• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2014

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate reliability of questionnaire when self reporting questionnaire created by Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine was applied to Vietnamese. Methods This study began to collect 135 Vietnamese patients questionnaires collaborated with National Hospital of Traditional Medicine located in Hanoi, Vietnam from March to August 2013. All participants for this study filled out the questionnaires respectively. After initial survey finished, additional survey was performed on the same questionnaires used at the beginning eight weeks later. In order to evaluate internal coherence in terms of questionnaires of classification, Cronbach's alpha and Cohen's kappa was measured. Results After analysis of 78 questions collected, less than 0.4 in Kappa was achieved by 21(26.9%) out of 78 questions, 0.4 to 0.75 Kappa by 49(62.8%) and 0.75 over in 5(6.5%) questions, respectively. More than 0.6 Cronbach's alpha was defined from 41 out of 78 questions connected with internal coherence of character, digestion, perspiration, excrement, urine, cold and heat. Conclusions The questionnaire has credibility according to values of Kappa and Cronbach's alpha. Therefore, Sasang Constitution questionnaire can be applied to Sasang Diagnosis. In order to increase usefulness, questions in questionnaire should be revised and validity study must be performed afterwards.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-61
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• 2007

Objective : By examining EEG status in Korean Traditional Medicine (KTM) from the viewpoint of 'form-qi theory(形氣論)', We wish to prepare for the fundamentals of applicability of KTM diagnoses to EEG. In addition, through reinterpretation of existing Western Medicine reports from the viewpoint of KTM, We tried to find out interrelationship between them. Method : In this paper, a methodology applicable to KTM diagnoses of EEG is presented from the EEG features in waveform characteristics, personalized diversity, and cognitive activity reflection. Results : Frequency bands are assigned to corresponding one of the eight trigrams in terms of yin/yang balance, which is analogous with EEG spectrum analysis mostly used in EEG quantification. The amplitude ratio of each EEG for each frequency band gives meaningful index numbers which can be used in EEG data interpretation, and every index number is named after the sixty four hexagrams. These approaches are adopted through both '4-band classification system and '6-band classification system', and applied to pre-existing reported EEG data obtained from normal adults. These analyses show that changes and distribution pattern in the index numbers are observed as a whole on both left-right line and front-back line connecting EEG measurement cephalic electrodes. And differences in distribution pattern of three index numbers deduced from '6-band classification system' are discussed according to constitution. Conclusion : The index numbers introduced here, which are the spectral power ratio for each EEG, are based on KTM yin/yang balance. These index numbers vary according to cephalic location, so its application in terms of traditional meridian theory is strongly expected. The index number distribution also shows different patterns according to constitution.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

Subject : Kim hong-kyung(金洪卿)'s view of eight extra meridians Object : Kim hong-kyung has not only deeply studied Saam acupuncture but also the function and characteristics of extra meridian at the same time. Especially, he has tried the study to connect yin yang wei qiao mai(陰陽維蹻脈) with Lee je-ma(李濟馬)'s four trigram constitution theory, therefore the author felt the need to make public the theory and started reserch on the theory. Method : I researched the physiological properties of extra meridians through the past eastern medical literature, I reported on the types of people to show well the properties of extra meridians gathering Kum-oh's verbal explanation when I had classes from him. Result : Kum-oh Kim hong-kyung defined meridians as passways of consciousness and feeling, he interpreted 12 meridians and extra meridians with the view of mind, which has very important meanings in the history of acupuncture in the point of first trial to interpret meridians from this view. He explained Ren mai(任脈) and Du mai(督脈) are meridians which show clearly properties of yin-yang to appear trusts of affirmation and distrusts of denial in the mind, as Ren(任) means entrusting and Du(督) means supervising in English. He explained Chong mai(衝脈) is the meridian representing impulsive man that has a meaning of impulse as being suggested the name of Chong mai, because Chong mai is borrowed from Foot shao yin kidney meridian(足少陰腎經). Dai mai(帶脈) is the meridian representing the characteristics of woman that has a meaning of binding as being suggested from the name of Dai mai which acts when people have something on their flank or they are pregnant, because Dai mai borrowed from Foot shao yang gall bladder meridian. He thought that four trigram divided from yin and yang is innate trigram, so Yang wei mai(陽維脈), Yin wei mai(陰維脈), Yang qiao mai(陽蹻脈), Yin qiao mai(陰蹻脈) among extra meridians have connections with Tai-yang ren(太陽人), Tai-yin ren(太陰人), Shao-yin ren(少陰人), Shao-yang ren(少陽人) of Four trigram constitution theory respectively which was created by Lee je-ma. He explained yang means opponents and wei(維) means binding. Yang wei mai is the meridian to be active when opponents bind or intervene in you, also the meridian is well active to the people who easily criticize others who are rude, to the people who well refuse restraints from organization. Because he explained yin means me and wei(維) means binding. Yin wei mai is the meridian to be active when I bind and intervene in opponents. He also state that the meridian is easily active to the people who have a tendency to gather people and make party apparatus by nature. He explained Yang qiao mai is the meridian to be active in the situation that people are waiting for others to bridge gap because yang means opponents and qiao(蹻) which has a meaning of standing on one's tiptoes means bridging gap between people. He also state the meridian is easily active to Shao yin ren who has a tendency to be passive, to easily settle down and not to move by nature. He explained Yin qiao mai is the meridian to be active in the situation that I bridge gap between me and others to make friends, because yin means me and qiao(蹻) which has a meaning of standing on one's tiptoes means bridging gap between me and others. He also state the meridian is easily active to Shao yang ren who is active in every business and who has remarkable ability to make friends. Conclusion : Kim hong-kyung stated the physiological properties of extra meridians as below. Ren mai is the meridian representing positive confidence which is easily active when people have a mind to trust others, Du mai is the meridian representing negative distrust which is easily active when people have doubts. Chong mai is the meridian representing the characteristics of man that has impulsive characteristics. Dai mai is the meridian representing the characteristics of woman to be easily active when she is pregnant. Yang wei mai has close connections with Tai-yang ren who has a tendency to refuse restraints from others and to criticize on opponent's remarks and behaviors that are wrong. Yin wei mai has close connections with Tai-yin ren, as the meridian is active in the situation that people enjoy restraining and intervening in others. Yang qiao mai has close connections with Shao yin ren, as the meridian is active to the people who are negative and passive by nature. Yin qiao mai has close connections with Shao yang yin who has a strong tendency to make friends easily by nature.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2021

In order to ensure the fact that eight principle pattern differentiation is used clinically as a basic guideline for Korean medicine practice, the definition, role and method of yin-yang pattern differentiation with its case report were explored at first. Yinyang Pattern Differentiation is a method of discriminating human tendencies or morbidity based on the yin and yang characteristics expressed in living bodies. And yin and yang are the two contrasting characteristics and aspects of the interaction when certain physical conditions that have a lasting effect on the human physiological metabolic function are correlated with the morbidity. Specific methods of yinyang pattern differentiation can be divided into several types of yin and yang indicators. First, time and space factors like day and night, hot and cold seasons, above and below, topographical districts. Second, colors and pulse and their/or relative clearness and muddiness, hardness and softness, moving and resting. Third, diagnose yin and yang patterns through distinguishing the true and false of a fever and cold in an emergency phase such as increase of brain pressure and shock state. Fourth, general characteristics of the propensity and constitution of a subject such as body type, speech, behavior, and physiological metabolism. And for clinical use, these were summarized again as a symptom indicators of physical signs and color, pulse, tongue and questionnaire indicators of propensity, body type, and space-time characteristics. Conclusively, it was confirmed that yinyang pattern differentiation has its own diagnostic significance which is distinct from exterior-interior, cold-heat and deficiency-excess pattern differentiation.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2013

한국 여성 20세부터 70세 사이 214명의 체질을 분석한 결과 목양(Hepatonia) 16.8%, 목음(Cholecystonia) 2.3%, 토양(Pancreotonia) 58.9%, 금양(Pulmotonia) 5.1%, 그리고 금음체질(colonotonia)은 16.8% 이었으며 토음(Gastrotonia), 수양(Renotonia) 및 수음 (Vesicotonia) 체질을 지닌 피험자는 없었다. 체질별 신체적 특성은 목체질군 (목양, 목음)이 금체질군 (금양, 금음)에 비해 체중과 BMI가 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.05), 토양체질은 목체질과 금체질의 중간적 특징을 나타내었다. 에너지 섭취수준은 체질별 차이가 없었으며 지방 섭취량은 체질 간 유의적인 차이를 나타내는데 목음 체질이 가장 높았고, 금양 체질이 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 이들 영양소 섭취량을 에너지 섭취수준에 대한 비율로 산출하였을 때 탄수화물 및 지방 섭취 비율이 체질 군 간 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 공복 혈당 및 인슐린 농도는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 금양체질에서 상대적으로 높았다. 혈중 지질 농도를 비교해 보면 목음 체질의 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤 및 LDL-C 농도는 금양 체질에 비해 각각 153.44%, 126.87%, 그리고 131.99% 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 본 결과로부터 영양소 섭취 수준과 건강상태를 살펴보았을 때, 칼로리 섭취량, 단백질 및 지방섭취량이 높은 목음 체질은 BMI 및 혈중 지질 농도가 다른 군에 비해 유의적으로 높았고, 총 칼로리 섭취수준 대비 탄수화물 섭취 비율이 높고 지방 섭취비율이 낮은 금양체질은 혈중 지질 농도는 다른 군에 비해 유의적으로 낮으나, 공복혈당 및 인슐린 농도는 유의적이지는 않으나 체질 군 중 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 개인의 체질에 따라 영양소 섭취량이 다르고, 그 결과 체중, 혈중 지질, 혈당 등의 건강지표가 다름을 알 수 있었다. 이에 8체질 의학에서 주장하는 인간은 타고난 장부의 강약에 따라 건강에 차이가 있기 때문에 이를 유지하기 위해 섭생 및 생활습관을 조절하는 것이 중요하다는 이론을 확인하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1988

1. 유아에서 떼어낸 조직은 거의 모든 품종에서 60% 이상이 callus 형성을 하였으나 자엽에서는 품종간의 차이가 매우 커 0%에서 90% (KLA102)로 다양했다. 2. 자엽과 유아조직에서 형성된 callus는 크로로필을 형성하였으나, 유근에서 형성된 callus는 녹색부위를 관찰할 수 없었다. 3. 분열이 왕성하였던 creamish-white 부위는 조직의 origin에 관계없이 분화적응력이 인정되었다. 4. Callus 형성이 가장 좋은 품종 KLA102의 callus도 분화배지에 옮겨 6주간 배양을 하였으나 rooting와 meristemoids만 형성하였을 뿐 shooting은 되지 않았다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2017

Objective Korean medicine Data Center (KDC) has established large-scale biological and clinical data based on Korean medicine to demonstrate and validate its theory. The aim of this study was to develop KDC teaching dataset and user guideline to improve utilization of the KDC. Method KDC teaching dataset were selected using stratified random sampling according to the Sasang constitution (SC). This dataset included 72 variables of 500 sample subjects. The user guideline described how to conducted eight statistical analysis methods using the teaching dataset. Results The KDC teaching dataset was sampled from 200(40%) Taeeumin, 125(25%) Soeumin, and 175(35%) Soyanain. It was consisted of questionnaire (basic, habit, disease, symptom), physical exam (body measurement, blood pressure), blood exam, and expert' SC diagnosis. The usage guidelines provided instruction for users to perform several statistical analysis step by step with KDC teaching dataset. Conclusion We hope that our results will contribute to enhancing KDC utilization and understanding.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Objective: The study aimed to review all randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) performed in Korea with herbal medicine, to produce further useful information for herbal-drug development. Methods: All papers reporting RCT with herbal drugs were collected via public database of Korea Science and Technology Integration Services, and various Oriental medicine journals. Then, the clinical question, herbal medicine, result, RCT design, and its conductor were analyzed. Results: A total of 20 RCTs were finally selected, and most of them were performed after 2003. The main subjects of RCT were related to heart and blood circulation, dermatitis, respiration disorder, Sasang constitution, or psychiatric disorders. Eight RCTs were done with a single herb while 12 RCTs were with multiple herbal formulae. In particular, three RCTs for atopic dermatitis with three formulae showed positive results. The quality of RCT was considered as better than average. Conclusions: This study revealed the current status of RCT using herbal drugs. This result would provide helpful information for research and drug development using traditional herbal medicine.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.8-11
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• 2011

1. Objectives: Sixty eight kinds of single herbal medicine extracts and fifty six kinds of mixed herbal medicine extracts have been used under a national health insurance since 1987. The number of herbal medicine extracts under an insurance coverage remains unchanged. The demand for covering complex herbal medicine extracts and Sasang Constitutional medicine extracts in a national health insurance increases. This study is to investigate the needs for the insurance coverage. 2. Methods: Advantages and disadvantages between herbal medicine decoction and extracts were explained and Sasang Constitutional medicine extracts according to Sasang constitution were surveyed in production nowadays. 3. Results: Herbal medicine decoction has many advantages of treating patients but herbal medicine extracts have advantages of the rapid adminstration and being easy to carry. From eleven to twenty two products of Sasang Constitutional medicine extracts have been in production in several factories. There are eleven kinds of Soyangin medicine extracts, nine kinds of Taeeumin medicine extracts and five kinds of Soeumin medicine extracts. 4. Conclusions: Complex herbal medicine extracts and Sasang Constitutional medicine extracts have to be in use under a national health insurance as soon as possible.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2015

In a essay that was published on 'Science' in December 2014 as a part of the supplement "The Art and Science of Traditional Medicine," the eastern and western medical theories are discussed with reference to the model-dependent realism suggested by Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow. This paper examines what the model-dependent realism is, and how it affects the future direction of researches in traditional Korean medical theories. The model-dependent realism holds a meaning in that it puts traditional medical theories in a perspective of models, and allows for application of recent studies in scientific philosophy for researches in traditional medical theories. Especially, the model studies by R. Giere et al. will help elaborate the traditional medical theories from a model perspective. From a model perspective, the 'visceral manifestation', 'meridian and collateral', 'qi-blood', 'eight principles' and 'constitution' theories of traditional medicine have the potentials to develop into valid models, and the traditional medical theory's phenomenological and holistic perspective distinguishes it from western medicine, giving it a competitive edge. In addition, the epistemological pluralism of model-dependent realism can serve as an alternative to relativism or rationalism perspective which put eastern and western medicine in opposition until now.