• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2012

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of various levels of dietary protein on laying performance and egg quality in laying quail. A total of six hundred forty 7-week-old laying type Japanese quail were divided into four groups with eight replicates per group (20 birds per replicate) and fed four diets differing in dietary protein levels (18, 20, 22 and 24%) with isocaloric corn-soybean meal-based diets for 8 weeks. The results showed no significant differences in feed intake and egg weight among the groups. With an increase in dietary protein levels, the egg production and daily egg mass were linearly increased (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in eggshell thickness and Haugh unit. The dietary protein did not affect the blood levels of GOT, GPT, BUN, albumin, and creatinine. The ammonia concentration of intestinal digesta was not affected by the dietary treatments. The contents of hepatic triacylglycerol in the groups fed diets containing 20% protein or more were significantly reduced as compared with that of 18% CP group (P<0.05). Overall, this study showed that relatively high levels of dietary CP are needed to sustain the higher egg production and daily egg mass and to avoid the hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation in Japanese quail.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1654-1659
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with fermented and non-fermented brown algae by-products on the laying performance, egg quality, relative organ weight, and blood profile of laying hens. Methods: Hy-Line Brown chickens (n = 180; 70-week-old) were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group (3 hens per cage, 4 cages per replicate), and fed with 5 experimental diets, namely the basal control diet (CON) or the control diet supplemented with 0.5% brown seaweed (BS), 0.5% seaweed fusiforme (SF), 0.5% fermented brown seaweed (FBS), or 0.5% fermented seaweed fusiforme (FSF), for 4 weeks. Results: Egg production rate and egg mass were greater in the BS group than in the other groups (p<0.05), and the SF and FSF groups had greater egg production than the control group (p<0.05). Egg weight was higher in the BS group than in the other groups (p<0.05). There were no differences in eggshell color, egg yolk color, eggshell strength, or eggshell thickness among the groups. There was no difference in Haugh units among the treatment groups, except for the FSF group, which had a significantly lower value (p<0.05). The non-fermented groups had greater relative organ weights, particularly the liver and cecum, than the other groups (p<0.05). Regarding blood profile, the supplemented-diet groups had higher albumin levels than the control group (p<0.05). The FBS group had higher total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the other groups (p<0.05). The BS and FBS groups had higher glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels than the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that dietary brown algae supplementation can improve egg-laying performance; however, supplementation with fermented seaweeds had no positive effect on the egg-laying performance of hens.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 1995

For continuous ethanol production In an immobilized cell reactor consisting of Saccharomyces sake, feedings of one tenth to three tenths times diluted fermentation media were effective for maintaining the high ethanol productivity and physical stability of immobilized beads. In case two tenths times dilltued one of the fermentation medium supplemented with egg albumin hydrolysate(0.5%) and phosphatidylcholine(0.5%) was fed, a maximum ethanol productivity of $69 g/\ell$-hr was attained at a dilution rate of$1.1lhr^{-1}$, and it was 50% higher than that of the two tenths times diluted one of the fermentation medium without any supplement, $46 g/\ell$-hr.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1188-1193
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• 2003

Sogunjung-tang(SGJT) has been used for the treatment of general weakness, digestive organ disease and so on. This study was carried out for the purpose of knowing the inhibitory effect on the Type I hypersensitivity and Inflammatory reactions of SGJT. The reasults were obtained as follows: SGJT(0.1, 0.5, 1, 2mg/g) concentration of dependently inhibited compound48/80 induced anaphylaxis reaction in mice. SGJT(2mg/g) also inhibited permeability of evans blue into peritoneal cavity in mice. SGJT reduced IgE, CRP, WBC and Platelets on egg albumin induced hypersensitivity. but serum NO was grown. According to above results, SGJT may be beneficial in the type I hypersensitivity and Inflammatory reactions by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 1989

Some sugars and proteins were mixed with yellow corvenia lipids, soybean lipids or see yolk lipids to study the influence of the sugars or proteins on lipid oxidation and browning in dry and wet system during kept at $40^{\circ}C$. In the yellow corvenia lipids mixed with various food components, peroxide value(POV), carbonyl value(COV) and brown pigments were much higher than the case that soybean lipids or egg folk lipids were mixed. In terms of the food components, they appealed high in glucose, sucrose and starch but low in albumin and casein. When the soybean lipids were mixed, POV appeared low in all these maxture. COV and brown pigments appeared high in glucose, sucrose and starch but low in albumin and casein. In the case of egg york lipids, POV appeared lower than that of soybean lipids but COV and brown pigments were similar. In the starch mixture of three lipids in wet system, POV and COV in yellow corvenia lipids appealed lower, but appeared higher in soybean lipids and egg yolk lipids than those in dry system. Brown pigments appeared similarly with the case in dry system. And the all mixtures of casein in wet system, POV and COV appealed lower thanthose of the dry system, but brown pigments appeared high.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.840-846
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary corticosterone on egg quality. For 2 weeks hens received either control or experimental diet containing corticosterone at 30 mg/kg diet. Feed intake and egg production were monitored daily, and body weight measured weekly. Egg weights and egg quality were measured daily. Corticosterone treatment resulted in a remarkable increase in feed intake and sharp decrease in egg production compared with control (p<0.05) whereas body weight remained unchanged. Decreased albumen height, but no changes in egg weight, led to decreased Haugh unit (p<0.05). Corticosterone caused elevated eggshell thickness (p<0.05) without altering weight and strength, suggesting possible changes in shell structure. Yolk color and redness were increased by corticosterone (p<0.05) but lightness and yellowness were either not changed or inconsistent over the time period of measurements. Increased concentrations in plasma were also found for corticosterone, glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, and amylase (p<0.05), suggesting that corticosterone increased protein breakdown, renal dysfunctions and pancreatitis. Together, the current results imply that dietary corticosterone affects egg quality such as yolk colors and shell thickness, in addition to its effects on feed intake and egg production.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2016

This study aimed to determine the effect of different dietary level of rice bran extract (RBO) on the laying performance, egg quality, blood parameter, cholesterol, and fatty acids in yolk of Hy-Line Laying hens. In all, 144 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (29 weeks old) were randomly allocated to one of 4 dietary treatments, with 4 replicates per treatment. A commercial basal diet was used and three additional diets were prepared by supplementing 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 g/kg of RBO to the basal diet. The experimental diets were fed on an ad libitum basis to the bird during 8 weeks. Hen-day egg production increased (quadratic, p<0.05) with inclusion level of RBO, but feed intake, egg weight, and egg mass were not influenced by inclusion of level of RBO in diet. However, the supplementation of RBO did not have an effect on eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg yolk color, and HU during the feeding trial. There were no significant differences in the level of leukocyte. However, heterophil and lymphocytes decreased (quadratic, p<0.01) with inclusion level of RBO. H:L ratio tended to decrease (linear p=0.08) with inclusion level of RBO. As expected, increasing inclusion level of RBO in diets decreased (linear, p<0.01) the concentrations of total cholesterol in plasma. AST, ALT, glucose, and albumin were not affected by inclusion of RBO in diets. Egg yolk cholesterol increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with inclusion level of RBO in diet. The results of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of RBO improves laying performance and decreased total cholesterol and egg yolk cholesterol levels in laying hens. Therefore, dietary RBO is considered a valuable functional ingredient to improve the performance of birds.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2012

Different housing systems have considerable influence on performance in poultry production. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of different housing systems on the performance, bone mineral density and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hen. Hy-line brown pullets (n=450) of 12 weeks age were randomly divided into 3 housing systems with 6 replicates of 25 birds in each room. A diet with 2,750 kcal/kg ME and 16.5% CP was assigned to all birds. The pullets provided free access to feed and water. Significantly (P<0.05) higher values for egg production, egg mass and feed conversion efficiency were found in battery cages, however egg weight, egg shell color and breaking strength was remarkably (P<0.05) higher in floor system. The albumin height and Haugh unit were significantly higher (P<0.05) in battery cages which was statistically similar to aviary housing system. The egg yolk fatty acids concentration of linoleic acid and linolenic acids were significantly higher in aviary and in floor system, respectively, however both values were lower in battery cages. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content (%) in egg yolk did not influence by any housing systems. Bone mineral density was significantly higher (P<0.05) in floor and aviary housing system than that of battery cage system. It was concluded that in battery cages the egg production and composition maximized, however higher bone mineral density and yolk fatty acids content can be improved in the laying hen reared on floor and aviary housing systems.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1355-1360
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• 2008

Effects of dietary ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) supplementation on serum iron status, blood characteristics, egg production and quality were examined in laying hens in an 8-week feeding trail. Two hundred and forty (Hy-line brown, 40-week-old) layers were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with ten replications (six layers in adjacent three cages). Dietary treatments included: 1) CON (basal diet), 2) ALA1 (CON+ALA 5 ppm), 3) ALA2 (CON+ALA 10 ppm) and 4) ALA3 (CON+ALA 15 ppm). All nutrient levels of diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (1994) recommendations for laying hens. During the entire experimental period, differences of serum iron concentration and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were significantly increased in ALA1 supplemented treatment (quadratic effect, p<0.05). The difference of total protein between 8 and 0 weeks was significantly higher in ALA2 treatment than CON treatment (quadratic effect, p<0.05). No significant effects were observed on hemoglobin, WBC, RBC, lymphocyte and albumin concentrations. Egg production and egg weight were not influenced by the ALA supplementation. Egg yolk index was also significantly higher in ALA3 treatment than CON treatment at the end of 4 and 8 weeks (linear effect, p<0.05). Haugh unit was increased in ALA3 treatment compared to CON and ALA1 treatments at the end of 8 weeks (linear effect, p<0.05). However, egg shell thickness, breaking strength and yolk color unit were not affected by the ALA supplementation. In conclusion, dietary ALA supplementation at a level of 5 ppm can affect iron concentration in serum while higher levels (10 or 15 ppm) have some beneficial influences on blood profiles and egg quality.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.95-109
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• 2014

In this study, the concentration of odorants released from albumin (EA) and yolk (EY) portions of boiled egg samples were determined as a function of storage time. The concentrations were measured at storage days of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 under room temperature. As such, odorants produced during both fresh and decay conditions were measured through time. A total of 19 compounds were selected as the main target odorants along with 12 reference compounds. GC-MS (for VOC) and GC-PFPD system (for sulfur gases) equipped with thermal desorption (TD) system were employed for odorant analysis in this work. The initial concentrations measured from the chamber system were converted into flux terms ($ng{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$). The EA showed the highest concentration of $H_2S$ (234 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$) at EA-0, and the concentrations of AT (Acetone) was also seen clearly in the range of 11.7 (EA-0) to 58.6 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$ (EA-9). The EY showed similar patterns. EtAl (Ethyl alcohol) increased 9.47 (EA-1) to 96.7 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$ (EA-9) in EA samples. Ketone, alcohol, sulfur groups generally exhibited high concentrations compared to other odorants. These data were also compared in relation to olfactometry related dilution-to-threshold (D/T) ratio by air dilution sensory (ADS) test and sum of odor intensity (SOI).