, counseling, activity programs, and religious guidances. On the other hand, some respondents stated that their experiences at the nursing homes caused them to form negative images of the elderly; they feel that the elderly are not helpful for giving advices on critical decisions, guiding and encouraging their daily lives, and offering any positive influences toward their own lives. Rather, they find themselves getting too much stressed as a result of their intimate contacts with demented or senile residents. Overall, in this study, it is proposed that education for confronting sudden abrupt behavior problems should be intensified more for female volunteers, since they tend to be more susceptible to emotional harassment resulting from the problem behaviors. It is also proposed that young volunteers who have not been systematically trained for confronting aggressive behaviors need to be separately assigned their roles in order to minimize the potential of confronting unseemly situations resulting from male residents whose mental health has deteriorated. Furthermore, it is also suggested that the combination of leisure-related activities for healthy residents and stressful intimate services for the frail residents be systematically planned and implanted for the volunteer program so that the volunteers can lessen the chances of suddenly finding themselves confronted with extremely abrupt agitations.

• Architectural research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2011

Profit-keeping behaviors naturally occur in the market to satisfy consumers, and the logic behind it lies in the economies of scale. On the flip side, some commodities transacted in the market are not available or can not be easily acquired unless the demand is high enough. Under this proposition, some consumers rise and find their own solution to meet the services at a reasonable cost or at an adequate level. The commonly adopted way is to establish a cooperative, and it stirs purchasing power by pooling resources and further bargains price and service quality. As a consumer cooperative, housing cooperatives notably found in rural towns enable the elderly to continue independent living. This study is to take a closer look at residential life of the rural elderly in housing cooperatives. Utilizing in-depth focus group interviews with 40 residents in four housing cooperatives, this qualitative research draws main factors affecting the decision to move in, residential assessment, and strengths and weakness of living in a housing cooperative. The primary factor influencing the moving decision is to continue to independent living in a familiar community, and the bottom line is planning ahead. Frailty and bereavement are found to be the leading occasions for them to move. The participants are satisfied with the independent living arrangement, and particularly, cited such features as safety and security, elderly-friendly design, common spaces, freedom, social activities and efficient living. Also, it is stated that some cooperative natures such as control over the property and giving a voice on management render positive impacts on the satisfaction with communal living. In spite of all the benefits and strengths, participants face with a public notion that an independent living arrangement like a housing cooperative has never done before in rural towns, so that most people recognize it as part of dependent living arrangements like nursing home.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.878-888
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• 1996

The main purpose of this study was getting related to the pain charactristic data of elderly. It contains past and present health status, daily living activity level, pain frequency, causes, pain area, pain intensity, pain worse causes, and pain releave causes, pain management methods. The subject were 79 elderly whose age were over 65 years old. They were lived in their home environment. Half of them were resident of middle range city at province and the others were Seoul city. The data was collected from Dec. 1st. 1995 to Jan. 30th. 1996. Interviews were held with semi-structured questionaire after pilot study by researchers. Pain measurement tool were used graphic rating scale and Abstract of Korean Pain Language Scale. To analize the subject's general characteristics, past and present health status, daily living activity level, characteristics about pain, pain management methods statistical SPSS for win frequency were employed. The findings were as follows ; 1. There were 33(41.8%) male and 46(58.2%) female Below 69 year old were 20(25.3%), 70-79 year old were 42(53.2%), over 80 year old were 17(21.5%), mean age was 74(from 65 to 89). 2. Buddhist were 24(30.4%), Christian were 29(36. 7%), the other religious status or non religians were 26 (32.9%). 3. Past good health status were 63(79.7%), not so good status were 6(7.6%). Present good health status were 19(24.1%), moderated health status were 6(7.6%), not so good status were 14(17.7%). 4. Daily living activity limitation were 39(49.4%), nonlimitation of activity were 5(6.3%). 5. Walking limitation were 3(3.8%), nonlimitation walking were 52(65,8%). 6. Insomnia was 23(29.1%), no difficult were 38(48.1%). 7. Chronic pain complaints were 64(81%), diseases causes of pain were 25(31.6%), bad health behavior causes of pain were 27(34.2%). 8. Most pain area were back 30(29.4%), leg 17(16.7%), knee 16(15.7%), arm 13(12.7%), teeth, chest and head were each 5(4.9%), loin, trunk were each 4(3.9%), the other areas were 3(3%). 9. Pain intensity was 3.49(mean) by Korean Language Scale, 6.59(mean) by graphic rating scale. Sensitive pain was 3.5(47.9%), affective pain was 3(20.8%) It was high pain level and sensitive pain. 10. Most pain worse causes moving was 35(44.3%), pain relieving causes rest was 29(36.7%), 11. Pain management method were medication 40(42.1%), physiotherapy 23(24.2%), hospital 12(12.6%), the others 7(7.4%), none 13(13.7%). The conclusion ; Present health status of eldery was not so good. Almost half of them have some diseases. Most common diseases of eldery were arthristis, respitatory and heart problems. Foully nine percent of elderly had limitation of daily living activities. Eighty one percent of eldely had chronic pain. Most of them was back pain (30%). Pain intensity was high(score over 3.5). The worsening pain causes was moving and releiving causes was rest. Pain management method were pain medication, physiotherapy. Therefore, Nursing care plan for the elderly have to focus on pain because majority of elderly have chronic high level of pain related to the arthritis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.4184-4190
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 요양시설 입소노인의 일반적 특성에 따른 스트레스와 생활행동지수를 파악하고자 한다. 연구대상은 서울시 N구에 거주하는 입소노인과 강원도 횡성군 S면 거주하는 입소노인 110명 대상으로 2013년 5월 1일부터 9월30일까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS/WIN 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 t-test, 상관분석, 다중회귀분석방법 등을 실시하였고, 실증분석은 유의수준 5%에서 검증하였다. 분석결과는 첫째, 입소 증후군은 일상적 스트레스의 가족왕래부족 스트레스와 정의 상관이 있었다. 둘째, 우울증상은 일상적 스트레스의 개인시공간부족, 가족왕래부족 스트레스와 정의 상관이 있었다. 셋째, 체중조절은 일상적 스트레스의 개인시공간부족 스트레스와만 정의 상관이 있었으며, 영양결핍증상은 일상적 스트레스의 가족왕래부족 스트레스와만 정의 상관이 있었다. 본 연구의 시사점은 입소노인의 일반적 특성에 따른 스트레스와 생활행동지수 정책의 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1999

장 노년층 인구증가에 따른 건강문제의 다양화, 주민의 건강 요구증가에 부응하기 위해서는 기존의 의료기관 중심의 진료서비스 만으로는 새로운 건강문제를 충분히 해결할 수 없으므로 새로운 보건의료 제공 체계가 도입 되기에 이르렀다. 이미 선진국에서는 오랜 역사를 갖고 있는 가정간호사제도가 우리 나라에서도 입법화되어 1994년부터 병원중심의 가정간호사업이 시범적으로 운영되고 있다. 본 연구는 농촌지역의 중소병원에서 실시하고있는 가정간호사업소에 등록되어 있는 환자의 방문비용을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 실시되었으며, 1996년 5월 - 1997년 4월(1년간)까지 등록된 102명의 진료기록부를 분석하였다. 자료 분석 방법은 수준을 파악하기 위하여 평균과 분포로 분석하였으며 변수간의 차이점 등은 t - test와 ANOVA로 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 등록환자의 일반적 특성은 남자가 44.1%, 여자가 55.9%로서 여자가 높았으며 연령은 60세 이상이 73.5%로서 노인 환자가 많았다. 둘째, 골다공증이 등록환자의 35.3%로서 제일 높았으며 각종 암이 21.6%, 뇌졸중이 14.7%로 나타나 연령과 관계가 깊은 것으로 나타났다. 질환특성은 복합질환, 즉 한가지 이상의 증상, 혹은 질환을 함께 갖고있는 경우가 73.5%로서 단순질환 26.5% 보다 높았다. 셋째, 남자 환자의 방문당 평균비용이 47,764원으로서 여자 환자의 46,078원 보다 높았다. 연령별로는 연령이 높아질수록 방문당 평균비용이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 성별과 연령별 비용은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 질환 특성별 비용은 단순질환이 복합 질환보다 방문당비용이 약간 높았으나 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 질환별로는 COPD, 각종 암, 당뇨, 골다공증의 순으로 방문비용이 높게 나타났다. 다섯째, 가정간호의 방문비용이 질환으로 병원에서 치료받을 경우 보다 적게 나타나 비용효율이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 제한된 자료를 분석한 것이므로 결과를 일반화시키는데 신중을 기할 필요가 있다. 그러나 가정간호사제도가 향후 정착되기 위해서는 가정간호 대상질환의 선정, 서비스내용 및 질, 비용효율 및 효과에 대한 평가가 계속 실시될 것을 제안한다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of indoor horseback-riding machine(SLIM $RIDER^{(R)}$) exercise on balance of the elderly with dementia. Methods : Subjects over 65 years of age in the nursing home were divided into three groups : Alzheimer's dementia group(n=7), vascular dementia group(n=6), and general elderly group(n=6). All groups(n=19) practiced indoor horseback-riding machine exercise for 20 min a day, three days a week during 6 weeks, and their balance were evaluated at before and 2, 4, 6 weeks after intervention, using the BPM. The level of statistical significance was .05. Results : After the 4weeks indoor horseback-riding machine exercise, balance was significantly increased in the all groups(p<.05). Conclusion : Indoor Horseback-riding machine exercise had a positive effect on subjects' balance.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.776-790
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• 2000

Every year the number of the elderly increases in Korea thanks to the improvemen of social and economical levels and the development of medicine. However, many problems such as insufficent care and the isolation of the elderly have been commonplace. This trend exists not only because of increased lifespan but also the changing social structure of the nuclear family. Accordingly, inspite of the development of medicine, geriatric diseases including circulatory diseases are increasing in proportion of elderly population, as well as the severity. Therefore, it is important to emphasize that health care programs provide the best possible health care and functional capacities in terms of healthy elderly lifestyles. Especially, the phenomena of aging and geriatric diseases taking place with the elderly naturally are affected by lifestyle and the drastic changes in exercise patterns. This study aims to improve geriatric health by introducing a rhythmic movement program for the elderly to estabilish a health-promoting self-care system and by developing quality of life, perceived health status, their physical and physiological functions and emotional state. The theoretical framework used in this dissertation is derived from the Health-Promoting Self-Care System Model (Simmons, 1990), which integrates the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (Orem, 1985), the interaction model of Client Health Behavior (Cox, 1982) and the Health Promotion Model (Pender, 1987). As a quasi-experimental design, the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design is utilized for this study. The subjects of this study consist of 64 people, over 65 years old who live in 2 nursing homes for the aged located in S city , Kyong-gi province and volunteered for this study from July, 12, 1999 to September, 17, 1999. They are divided into two groups：33 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group. The experimental group particpated in the Rhythmic Movement Program at the nursing home, which was comprised of 45 minutes a session, 5 sessions a week during 9 weeks. In order to measure the results of the Rhythmic Movement Program, aspects of perceived health status, balance, flexibility, grip strength, leg strength, heart rate, blood pressure, depression, anxiety and the quality of life were measured before and after participating in the Rhythimic Movement Program for the experimental group after 9 weeks, as well as the control group. The collected data were processed by SPSS PC+ and analyzed by the X2 test, t-test, ANCOVA and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The perceived health status conditions in the experimental group show statistically significant improvement when compared to the control group (F=17.51, p=.000). 2. The physical and physiological functions, that is, balance (F=17.51, p=.000), flexibility (F=8.01, p=.006), grip strength (F=3.21, p=.018) and leg strength (F=25.78, p=.000) in the experimental group are higher than the control group. The vital signs, that is, the number of heart rate (F=.022, p=.884), systolic pressure (F=1.73 p=.193), and diastolic pressure (F=2.74, p=.103) in the experimental group compared to the control group decreased, but doesn't show statistically significant differences. Immune responses (F=5.13, p=.003) showed statistically significant increases in the experimental group when compared to the control group. 3. The emotional state are improved, that is, degree of depression (F=11.56, p=.001) and degree of anxiety (F=9.14, p=.004) in the experimental group showed statistically significant decreases. 4. The quality of life in the experimental group (F=3.03, p=.037) showed statistically significant differences compared to the control group. 5. The observations of the relationships among the perceived health status, emotional state , the quality of life, the relationships between the perceived health status, the degree of depression (r=-.653, p=.000) and the degree of anxiety (r=-.786, p=.000) were in contrary propotions, while the relationships between the perceived health status and the quality of life (r=.234, p=.008) were in direct propotion. In conclusion, the Rhythmic Movement Program used in this study for geriatric nursing care is simple and safe for application to the elderly and shows significant effects by implementing 5 sessions a week for 9 weeks. The Rhythmic Movement Program improves the quality of life, maintains as well as improves the physical and physiological fuctions and emotional state, therefore this program is strongly recommended for positive applications for independant geriatric nursing health care.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.794-806
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• 2020

본 연구는 만65세 이상 노인의 자아통합현상을 심층적으로 이해하고 기술하기 위해 시도되었다. 자료는 2020년 6월부터 7월까지 반구조화된 질문을 통한 심층면담으로 수집되었다. 자료는 현상학적 연구의 분석방법 중 Colaizzi 방법으로 분석하였다. 모든 인터뷰는 분석을 위하여 녹취하여 필사하였다. 분석을 통하여 309개의 중요한 진술이 추출되었고, 88개의 의미형성, 53개의 주제, 16개의 주제묶음, 5개의 범주가 도출되었다. 범주와 주제묶음은 다음과 같다 : '지난 생애를 흐뭇하게 되돌아봄'('생애주기에 따른 보람', '책임을 다함으로 이룩함', '특별하고 감사하게 성취됨'), '씁쓸한 지난날로 인해 지금 외롭고 괴로움'('신체의 건강과 심리사회적 욕구가 충족되지 않음', '부모와 자녀를 위한 선택을 잘하지 못함', '노후생활이 녹록치 않음'), '고단하고 어려운 삶의 여정을 잘 견뎌낸 만족감'('직장과 가정에서 수고한 것을 보상 받음', '견디고 극복함으로 문제가 해결됨', '지난날의 습관에서 벗어나 노년을 건강하게 살고 있음'), '노년기 삶의 방법을 터득하여 살아감'('지금이 제일 뿌듯하고 좋을 때임', '노년에 자기관리 함', '늦었으나 열정적으로 살기', '충만한 마음으로 생활전선에서 물러남'), '마지막 때를 아름답게 마무리함'('노년에 대한 바램', '임종을 맞이했을 때의 희망', '죽음이 다가왔을 때의 모습과 감정')이었다. 자아통합현상은 과거의 아쉬움이나 어려움을 회상함으로써 인생의 의미를 통찰하게 되고, 이런 회상을 통해서 남은 생애를 위해 긍정적이며 초월적인 희망을 가지게 됨이 관찰되었다. 노인의 자아통합은 주관적이며 역동성이 있고, 연속적이기보다는 동시에 일어나는 것으로 보였다. 나이와 경험의 형태를 고려하여 다양한 간호중재를 개발할 것을 추천한다.