• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2013

Healthcare providers in Korea are using conservative pharmacological treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) to delay the progress of the disease or to mitigate its behavioral and neurological symptoms. However, there is a growing need for interventions using practical non-pharmacologic treatment, as the effects of pharmacological treatments has faced limitations. This research provided a cognitive rehabilitation program to 3 AD patients and used a multiple baseline design across subjects to examine the effects. Performing reality orientation therapy (ROT) for 1 cycle (4 weeks) resulted in a slight increase in accuracy and responsiveness on an orientation task, mainly with patients with mild cases of AD. Also, in the sub-domain of the Korean-Mini Mental Status Examination performed to examine changes in cognitive ability, there were minimal changes in place orientation. In functional communication, however, there were no significant differences before and after the intervention. In conclusion, we found that ROT was an effective intervention for improving accuracy and responsiveness in the orientation of patients with mild cases of AD. In future studies, the effect of non-pharmacological interventions can be evaluated more reliably by examining the interaction effects of sample size, length of the intervention, outcome measurements, and pharmacological intervention.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-113
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• 2015

The Monte-Carlo (MC) technique is very efficient solution for statistical problem. Various MC methods can easily be applied to statistical circuit performance analysis. Recently, as the number of process parameters and their impact, has increasingly affected circuit performance, a sufficient sample size is required in order to consider high dimensionality, profound nonlinearity, and stringent accuracy requirements. Also, it is important to identify the performance of circuit as soon as possible. In this paper, Fast MC method is proposed for efficient analysis of circuit performance. The proposed method analyzes performance using enhanced-precision Latin Hypercube Sampling Monte Carlo (LHSMC). To increase the accuracy of the analysis, we calculate the effective dimension for the low discrepancy value on critical parameters. This will guarantee a robust input vector for the critical parameters. Using a 90nm process parameter and OP-AMP, we verified the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method in comparison with the standard MC, LHS and Quasi Monte Carlo (QMC).

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2005

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was investigated as a method for removing lipids and bad flavor from tuna viscera. To find the optimum conditions, different experimental variables, such as pressure, temperature, flow rate of solvent and sample size, were evaluated for the effective removal of lipids and the undesirable smell. Ethanol was used as the entrainer, with a $3\%$ by vol $CO_2$ flow rate. By increasing the pressure at constant temperature, the efficiency of the lipid removal was improved and the protein was concentrated without denaturalization. The main fatty acids extracted from the tuna viscera were palmitic acid (16:0), heptadecanoic acid (17:1), oleic acid (18:1) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6). The major amino acids in the tuna viscera treated by supercritical carbon dioxide were glutamic acid, leucine and lysine, and the free amino acids were L-proline, taurine and L-$\alpha$-aminoadipic acid.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.12 s.177
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• pp.184-189
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• 2005

An experimental study of the femtosecond laser machining of Si materials was carried out. Direct laser machining of the materials for the feature size of a few micron scale has the advantage of low cost and simple process comparing to the semiconductor process, E-beam lithography, ECM and other machining process. Further, the femtosecond laser is the better tool to machine the micro parts due to its characteristics of minimizing the heat affected zone(HAZ). As a result of line cutting of Si, the optimal condition had the region of the effective energy of 2mJ/mm-2.5mJ/mm with the power of 0.5mW-1.5mW. The polarization effects of the incident beam existed in the machining qualities, therefore the sample motion should be perpendicular to the projection of the electric vector. We also observed the periodic ripple patterns which come out in condition of the pulse overlap with the threshold energy. Finally, we could machined the groove with the linewidth of below $2{\mu}m$ for the application of MEMS device repairing, scribing and arbitrary patterning.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.786-791
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• 2005

경향성을 분석하기 위한 여러 기법 가운데 비모수적 방법인 Mann-Kendall 검정(MK 검정)은 수문시계열의 분석에서 널리 사용되어지고 있다. 이 검정 방법은 분석 대상 자료가 독립이라는 가정 하에 수행되며, 자료가 계열상관되어 있는 경우에는 그 상관성의 영향으로 경향성 존재의 유무를 정확하게 판단할 수 없게 된다. 따라서 MK 검정을 이용할 때 자료의 상관성으로 인해 받게되는 영향을 소거시키기 위해 효과적인 자료의 크기(Effective Sample Size, ESS)를 이용하는 수정된 MK 검정 방법을 이용하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 ESS가 얼마만큼 계열상관성을 제거할 수 있는지 Monte Carlo모의를 통해 검토하였다. MK 검정 결과 계열상관계수의 증가에 따라 자료가 경향성을 나타내는 비율이 높아 겼으나, ESS에 의해 수정된 MK 검정을 수행한 결과 계열상관계수의 영향이 제거되었음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 ESS에 치한 방법은 상관성의 영향을 과대하게 제거하게 되고, 이에 의해 실제 경향성이 존재하는 자료마저도 비 경향성이라고 판단하게 되는 오류를 가지고 있었다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 MK 검정에서 경향성으로 판단된 자료에 대해 경향정도를 분석하여 제거한 후 다시 ESS에 의해 수정된 MK 검정을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 상관성이 존재하는 자료에 대한 MK 검정 방법의 오류를 제거 할 수 있었으며, 또한 실측 자료의 적용을 통해 수정 MK 검정이 경향성 분석에 매우 유용함을 확인 하였다.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.300-309
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review research trends and show the developmental direction of studies on dementia and nursing interventions for demented elders. Methods: This study analyzed 104 articles on dementia and 23 on nursing interventions for demented elders published until 2007. Results: These dementia studies increased in quantity after 1996, mainly in studies on demented elders and their families and in quantitative studies, Nursing intervention methods were music, light, horticultural therapy, reminiscence and complex therapeutic program, etc. There were experimental studies after 1996, but non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was 8(34.8%) of 23(100,0%). The medium sample size was 16.6 for experimental groups, 13 for control groups. The experimental time range was 10-120 minutes a day, frequency was 1-18 a week, and the total frequency was 4-72. The result variables were cognitive function, dementia behavior, emotion, depression, ADL, social behavior, etc. Conclusion: The findings of this review suggest that studies on dementia have been improved in quantity since 1996, but various and effective research methods should be developed as a way to further improve the quality of studies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.558-565
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• 2015

The current methods, such as Binomial Probability Distribution or T-test, to calculate the number of samples of Precise Guided Missiles(PGMs) for test and evaluation are statistically problematic to make reasonable decisions thus use the budget efficiently. Also, the method to verify an accuracy rate of the PGMs using these old methods seems to be lack of objectiveness. This paper presents an effective, efficient solution adapted from the clinical medicine testing method of healthcare industry research, which may overcome our problems. This method considers and addresses both manufacturers' and consumers' risk simultaneously. By taking into account the weapon system project characteristics which take a relatively longer time and require higher-level budget, this approach also suggests a reasonable and feasible method to determine the amount of samples of the PGMs and making a criterion to verify an accuracy rate of the missiles that are required to test. Thus, this method is expected to contribute to acquisition and operations of high-reliability PGMs by MND and its field-users.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to find out the effectiveness of soil cement stabilization about the Song-I in Cheju province. The results are summarized as follows; 1.The increasing ratio of unconfined compressive strength according to the increment of cement content was markedly low compared with the weathered granite soil, so the effect of stabilization was low. 2.The moisture content of the sample of Song-I indicates the maximum unconfined compressive strength showed at the 5% or so of dry side than the optimum moisture content and the change of the unconfined compressive strength according to the change of moisture content was not sensitive compared with the weathered granite soil. 3.Generally the primary strength of curing age within 7 days of the sulfate resisting cement was low compared with the normal portland cement and the strength of 28 curing days showed a similar tendency, especially in case of Song-I, and it seemed that the sulfate resisting cement was a little more effective than the normal portland cement. 4.As the unconfined compressive strength of grain size controlled Song-I was low compared with the weathered granite soil, so the rate of weight loss by the durability test was great, therefore it was thought that the durability was weak.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2020

For visual inspection-based wood identification, optical microscopy techniques typically require a relatively large sample size, and a scanning electron microscope requires a clean surface. These novel techniques experience limitations for objects with highly limited sampling capabilities such as important and registered wooden cultural properties. Synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SR-µCT) has been suggested as an effective alternative to avoid such limitations and various other imaging issues. In this study, four pieces of wood fragments from wooden members used in the Manseru pavilion of Bongjeongsa temple in Andong, Korea, wereused for identification. Three-dimensional microstructural images were reconstructed from these small wood samples using SR-µCT at SPring-8. From the analysis of the reconstructed images, the samples were identified as Zelkova serrata, Quercus sect. Cerris, and Pinus koraiensis. The images displayed sufficient spatial resolution to clearly observe the anatomical features of each species. In addition, the three-dimensional imaging allowed unlimited image processing.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2017

The red-spotted apollo butterfly, Parnassius bremeri Bremer, 1864 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), is an endangered species in South Korea. Development and application of molecular markers to assess population genetics perspectives can be used as a basis to establish effective conservation strategies. In this study, we developed 12 microsatellite markers specific to P. bremeri using Illumina paired-end sequencing and applied the markers to South Korean populations to understand population characteristics. Genotyping of 40 P. bremeri individuals from three localities showed that at each locus, the observed number of alleles ranged from 6 to 22 and the observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.500-1.00 and 0.465 to 0.851, respectively. Significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not observed in all loci studied. The population based $F_{ST}$ and $R_{ST}$ collectively suggest that at least the Samcheok population in northernmost Gangwon Province has a significant divergence from the remaining two populations (P < 0.01), and this result is also reflected in the forewing length. Further studies with an increased sample size will be necessary to draw robust conclusions and devise conservation strategies.