• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2005

본 논문은 수학에서 수학사와 수학철학이 가지는 기능과 역할을 소개하려는데 있다. 역사적인 예들을 통하여 수학사와 수학철학은 수학을 이해하고 평가하는 기능과 실제로 수학을 형성하는 역할을 함을 보인다

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2015

The Bavarian town of Regensburg was a library travel destination during the European Enlightenment. With at least 26 collections, the number and variety of its private, governmental, school, and religious libraries rivaled that of much larger cities and figured in the bibliographic travel accounts of Johann Keyssler, Christoph Nicolai, Carl Oelrichs, Filippo Argellati, Georg Zapf, Friedrich Hirsching, Adalbert Blumenschein, and many others. The first-hand descriptions of these repositories are unique primary sources for the study of library history. Having been accessible to researchers largely in published forms, many were designed to serve as bibliographic aids for informing scholars about the locations of specialized subject collections and some individual works. The journals, letters, guidebooks, and texts also reflected the evolving scholarly and scientific nature of their cultural period. Overall, this case study of Regensburg’s libraries illustrates the particular value of contemporary travel literature.

• 고전문학과교육
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• 제15호
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• pp.245-264
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• 2008

This study considers Huewa悔窩 Anjung-gwan安重觀's self-consciousness and the recognition of the world. Anjung-gwan resents that fact that Qing淸 rules over China. He insists that Chosun朝鮮 must remain faithful to Ming明. But Chosun served Qing in those days. He holds strongly to his belief until his death. So he chooses living in retirement in his life. In Anjung-gwan's poems, we can see that a certain circle of Chosun Confucianists believe in Sojunghwa小中華, which is small-Sinocentrism. In the first half of the eighteenth-century, some Chosun Confucianists feel sad about the situation that stops them from realizing their ideals. But they take pride in natural beauty and configuration of Chosun. And they pay attention to the life of Chosun masses. They recognize Chosun, which is Hwa華, has to keep self-respect to the last.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-82
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• 2021

This article examines the urban example of Batu Sawar which served as the capital of the Johor kingdom between 1587 and circa 1615. Around the middle of the eighteenth-century European reference works continued to describe Batu Sawar as the capital of Johor, even though the city had long ceased to serve as a trading center, let alone as Johor's capital, and probably no longer existed. Such observations raise the question of urban impermanence-the transience of sizeable settlements with reference to the Malay Archipelago. Two overarching questions form the backbone of the investigation: First, why did Batu Sawar rise as a regional trading center, and second, what are the reasons that contributed to its decline? Batu Sawar's fate was sealed by a combination of factors that included poor defenses, multiple external shocks, destruction by fire, court politics and rivalry between the early colonial powers.

• 중국학논총
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• 제61호
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• pp.127-153
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• 2019

In this article, I singled out the examples of punishment and compensation seen in Liaozhaizhiyi which is an eighteenth century collection of short stories, and reconstructed the viewpoint of Chinese fortune and misfortune and furthermore presented the cultural meanings that this viewpoint has. The traits of Chinese culture seen in Liaozhaizhiyi are classified as follows: ① Only after carrying on a family line by birth of son(s), a happy conclusion can be made. ② AMain character passes state exam or alternatively his son(s) passes them. ③ Beautiful women / women given as reward have special abilities and talents. ④ Mostly, punishment and Compensation are made on a family basis, not on an individual basis. ⑤ Misfortune derives from a main character's desire; fortune from his sacrifice. ⑥ Norm and criteria for the punishment and compensation are based on confucianism but the procedure of the execution is based on taoism, buddhism, transcendent being and rules of folk religions.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2017

이 연구는 손 드로잉의 역사적 변천 과정을 혼성화의 관점으로 해석하여 손 드로잉에 내재되어 있었던 창조적 성격을 발견하고자 한다. 조경 드로잉은 과학적 도구성과 예술적 상상성이라는 호환 가능하고, 상대적인 두 특성을 지니고 있고, 그러한 특성은 투사, 퍼스펙티브 뷰, 다이어그램이라는 구체적 드로잉 유형으로 구현되어 왔다. 하지만 드로잉 유형은 뚜렷이 구별된다기보다 오히려 상호 보완적으로 혼성화되면서 설계 경관에 대한 비전을 시각화해 왔다. 특히, 땅과 건축물을 그린 플랜에서 식물 소재는 퍼스펙티브 뷰나 엘리베이션으로 그려내는 플라노메트릭 기법이 이용되었다. 물론, 특정 지역과 시기에 특정 정원 양식에 적합한 드로잉 유형이 등장하고, 때때로 우세하는 방식으로 나타났다. 16세기 이탈리아 르네상스 정원과 17세기 프랑스 정형식 정원 설계에는 투사 드로잉이, 18세기에서 19세기 초 영국 풍경화식 정원 드로잉에서는 회화적 묘사가 강조된 퍼스펙티브 뷰가 중요했고, 19세기 중후반 미국 조경 설계에서는 공모전 드로잉, 사진, 맵 오버레이 등 용도에 따른 드로잉의 분화가, 20세기 초중반 미국의 모더니스트는 설계 전략을 시각화하기 위해 다이어그램을 이용하기 시작했다. 하지만 이러한 변천 과정에서, 플라노메트릭은 땅의 평면적 구성과 식재의 정면적 시각을 동시에 고려하는 조경 설계에 적절한 혼성적 시각화 기법으로 빈번히 활용되었다. 19세기 중엽에 탑뷰가 플라노메트릭을 대체하고, 20세기 들어 식재의 회화적 특성이 소거된 채 기호로 표준화되면서, 손 드로잉에서 상상적인 테크닉보다 도구적인 시각화 방식이 점차 일반화되었다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to examine closely the aesthetic characteristics featured in dandy's costume. Dandy was term used on for a man excessively fond of and overly concerned with clothes, exemplified by Beau Brummell, Lord Byron, and count d'Orsay, who greatly in gluenced men's fashions in England and France. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century George Brummell, the prototype of the dandy, made upper-class English country clothes, especially riding clothes, into the height of men's fashion in the city. In the early 1800s the alterations he made, particularly with regard to fit and cut, established these as the critical signifiers in men's dress. Brummell's style, particularly for day, was essentially restrained and disciplined, and set a standard for sober discretion, appropriateness and taste which governed men's clothing until well into the twentieth century. The aesthetic characteristics expressed in dandy's dress are the aristocratic superiority of mind, the restrained beauty in absolute simplicity, and the pursuit of the individual beauty. Brummell's kind of dandyism instigated the idea of establishing a new kind of aritocracy, an aritocracy based on talent. Over the years this kind of cultural and social coup has been played out in different ways but has remained, like the twentieth-century concept of the avant-garde, a fundamentally male preserve. He advocated unobtrusive darkblue fitted coats, cream-colored trousers, elaborately tied cravats, absence of showy fabrics or excessive decoration, and impeccable grooming. The status of the perfectly tied cravat as the hallmark of genteel elegance, as the last keystone of Fashion's arch, had been established by Beau Brummell.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2023

Haeju was home to the Hwanghae-do Provincial Office and a hub for supporting the northwestern regions of Korea. Local commerce expanded in Haeju during the late Joseon period based on its abundant resources and regional products, leading it to evolve into a large city. King Seonjo temporarily resided in Haeju while seeking refuge from the Japanese Invasions of Korea, and Yi Yi (sobriquet: Yulgok) secluded himself in Seokdam in Haeju in his later years. King Seonjo's residence in Haeju and Yi Yi's retirement there boosted interest in the city among the literati and influenced its places of scenic beauty. The development of its local history and literary achievements were documented in a wide variety of historical records and visual materials. Eight scenic views in Haeju became famous through a poem written by Seong Su-ik in the late sixteenth century. Around the mid-eighteenth century, eight new scenic views became popular. Local officials and travelers from other regions produced a vast body of prose and poetry focusing on the landscape and society of Haeju, playing a crucial role in raising awareness of its scenic attractions. Most surviving visual materials related to Haeju were created in and after the nineteenth century. Many of them illustrate both landscapes and the everyday lives of people. Among them, paintings of scenic spots created by Jeong Seon (sobriquet: Gyeomjae), who never actually visited Haeju in person, raises some of the issues posed by relying on indirect materials. In contrast, Eight Scenic Views of Haeju, which is presumed to have been produced by a local painter, appears to have accurately highlighted the characteristics of each scenic spot. Moreover, Haejudo, a folding screen presenting a panoramic view of Haeju, incorporates content from paintings depicting eight scenic views, in this case Eight Scenic views of Haeju. This practice can be observed in visual materials of other provincial cities.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.165-183
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• 2010

유럽인이 제작한 동아시아 지도를 이해하기 위해서는 700년 이상 지도상에 존재한 곡과 마곡의 이해가 필수적이다. 곡과 마곡은 종말의 민족으로 성경과 문학서에 표현되어 있는데, 곡과 마곡은 중세지도와 초기근대지도의 연구에 있어서 반드시 고려해야할 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 서양고지도에 나타난 곡과 마곡의 표현 방법을 유형화하였다. 이를 위해 위치와 지칭 대상에 의해 여섯 가지 유형으로 지도를 분류하였고 지도학적 맥락에서 곡과 마곡의 표현을 논의하였다. 14세기까지의 지도들은 알렉산더에 의해 카스피 해 근처에 갇혀있는 적으로 곡과 마곡을 표현했으나, 15세기부터는 갇힌 유대인으로 표현한 지도들이 나타났다. 그리고 16세기부터는 동북아시이에 아마곡이나 웅과 몽골로 표기되었으며, 17세기 중반에는 프랑스 지도학자들에 의해 동시베리아의 타타르 지역으로 표현되었다. 그러나 18세기에는 지리정보의 확충으로 인해 지도상에서 완전히 사라진다. 지도의 내용은 지도제작자가 성경에 관점을 두느냐 아니면 대중적인 이야기에 초점을 두느냐에 따라 달라지지만, 전반적으로 곡과 마곡은 성경이 아닌 민간의 전승에 초점을 두고 표현되었으며, 유럽공동제의 타자 표현의 한 수단이 되었다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.3-29
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• 2008

Ian Watt, author of The Rise of the Novel, maintained that the novel originated in modern England, came from prose discourses such as the news, political essays and journalistic writing which propagated the Enlightenment, and the novels represent formal realism. The main point of this paper is to examine Watt's theory of the rise of the novel on the basis of the criticism of antinomy of the Enlightenment and "the public sphere" in Habermas' terms. At first, I will criticize formal realism, which is not a new literary species, but a formally renovated realistic form that represented capitalism and protestantism. And, then, I will show that formal realism is a kind of antinomy because it turned away from the voices and reality of the low-class and women though the novel concentrated on common people, not the aristocrats. Secondly, I will inquire into the antinomy of the Enlightenment in the aspects of reason, freedom, individualism and women. In my view, as soon as the high-middle class acquired their political rights, these values were no more encouraged and the result revealed antinomy of the Enlightenment more explicitly. Thirdly, I'd argue that "the public sphere" had positive meanings to everyone when the bourgeosie were fighting against the Absolutism and the aristocracy. I'll also insist that the high-middle class and the intellectuals were in "the public sphere" in which Habermas argues that rationality and equality were thought to have been realized, while the low-middle class and most women were de-enlightened and disciplined by reading the novel privately. In conclusion, formal realism is not the rise of the novel, but the opening of the novel peculiar to bourgeosie parliamentarism from the middle-eighteenth century to the middle-twentieth century.