• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.236-246
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seed meal (PSM) on laying hens' performance, quality, fatty acids, cholesterol, antioxidant compounds and shelf life of eggs. Methods: Eighty Tetra SL laying hens, 50-week-old, were randomly divided into two equal groups, having 10 replicates with 4 birds in each. The control (CON) treatment was fed with basal diet, while experimental treatment was fed a diet with 9% PSM, for a 6 week period. Results: Dietary PSM significantly decreased average daily feed intake (p<0.05), with no significant effect on other performance parameters. The PSM, enriched the eggs with polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially α linolenic acid (0.33 vs 0.21 g/100 g) and linoleic acid (20.65 vs 18.37 g/100 g), whereas it reduced the amount of arachidonic acid with 3.91% and n-6/n-3 ratio in PSM eggs compared with CON. The inclusion of 9% PSM significantly (p<0.05) diminished the cholesterol concentration in yolk with 11.31% and in egg with 10.38%, in respect to the CON samples. The significantly (p<0.05) higher concentration of polyphenols and antioxidant compounds, determined in PSM eggs, proved to be effective on shelf life of eggs preserved at refrigerator (5℃) and room temperature (21℃) for 28 days, by delaying the lipid oxidation and protein denaturation. This effect was reflected in significantly (p<0.05) higher Haugh unit in eggs stored 28 days at 21℃ and lower albumen pH values for the overall storage time, both at 5℃ and 21℃, proving the antioxidant effect of pumpkin. Conclusion: Dietary PSM supplementation was significantly effective on average daily feed intake and egg quality by increasing some fatty acids while lowering the cholesterol concentration. Also, PSM proved to be effective improving shelf life of eggs for 28 days storage time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.944-950
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• 1999

Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) was fed to one day old chicks of Gallus domesticus in the form of different concentrations (250 and 500 mg/kg feed) of potassium dichromate mixed with the feed, ad libitum, for 32 weeks. After 20 weeks of feeding, the total body weight was higher in the low dose (260 mg/kg (feed) group and lower in the high dose (500 mg/kg feed) group, as compared with the control chicks. After 32 weeks of feeding, however, the total body weight was significantly decreased in both the treated groups. Egg laying was enhanced. Fertility remained unaffected, whereas hatchability was considerably decreased after CrVI-treatment. The egg shell thickness increased significantly (13%). Cr was deposited in a dose dependent manner in the liver and lungs. Some structural derangements in liver were also noted in treated chicks. The results of this study i.e., rapid ageing, excessive Cr deposition, decreased hatchability and hepatotoxicity indicate toxic effects of CrVI.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2015

This study was performed to ascertain the potential of egg plant for use as a trap plant to attract Bemisia tabaci adults compared to that of tomato. Choice tests were conducted to compare the preference of B. tabaci adults to horseweed, egg-plant, cucumber, and tomato. B. tabaci adults were found to be more sensitive to visual cues than to odor cues, and they preferred the egg-plant and cucumber to horseweed. The attraction rates of the egg-plant and cucumber to B. tabaci adults were 82.3% and 82.5% respectively, compared to that of tomato. Because egg-plants are easier to manage compared to cucumber, we excluded cucumber from subsequent experiment. The attraction rate of egg-plant to B. tabaci adults was >90% when the height of egg-plant was equal or more than that of the tomato plant.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.58-62
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• 2015

A 3-weeks feeding trial with 288 laying hens were conducted to determine the efficacy of lecithin-free egg yolk at different levels of dietary Ca on performance and Ca absorption. Laying hens were divided into 6 groups according to calcium level and testing agent; 0% calcium feed (A), 0.2% calcium feed (B), 0.4% calcium feed (C, normal feed), 0.6% calcium feed (D), 0.4% calcium feed + 0.2% egg byproduct (C+0.2), 0.4% calcium feed + 0.4% egg byproduct (C+0.4). The final body weight gain of C+0.2 and C+0.4 groups were higher by 1.5% and 7.4% respectively than group C. Tibia ash contents did not show significantly difference, but calcium contents increase (p<0.05) in C+0.2 and C+0.4 groups. Parallel undecalcified tibia joint sections were stained for calcium absorption by the von Kossa's stain. This result show that lecithin free egg byproduct supplementation to normal calcium feed improved growth performance and calcium utilization in laying hens.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.283-283
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• 2004

The eggs of most animal species are surrounded by an extracellular matrix known as chorion, egg envelope, egg coat, or zona pellucida. Development of fish embryo usually takes several days in an aquatic environment. During embryonic development, the chorion must protect embryo from physical damage and microbial infection in the exposed aquatic environment. (omitted)

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.397-401
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• 2004

We have examined congenital malformation in developing chick embryo caused by endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A (BPA). We injected BPA into the air sac of developing egg on day 4 of incubation. BPA-treated group with a concentration of 10 ㎍/egg showed a little decrease on their body length compared to the untreated group. But the group treated with 50㎍/egg revealed severe malformation in eyeballs and bills. The group treated with 100㎍/egg could not continue their development after few days of incubation. These results indicate that BPA clearly inhibits the normal development in chick and it should be toxic to the developing fetus at early stage and in various tissues. The study should contribute to the understanding of toxic effect of BPA in developing human fetus when exposed to the BPA.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 1999

Gonadal development, gametogenesis, reproductive cycle, and first sexual maturity of Reishia clavigera were investigated monthly from July 1998 to June 1999 through cytological and histological observations. R. clavigera had separate sexes, and was an internal fertilizer. The ma1e penis was located near the two tentacles. The ovary and testis were composed of a great number of oogenic lobules and spermatogenic tubules, respectively. The size of ripe oocyte ranged from 130 to 140 ${\mu}$m in diameter. The peripheral cytoplasm of the germinal vesicle of the ripe oocyte in many cases were surrounded by smaller yolk granules, while the eccentric cytoplasm was occupied with larger ones. The reproductive cycle of R. clavigera could be classified into five successive stages: early active, late active, ripe, spawning, and recovery. Spawning of females occurred from early July to August when the seawater reached above 24.8$^{\circ}C$. Spawning of males occurred from early June to August in the water above 22.8$^{\circ}C$. Minimum size for sexual maturity of both sexes was above 10.0 mm in shell height. Each egg capsule was a cylinder or spindle in shape, 4-6 mm in length and 1-2 mm in width. Colors of newly spawned egg capsules showed yellowish white or pale yellow, while those with veliger larvae showed pale black, and released larvae or dead egg capsules showed black violet. The fecundity in an egg capsule ranged from 70 to 91 eggs (mean＝80.28 eggs).

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1997

In order to understand the spawning and larval development of Perinereis aibuhitensis for the effective seedling production, the influence of water temperature on spawning induction, egg and larval development of the worm were investigated from October 30, 1989 to October 30, 1990. Main spawning period was from July through September, and average diameter of mature eggs was $220\mu m$. The relationship between the adult weight (Wt) and the number of spawned eggs (NS) was given as follws : NS=48635.589Wt1.3044 (r=0.8572). Adult males and females died immediately after spawning. Trochophore larvae developed 12 hours after fertilization, and hatched out after 56 hours.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

This research investigated that the effect of water temperature on egg developmental stages of largescale blackfish Girella punctata and smallscale blackfish Girella melanichthys. The required times from fertilized embryos to hatching for the G. punctata were 67.8~37.5 hrs from 15 to $21^{\circ}C$, shorter as the water temperature increased. But fertilized embryos were dead after Kuffer's vesicle appearance stage at $24^{\circ}C$ and morula stage at $27^{\circ}C$. Biological minimum temperature (starting point for embryonic development) of the egg development was estimated to be $7.6^{\circ}C$ in average. In G. melanichthys, fertilized embryos were hatched within 61.2~38.3 hr from 15 to $21^{\circ}C$, the times were shorter as the water temperature increased to hatching, but its were dead on above $24^{\circ}C$. Biological minimum temperature of the egg development was estimated to be $6.5^{\circ}C$ in average. Based upon these results, it is recommended that the range of optimum water temperature for embryonic development of G. punctata and G. melanichthys is $15{\sim}21^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.94-98
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• 2003

Effect of temperature (5, 10, 15, 18, 21$^{\circ}C$) on pre-and post-embryonic development of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius was studied. The egg, which measured 122.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, became globular. At 18$^{\circ}C$, it attained 4 celled stage at 3 hours after fertilization, hatched after 15 hours, 4-armed larval stage after 3 days and 8- armed larval stage after 20 days. The relationships between temperature (WT) and time (1, hour) required for each of the selected developmental stages are: Hatching: 1/t=0.0036WT+0.0088 Pyramid: 1/t=0.0014Wl-0.0016 4- armed: 1/t=0.0009WT-0.0020 6- armed: 1/t=0.0004WT-0.0005 8-armed : 1/t=0.0002WT+0.0002 Biological minimum temperature for the egg and larval development is calculated as 1.61$^{\circ}C$.