• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1997

Background: Cancers of the maxillary sinuses are not common and are the most difficult head and neck malignancies in which to make an early diagnosis. Objectives: This reports was conducted to evaluated the efficacy of combination therapy and the relationship between the treatment modalities and their outcome of maxillary sinus cancers. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a clinical datas of 46 patients who were treated at the department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. The Catholic University of Korea over 10 years between 1987 and 1996. Results: According to AJCC TNM system, 35 patients presented with $T_4$, 10 with $T_3$, one with T1. Two patients were treated with radiotherapy alone, 4 patients with chemotherapy alone, 17 patients with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, 23 patients with combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The overall 5 years survival rate for combination therapy group were 57%, but 23 patients treated with the other treatment modalities all died within 2 years except two cases with chemotherapy and radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone. There was a statistical trend for better survival and local control in those patients treated with combination therapy than others(p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that it may be possible to acheive better results with aggressive combination treatment including surgery in advanced cases and to avoid orbital excentration in patients with orbital invasion.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

Recently, there has been prevailing of the combined utilization (CU) with herbs and prescribed drugs in medical therapies in the world. But the information about frequency, efficacy and safety of this CU has not well known in Korea, yet. This study aimed to identify the status of CU by Koreans, and to inquire which side effects of CU represent to those people. A self-completed questionnaire survey was performed through each health examination center in twenty general hospitals and one oriental hospital. Of the initial 2,100 health examinees, 1,851 were participated in this survey, resulting in a response rate of 88.1%. The proportion of CD was 26.3%. The most commonly mentioned reason of CD was 'to promote general health and well-being' (17l persons, 35.5%). The main route of taking CD was self-purchase at drugstore or at herbs market, followed by the prescription of (oriental)physicians. 33.0% (151 persons) of those who took the CD rated it as effective. 93 respondents (19.8%) were experienced several adverse effects including nausea, fatigue, and dizziness. The growing simultaneous use of herbal products and pharmaceutical drugs by Korean consumers may be continuously increased the risk of herb-drug interactions. The medical professionals should be provided with comprehensive and up-to-date information about potential benefits and risks of herbs and prescribed drugs. In the future studies it may be recommended to deal common cold, health promotion, indigestion, headache, and hypertension for the effect and safety of the CD by well-organized prospective study design.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2015

Vaccination is the most powerful and useful preparation against infectious diseases. However, developing vaccines costs a lot and requires extensive long-term efforts. Therefore, the government should research and develop vaccines with a national-level policy. To greatly enhance the success rate of vaccine development, the policy should be set up considering priorities such as the current status of domestic research, the importance for public health, the urgency of research. The Delphi technique was utilized to draft this survey, through a brainstorming stage, then two inquiries, and finally the final panel meeting where unresolved items were discussed, to draw the conclusion. Among the results, firstly, the highest ranked item on centralized fields for vaccine development by the Ministry of Health was 'self-sufficiency of vaccines.' Secondly, 'emerging infectious disease' was most highly ranked in prioritized fields of vaccine development and research. Thirdly, for the vaccine that needs to be improved and developed further by the government to improve its efficacy and safety, BCG (Bacille de Calmette) for tuberculosis was ranked the highest on both types (intradermal and subcutaneous injection) from National Immunization Programme (NIP) and non-NIP. As for the high risk pathogens, 'anthrax' and 'smallpox' were first and second, consecutively. Lastly, 'development and control of vaccine candidates' was ranked the highest for the area in need for technique development in order to improve domestic vaccine's research level. The results of this study will be put to good use as basic data for the national vaccine research and development (R&D) policy of the country. This study was first step and more studies should be carried out for the final decision of the national vaccine R&D priority.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 1988

In March 1987, a bacterial disease occured among cultured tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in the aquarium of Fish Pathology Laboratory of National Fisheries University of Pusan. The diseased fish showed abdominal inflamation of ascites. The causative organisms isolated from the kidney were Gram negative rods. On SS agar colonies developed within 48 hours at $25^{\circ}C$. On the basis of the morphological and biochemical characteristics the organisms were identified as Edwardsiella tarda. They were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ampicilline and oxytetracycline. The pathogenicity was proved positive by intraperitoneal injection. Three kinds of antigen were prepared with E. tarda for the immune response in tilapia : i.e., by inactivating the strain with 0.4% formalin for 24 hrs at $25^{\circ}C$ ultrasonicating it 3 times with 5 watts for 30 seconds each time and filtrating it through millipore filter. The formalin killed antigen showed good efficacy at the injection concentration of over $10^7$ cells per fish of 50g. All the immunized tilapia showed only a little agglutination titer to the three antigens. The highest survival rate was recorded in challenged tilapia immunized with formalin killed cells.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.262-269
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and complications of two oral sedative regimens, chloral hydrate (60mg/kg)/hydroxyzine(25mg) versus midazolam(1mg/kg)/meperidine(1mg/kg) for the sedation of pediatric dental patients. Fifteen patients(mean age 36.2months, range 24-47months), ASA Class I or II, who needed at least two restorative dental procedures were selected in this double-blind, randomized study. All subjects were randomly assigned to receive either chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine or midazolam/meperidine and 50% $N_2O/O_2$ was administered at each appointment. Behavior assessment(sleep, movement, crying, overall behavior) was made using Houpt Sedation Rating Scale and physiologic parameters(pulse rate, oxygen saturation) were monitored using pulse oximeter. The incidence of hypoxia($SpO_2$ 90% or less, at least 10s duration) and vomiting was recorded. Patients sedated with chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine showed significantly better overall behavior score than patients sedated with midazolam/meperidine. There was no clinically significant difference in the incidence of hypoxia and vomiting. It was concluded that oral administration of chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine is more effective than midazolam/meperidine for the sedation of pediatric dental patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2018

Acute exacerbation(s) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) tend to be critical and debilitating events leading to poorer outcomes in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment modalities, and contribute to a higher and earlier mortality rate in COPD patients. Besides pro-active preventative measures intended to obviate acquisition of AECOPD, early recovery from severe AECOPD is an important issue in determining the long-term prognosis of patients diagnosed with COPD. Updated GOLD guidelines and recently published American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society clinical recommendations emphasize the importance of use of pharmacologic treatment including bronchodilators, systemic steroids and/or antibiotics. As a non-pharmacologic strategy to combat the effects of AECOPD, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is recommended as the treatment of choice as this therapy is thought to be most effective in reducing intubation risk in patients diagnosed with AECOPD with acute respiratory failure. Recently, a few adjunctive modalities, including NIV with helmet and helium-oxygen mixture, have been tried in cases of AECOPD with respiratory failure. As yet, insufficient documentation exists to permit recommendation of this therapy without qualification. Although there are too few findings, as yet, to allow for regular andr routine application of those modalities in AECOPD, there is anecdotal evidence to indicate both mechanical and physiological benefits connected with this therapy. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy is another supportive strategy which serves to improve the symptoms of hypoxic respiratory failure. The therapy also produced improvement in ventilatory variables, and it may be successfully applied in cases of hypercapnic respiratory failure. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal has been successfully attempted in cases of adult respiratory distress syndrome, with protective hypercapnic ventilatory strategy. Nowadays, it is reported that it was also effective in reducing intubation in AECOPD with hypercapnic respiratory failure. Despite the apparent need for more supporting evidence, efforts to improve efficacy of NIV have continued unabated. It is anticipated that these efforts will, over time, serve toprogressively decrease the risk of intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation in cases of AECOPD with acute respiratory failure.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.154-160
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing(EO) water, electrolyzed oxidizing water with 0.5% citron juice and 0.1% aluminium potassium sulfate (APS) solution as the storing liquids to maintain quality and extend shelf life of peeled taro. Water content of peeled taro increased from 80.55% to 82.12∼84.24% after 25 days storage due to moisture absorption. However, there were no significant difference between treatments. In case of color value of peeled taro, L value was slowly decreased and a, b value was generally increased. Texture of peeled taro decreased from initial 4,520$\pm$75 g to 4,160$\pm$80 g after 25 days storage in EO water with 0.5% citron juice, which is the least reduction value in all treatments. Treatment of EO water with 0.5％ citron juice maintained 6.99 mg%(57%) of total vitamin C after 25 days storage which showed highest total vitamin C content between treatments. In most treatments, total sugar was decreased in fast rate for 15 days storage and slowly decreased after 15 days storage. Free sugar content was not changed significantly during storage. In case of sucrose content which is the major portion of free sugar, reduction continued until the midst of storage. and after that it increased to 1.5∼2 times of initial contents. However, there were no differences between treatments and storage days in contents of fructose, glucose and maltose. Major amino acids in peeled taro were aspartic acid and glutamic acid with 1,084.8 and 691.8 mg/100g respectively. At 25 days of storage, aspartic acid content in treatment of EO water was increased about 13.9%. Treatment of EO water with 0.5% citron juice was the most effective in respect to the reduction ratio of total amount of essential amino acids.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.788-795
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• 2015

The efficacy of an experimentally designed cold chain container and a currently used styrofoam container was investigated with respect to important factors affecting the quality of fresh beef during storage under different conditions. The temperature in the TEPP-1 container was maintained at $5^{\circ}C$ using a phase change material (PCM) during transport and delivery. During storage in the TEPP-1 container, no significant difference was observed in pH of beef, but color decreased slightly, which does not affect the desire to purchase. After storage for 7 days, the rate of VBN and TBA in the TEPP-1 container, was lower than that in the TEPP-2 container. Drip loss was lower in the TEPP-1 container (0.87%) than in the TEPP-2 container (1.78%). No significant changes were observed in microbal count until 4 days in either of the containers, but after storage for 7 days, the count increased significantly. Microbial count in TEPP-1 was 6.65 log CFU/mL and that in TEPP-2 was 7.62 log CFU/mL. The results of sensory evaluations indicated that the overall acceptability of beef after storage for 7 days was better in the TEPP-1 container than in the TEPP-2 container. The EPS container was inferior in comparison with TEPP-1 and TEPP-2. It was impossible to continue the experiment using the EPS container after 3 days. These results suggest that the experimentally designed TEPP-1 container can be used for beef transport and delivery for 7 days without significantly affecting the quality of beef.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.373-390
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• 1998

35 theses conducted in Korea on the topic of senescence or anti-oxidant were classified on the basis of research methods, animals used for the experiments, and research items. Evaluating these research works with respect to the Free Radical Theory, the following conclusions were reached. 1. Of the 17 theses written in the Oriental medicine aspect, three theses used a single herb, nine theses used a complex prescription, four theses concentrated on the usage of the medicinal acupuncture, and one research paper focused on using scientific components. Common objection of these papers were on the verification of the efficacy of herbs. 2. Of the 18 these written in the Western medicine aspect, five theses used a single drug, seven theses conducted a research on the changes due to senescence, and 6 papers were on variety of topics. The main focus of these works were on the mechanism and pathology related to the senescence rather than on the suppression of senescence. 3. Among the theses written in the Oriental medicine perspective, a total of 48 herbs were utilized. 26 of these herbs has a tonification function on the Kidney. Six out of nine complex prescription mentioned above has a function of tonifying the Kidney. 4. With respect to the research subjects used on the experiments, 8 theses have used Senescence-Accelerated mice, 13 theses have used Sprague-Dawley mice, and remaining 7 papers have used human or other animals. 5. These are the categorization of the research items used: the weight (11) and weight changes of the visceral organs (9), the measurement of the content of peroxide-disease (9), the measurement of enzyme vitality (21), the blood and urine test (10), the experiment concerning immune system (3), the influence on the hepatic capability of metabolizing foreign substance (3), the effect on hepatic cell protection (3), the measurement of both the suppression of Free Radical and ability to create Free Radical (2), the measurement of effect of suppresing MDA(malondialdehyde) (4), the effect of eliminating DPPH Radical (2), and experiements about the functions (2). 6. The rate of vitalization of well known anti-oxidants such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Protein-bound SH, Nonprotein-bound SH, Glutathione(GSH), Catalase, and etc. were tested in 17 theses. Considering the conclusions mentioned above, the theses related to the senescence published in Korea elected different animals used for experiments, research items and the methods of research, the end result seems to be a lack of objectivity. Thus, I would argue that research methods to overcome such a deficiency need to be developed systematically.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.642-649
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• 2013

This study evaluated the efficacy of information and self-interpretive media that provide information on park environment using self-administered visitor survey to the Dadohaehaesang National Park, Korea. Excluding missing and unreliable responses, 205 valid responses were used for the analysis. Socioeconomic status and visiting behavior of the visitors to the Dadohaehaesang National Park were similar to those to other Korean national parks. Results showed that, of the self-interpretive media, 'Information board of park use and resources' were most frequently used (87.7%), followed by 'Interpretive label of woody plant,' and 'Bulletin boards for information and enlightenment.' 'Guided interpretation' was used less than 40% of the visitors. Visitors also highly rated the importance of the media (higher than 4.0 on average out of 5 point Liker scale question). The average performance rate was 3.82, suggesting that visitors were satisfied on the self-interpretive media. Visitors responded that 'Information board of park use and resources' and 'Bulletin boards for information and enlightenment' were not useful and, therefore, should be amended and managed to improve the self-interpretability of the media.