• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.70 no.6
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• pp.737-750
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• 2019

This paper investigates the static and dynamic behaviors of imperfect single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) modeled as a beam structure by using energy-equivalent model (EEM), for the first time. Based on EEM Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio for zigzag (n, 0), and armchair (n, n) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are presented as functions of orientation and force constants. Nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli assumptions are proposed considering mid-plane stretching to exhibit a large deformation and a small strain. To simulate the interaction of CNTs with the surrounding elastic medium, nonlinear elastic foundation with cubic nonlinearity and shearing layer are employed. The equation governed the motion of curved CNTs is a nonlinear integropartial-differential equation. It is derived in terms of only the lateral displacement. The nonlinear integro-differential equation that governs the buckling of CNT is numerically solved using the differential integral quadrature method (DIQM) and Newton's method. The linear vibration problem around the static configurations is discretized using DIQM and then is solved as a linear eigenvalue problem. Numerical results are depicted to illustrate the influence of chirality angle and imperfection amplitude on static response, buckling load and dynamic behaviors of armchair and zigzag CNTs. Both, clamped-clamped (C-C) and simply supported (SS-SS) boundary conditions are examined. This model is helpful especially in mechanical design of NEMS manufactured from CNTs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.117-119
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• 2002

In this paper, the geometry effectiveness and contact modes as functions of real contact length on a cap ring have been analyzed for high pressure sealing mechanism in reciprocating actuator. The reaction force and elastic strain energy density are very important parameters for analyzing the sealing performance of an ACGT ring seal. For the high pressure of 800bar and the maximum speed of 3m/s, the main piston is reciprocating along the linear line against the cylinder wall. The computed results indicate that the length ratio of a cap ring is more influential design parameter compared to that of the tribological contact mode. Thus, this paper recommends the discrete contact area rather than a conventional flat contact model. Especially, the sealing capacity is more improved when the length ratio of a cap ring is below 0.625.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2003

It is well Down that the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a transition metal catalyst is greatly enhanced in a nitrogen environment. We show here that the enhanced growth is closely related to the activated nitrogen and it's incorporation into the CNT wall and cap during growth. This behavior is consistent with theoretical calculations of CNx thin films, showing that nitrogen incorporation to the graphitic basal plane reduces the elastic strain energy for curving the graphitic layer. Enhanced CNT growth by nitrogen incorporation is thus due to a decrease in the activation energies required for nucleation and growth of the tubular graphitic layer.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 1996

Prediction of fatigue life and monitoring of fracture process for adhesively bonded CFRP composites joint have been investigated by analysis of acoustic emission signals during the fatigue and tension tests. During fatigue test, generated acoustic emission is related to stored elastic strain energy. By results of monitoring of AE event rate, fatigue process could be divided into two regions, and boundaries of two regions, fatigue cycles of the initiation of fast crack growth, were 70-80% of fatigue life even though the fatigue life were highly scattered from specimen to specimen. The result shows the possibility of predicting catastrophic failure by acoustic emission monitoring.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.617-624
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• 2002

An equation of J-integral for a penny-shaped crack at the end of the fiber embedded in rubber matrix is proposed. The values of J-integral for the specimens with various crack and specimen radius are obtained by FEA(Finite Element Analysis). The dimensional analysis is applied to derive an equation of J-integral as a nonlinear elastic energy release rate. The geometry and deformation calibration function in an equation of J can be expressed in a separated form. The geometry calibration function characterizing the effects of cord and specimen size is expressed in a polynomial form of fourth order. The deformation calibration function characterizes the effect of the overall level of strain. As approaching the infinitesimal strain, the value of the deformation calibration function approaches the results of LEFM(Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics).

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.363-375
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• 2015

This research investigated the effects of diameter and material of energy frame on the impact velocity or strain rate of Strain Energy Frame Impact Machine (SEFIM). The impact speed of SEFIM have been clearly affected by changing the diameter and material of the energy frame. The reduced diameter of the energy frame clearly increased the impact velocity owing to the higher strain at the moment of coupler breakage. And, titanium alloy energy frame produced the fastest speed of impact among three materials including steel, aluminum and titanium alloys because titanium alloy has faster wave velocity than steel. But, aluminium energy frame was broken during impact tests. In addition, the tensile stress versus strain response of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites at higher and wider strain rates between 10 and 72 /sec was successfully obtained by using four different energy frames.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.609-615
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• 2017

In this paper, the effects of elevated temperatures on the strength and compressive stress-strain curve (SSC) of recycled coarse aggregate concrete with different replacement percentages are presented. 90 recycled coarse aggregate concrete prisms are heated up to 20, 200, 400, 600, $800^{\circ}C$. The results show that the compressive strength, split tensile strength, elastic modulus of recycled aggregate concrete specimens decline significantly as the temperature rise. While the peak strain increase of recycled aggregate concrete specimens as the temperature rise. Compared to the experimental curves, the proposed stress-strain relations for recycled aggregate concrete after exposure elevated temperatures can be used in practical engineering applications.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2018

In this paper the strain energy density (SED) model is used to analyze the seismic behavior of suspen-domes and a new criterion is established for judging the seismic failure based on a characteristic point in the SED model. Firstly, a nonlinear time-history response analysis was carried out using the finite-element package ANSYS for typical suspen-domes subjected to different ground motions. The seismic responses including nodal displacements, ratios of yielding members, strain energy density and structural maximum deformation energy were extracted corresponding to the increasing peak ground acceleration (A). Secondly, the SED sum ($I_d$) was calculated which revealed that the $I_d-A$ curve exhibited a relatively large change (called a characteristic point) at a certain value of A with a very small load increment after the structures entered the elastic-plastic state. Thirdly, a SED criterion is proposed to judge the seismic failure load based on the characteristic point. Subsequently, the case study verifies the characteristic point and the proposed SED criterion. Finally, this paper describes the unity and application of the SED criterion. The SED method may open a new way for structural appraisal and the SED criterion might give a unified criterion for predicting the failure loads of various structures subjected to dynamic loads.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2020

The evaluation of the compression behavior of the cushioning material is of importance to achieve appropriate packaging design. In order to change packaging design from polymeric-based to more eco-friendly cellulose-based nire effectively, comparative study on the compression behavior between these two packaging materials is crucial. In this study, the stress-strain behavior, hysteresis loss, and response characteristics for cyclic loading were analyzed through compression tests on multi-layered corrugated structure (MLCS) and expanded polystyrene (EPS) packaging materials. MLCS produced in Korea is produced by winding a certain number of single-faced corrugated paperboard, and the compression behavior of this material was turned out to be 6 stages: elastic stage, first buckling stage, sub-buckling stage, densification stage, last buckling stage and high densification stage. On the other hand, EPS's compression behavior was in 3 stages: linear elastic stage, collapse plateau, and densification stage. The strain energy per unit volume (strain energy density) of MLCS did not differ depending on the material thickness, but it showed a clear difference depending on the raw material and flute type. Hysteresis loss of MLCS ranged from 0.90 to 0.93, and there were no significant differences in the raw material and flute type. These values were about 5 to 20% greater than the hysteresis of the EPS (about 0.78 to 0.87).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.551-565
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• 2017

Based on the strain gradient theory (SGT), vibration analysis of an embedded micro cylindrical shell reinforced with agglomerated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is investigated. The elastic medium is simulated by the orthotropic Pasternak foundation. The structure is subjected to magnetic field in the axial direction. For obtaining the equivalent material properties of structure and considering agglomeration effects, the Mori-Tanaka model is applied. The motion equations are derived on the basis of Mindlin cylindrical shell theory, energy method and Hamilton's principal. Differential quadrature method (DQM) is proposed to evaluate the frequency of system for different boundary conditions. The effects of different parameters such as CNTs volume percent, agglomeration of CNTs, elastic medium, magnetic field, boundary conditions, length to radius ratio and small scale parameter are shown on the frequency of the structure. The results indicate that the effect of CNTs agglomeration plays an important role in the frequency of system so that considering agglomeration leads to lower frequency. Furthermore, the frequency of structure increases with enhancing the small scale parameter.