• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 1987

Liposomes were studied as a drug delivery system. Multilamellar vesicles, small unilamellar vesicles and large unilamellar vesicles containing cytarabine were prepared using egg yolk lecithin and cholesterol. Large unilamellar vesicles showed the highest encapsulation efficiency of all and their encapsulation efficiency increased as the buffer volume decreased. Cholesterol increased the stability of liposomal drug products as drug carriers and reduced the permeability of drug across the liposomal membrane. The release rate of cytarabine increased with incubation temperature and decreased with cholesterol incorporation in liposomal membrane. The release mechanism of cytarabine from large unilamellar vesicles in vitro was chiefly due to simple diffusion across the liposomal membrane rather than liposomal rupture.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.143-145
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• 1998

식품공업 분야에서 특정 성분의 분리, 정제, 농축은 매우 중요한 단위공정으로써 추출(Extraction), 여과(Filtration), 증류(Distillation), 증발(Evaporation)등의 조작을 통하여 실시되고 있다. 최근 들어 화학공업, 기계공업, 식품공업의 지속적인 발전에 힘입어 단위조작을 효율적으로 실시할 수 있는 기술로써 국내의 산업화되고 있는 것이 분리막 기술이다. 현재 식품공업 분야에서 활용되고 있는 분리막공정의 종류는 정밀여과(Microfiltration), 한외여과(Ultrafiltration), 초정밀여과(Nanofiltration), 역삼투(Reverse Osmosis) 시스템으로 유제품, 조미료, 음료공업, 장유산업, 기능성 인자의 분리 등에 공업적으로 점차 그 도입 가능성이 증가하고 있다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 1992

The effects of lipid peroxidation on the fluidity of the lipid bilayers of the human erythrocyte ghosts and egg-lecithin phospholipid liposomes have been studied. For the measurements of the peroxidation extent and the fluidity of the membranes, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and the fluorescence depolarization of 1, 6-diphynyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene labelled into the membrane were employed, respectively. The lipid peroxidation was performed in hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase/ferrous ion, and hydrogen peroxide/ferrous ion systems. The results of these experiments show that both of the xanthine oxidase and hydrogen peroxide systems effectively. The lipid peroxidation decreased the fluidity of the membranes, especially at the very early stage of the peroxidation reaction. The decrease in the fluidity of membrane by the lipid peroxidation has been ascribed to the alteration of the polyunsaturated acyl chains of lipids and cross linkages among the membrane components. However, under drastic condition of lipid peroxidation, tdhe fluidity of the membrane rather increased possibly due to the deterioration of the membrane integrity by the peroxidation. Morphological change of the erythrocyte on peroxidation has also been observed.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2011

Three spot gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus Pallas, 1770) is a teleost belonging to Belontiidae. The oogenesis of three spot gourami was investigated by light microscope. The ovary was of light peach color and ellipsoidal shape with the major axis 2 cm and the minor axis 1 cm. Cytoplasm of oogonia was basophilic and many nucleoli were located at inside of nuclear membrane. In primary oocyte, lipid droplets were distributed only in the marginal area first, than at nuclear envelope near. In secondary oocyte, the egg envelope was formed and yolk vesicles was formed in the marginal area. The basophilic substance of cytoplasm was changed to acidic. In case of matured egg, thickness of egg envelope and size of egg were increased. The yolk vesicles were changed to yolk mass in accordance with development. The fertilized eggs were the colorless, transparent, spherical, adhesive and pelagic type. A large oil droplet was located in vitelline membrane of the fertilized egg. In conclusion, the oogenesis of three spot gourami was characterized by the increase in cell size, the formations of lipid droplets and yolk, the decrease of basophilic substance in the cytoplasm, and formation of one large oil droplets.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.363-367
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to improve of frozen-thawed sperm using magnetized water in Korean native cattle. Before cryopreservation, without egg-yolk Triladyl$^{(R)}$ solution was flowed though magnet [0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 Gauss(G)] for S min. The freezing of dilluted semen added with Triladyl containing 20% egg-yolk. Analysis of frozen-thawed sperm was estimated viability with SYBR14/PI double stain, membrane intact with hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), acrosome reaction with FITC-PNA, mitochondria membrane function with Rhodamin 123 by flow- cytometry. Sperm viability was significantly higher in 4000G group than other groups (p<0.05). However, the Hypoosmotic Swelling Test(HOST) was significantly higher in fresh, 4000 and 6000G than 0 and 2000G (p<0.05). In addition, mitochondria membrane damage and acrosome damage were significantly lower in 6000G group than other groups (p<0.05). in conclusion we suggest that magnetized water could be improve ability of sperm on cryopreservation in Korean native cattle.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.266-271
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• 1994

Lipsome system composed of egg phosphatidylcholine was employed to reduce the membrane toxicity of Amphotericin B(Amp. B). Liposomal Amp. B, which showed a free drug equivalent antibiotic effect on fungi, displayed a remarkable reduction of toxicity of the drug against the membrane of red blood cell than that of fungizone which has been used in clinical treatment, and it shows conspicuously lowered toxicity on red blood cells. However liposomal Amp. B which contains cholesterol as a component of liposome lowered the antibiotic effect and toxicity than that phosphatidylcholine liposome. This due to the affinity between Amp. B and cholesterol. In addition to this, ${\beta}$-glucuronidase from snail juice crude enzyme reveals synergistic effect on liposomal Amp. B and free Amp. B. We also obtained positively raised antibiotic effect, when enzyme which is coupled with palmitic acid using NHSP inserted into liposome bilayer From these results, we suppose that the use of liposomal system in the case of Amp. B shows increasing antibiotic effect and dramatically lowered toxicity, thus, we think that we can solve the problem of Amp. B toxicity, which cause hesitate of clinical use.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.195-204
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• 2019

In this study, we examined the effect of a liposome-based extender (Optixcell) and a tris-citric egg-yolk extender (Triladyl) on the frozen-thawed spermatozoa characteristics and the calving rate. The percentages for the total motility of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa were similar in the Optixcell and Triladyl groups. However, among the motile spermatozoa with a straight line velocity (VSL) ${\geq}25{\mu}m/sec$, the curvilinear velocity (VCL, ${\mu}m/sec$), VSL (${\mu}m/sec$), average path velocity (VAP, ${\mu}m/sec$), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, ${\mu}m$), beat cross frequency (BCF, Hz), and plasma membrane integrity of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa for the Optixcell group were significantly higher than those for the Triladyl group. Furthermore, the calving rate in the Optixcell group (79.0%) was higher than that of the Triladyl group (62.8%). However, the acrosomal membrane integrity of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa in the Optixcell and Triladyl groups was not significantly different. These results indicate that semen freezing with Optixcell improved the motility and plasma membrane integrity of frozen-thawed spermatozoa and the calving rate of Hanwoo cows (native Korean cattle). In conclusion, our results suggest that semen freezing with the liposome-based extender Optixcell is more efficient than with the tris-citric egg-yolk extender Triladyl for improved offspring production.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.287-295
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• 2017

This study was conducted to observe egg and larvae morphological development of carp to obtain basic data for resource conservation and taxonomic research. Brood carp used in the research (total length 67.3-75.5 cm, average $71.0{\pm}3.45cm$) were bred in a circular rearing aquarium ($600{\times}300{\times}100cm$) using a running water system from January to July, 2015. Breeding water temperature was maintained at $23.0-25.0^{\circ}C$(average $24.0^{\circ}C$). Fertilized carp eggs were translucent and globular, and their size was 1.75-1.89 mm (average $1.82{\pm}0.06mm$). Blastoderms formed 10 min after fertilization and reached the two-cell stage 30 min after fertilization. Then, the embryo turned dark and exhibited melanophores, and blood started flowing from the heart across the egg yolk at 42 hrs and 50 min after fertilization. Hatching began 70 hrs and 26 min after fertilization larvae emerged through the egg membrane, starting from the head. The length of prelarvae immediately after hatching was 5.23-5.38 mm (average $5.31{\pm}0.11mm$) the mouth and anus were closed, and the pectoral fin was formed. Postlarvae at 18 days after hatching had a total length of 11.9-13.9 mm (average $12.9{\pm}1.40mm$), separate anal fin and back membranes, and fin ray. Juveniles fish at 35 days after hatching had a total length of 29.9-30.2 mm (average $30.1{\pm}0.13mm$), with the body covered with scales, and the same number of fin rays, color, and shape as their broodstork.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of ethylene glycol, glycerol and sucrose to TCG (Tris, Citric Acid, Glucose, Egg Yolk) and DMSO Frozen. The extender containing Egg yolk concentration (10%, 20%) affects viability and acrosome morphology of rabbit sperm. Sperm viability was then assessed for the freezing extenders TCGD (Tris + Citricacid + Glucose + DMSO), TCGED (Tris + Citricacid + Glucose + Egg yolk + DMSO), TCGGD (Tris + Citricacid + Glucose + Glycerol + DMSO) and TCGSD Tris + Citricacid + Glucose + Sucrose + DMSO) during thawing at 38℃. for 20 seconds, respectively. TCG + 10% egg yolk (viability: 77.0 ± 0.8, NAI: 73.3 ± 0.9) was significantly (sperm viability and normal acrosome interaction (NAI)) higher than TCG + 20% egg yolk (70.7 ± 1.1, 70.0 ± 0.9) in the sperm normalcy analysis according to the yolk concentration. TCGGD (53.4 ± 0.1, 62.3 ± 0.4), TCGSD (61.3 ± 0.0, 67.1 ± 0.1) sperm viability and normal acrosome interaction (NAI) in frozen spermatozoa are TCGD (46.4 ± 2.8 and 56.3 ± 1. 4) and TCGED (23.0 ± 1.1 and 54.6 ± 1.4) extenders was thawed at 38℃ for 20 seconds. According to the results from each frozen bulking agent, sperm membrane integrity by hypotonic swelling test (HOST) analysis in TCGGD (59.8 ± 0.7), TCGSD (59.3 ± 0.5) was significantly high compared to other experimental groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggested that TCGGD and TCGSD extenders enhance survivability of rabbit sperm after frozen-thawing.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2016

Organic fouling observed in submerged membrane filtration as a pretreatment for seawater desalination increases energy consumption for membrane operation because of requiring frequent chemical cleaning and membrane replacement. In membrane pretreatment for seawater facing with algae blooms, membrane fouling was observed in submerged microfiltration using sodium alginate model compound which is one of the main components of extracellular polymeric substances. Without aeration, aglinate fouling increased with its concentration while aeration reduced the alginate fouling effectively regardless of its concentration tested. In the absence of aeration, alingate fouling tended to be decreased with increasing calcium concentration. However, this effectiveness was reduced by increasing sodium chloride concentration. At high concentration of sodium chloride and calcium similar to the seawater conditions, aeration reduced initial fouling. However, as time progressed, the effect of increased airflow rate on fouling reduction was not significant, implying that optimum airflow rate to control alginate fouling in submerged microfiltration can exist.