• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.615-628
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• 2000

It is said that stress is the threat of peace and excess of resources which man has from special relationship between individual and environment. This study is for suggesting the method of intervention of the clinical social work service concerning stress for the adolescents who can conceive looking into the relationship between adolescent pregnancy and stress through the sundry records for them. When the change of making into parents from pregnancy overlapped with stress in the cycle of life as an adolescent period itself, the accumulated stress grows much bigger. The repeated change causes an obscurity of individual role and worsens stress and brings confusion on a priority ranking of developmental task. The pregnancy of adolescence has a demoralizing influence upon the adolescents themselves who are going to be adults, their children, and society. These negative effects won't be end in a short period so the effort of intervention in necessary to improve the coping skills and adaptability of pregnant adolescents. In case of pregnant adolescents, the approach of personal counsel is not just enough and effective prevention program can be better alternative and purpose at the same time. This intervention protects adolescents from the distress which can be easily disclosed after delivery and contribute to promote a good mental health of adolescents who will grow to be adults later. After all it implies the necessity of stress management program which can improve the coping ability against stress and develop positive recognition for the pregnant adolescents. Therefore much profounder study for practical intervention program, implementation, and evaluation is necessary with the conclusion which has the results of this literature study.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.334-345
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find out inservice teachers' teaching skills and relevant educational settings that could be applied to an instruction of problem-based learning (PBL). Participants have been instructed PBL teacher training programs and applied PBL into teaching and learning process. Three elementary teachers were selected to participate in the study, and data were collected with semi-structured interviews. The interviews of the teachers in relation to PBL were analyzed by two main topics: (1) the teachers' teaching skills required in PBL and (2) the educational settings in implementing PBL. The results are as follows: First, there is a difficulty involved in the implementation of PBL in that its preparation and teaching process are different from the traditional teaching methodology. However, as a helper who guides the students to self-directed learning in the free and permissible learning environment in which students are motivated to develop their potential effectively, the teachers are to invest their time consistently and to put their efforts into making an effective class in the entire process of PBL. Second, as a method to apply the problem-based learning to the education settings, the teachers must spread the awareness of PBL to fellow teachers, students, their parents and the administrators in education and form the community of the teachers. Most importantly, when the teachers apply PBL in the directly, from the joy of witnessing the changes in the students, they will choose to adopt PBL.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.171-195
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is 1) to survey to identify how high school students think about career guidance and job and 2) to pursue effective career guidance. According to the survey result, first, most students have thought about their career. They chose friends as a counselor for their future. Among respondents, 39.84% of them said they did not consult with teachers. They said academic record is a stumbling block in choosing career. Second, many students responded career guidance should start at 'Junior High school'. 76.56% of respondents said they were lack of career guidance resources. With respect to career, an important subject was shown as the following order: social study, English, Korean, Science and Math. Third, students recognized the face that aptitude and ability should be the utmost important factors in choosing career. They chose mass media as a main source to gain information relative to career, which accounted for 52.34% and 20.31% for teachers. In the case of students who have rather 'poor'home background, teachers were the main sources for career information, whose proportion was relatively high. Forth, parents were the most influential people who helped students choose which high school to go(40.69%). In terms of scope of higher education, 65.63% said they wanted to graduate university. Students who has good academic records and good home environment wanted to pursue Master's or Doctor's degrees. 70.31% of respondents said they attended a high school just because they wanted to have a desired job.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.671-676
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• 2005

A total of 50 individual catfish, the Tra (Pangasius hypophthalmus) cultivated in either floating cages (Tra-c) or in ponds (Tra-p) and the Basa (Pangasius bocourti) raised in three floating cages, were collected in two of the Mekong Delta provinces. The caudal fin of each individual fish was used for protein electrophoresis employing the SDS-PAGE method. The one fillet sides were used as a representative sample to determine the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and amino acids (AAs). The catfish oil was extracted from the belly fats, and the fatty acid (FA) composition was analyzed. There were 21 bands of the Tra and the Basa. Protein bands of the two varieties were 28.6-33.3% polymorphic, while polymorphic individuals of the Tra ranged from 80.0 to 100.0%, and the Basa was 90.0% polymorphic. The phenotypic diversity (Ho) of the Tra ranged from 1.71 to 1.80, while the Basa ranged as high as 2.14%. Diversity values (H$_{EP}$) for genetic diversity markers were equal in the Tra and the Basa. The sum of the effective number of alleles (SENA) of both varieties ranged from 3.40 to 3.83 for the Basa and the Tra, respectively. The lower values of Ho and SENA, as compared with those of the fresh water prawn (Macrobrachium equidens) in the area, would suggest that the species with the low values will become extinct due to inbreeding; the gene pools of each observed population were below a suitable threshold. Many of the differences in the nutritional values of the Tra-c, the Tra-p and the Basa were measured; their nutrient values were comparable to fishmeal or fish oil. Most of the DM, CP, and EE were higher in the Tra, especially in the Tra-c. The essential AA content, especially that of lysine, was highest in the Tra-c, next highest in the Tra-p, and lowest in the Basa. Therefore, the amino acid patterns were closer to the ideal patterns in the same sequences. In contrast, the essential FAs were concentrated in the Basa fish oil. It was found that suitable selection of parents for seed production is required to avoid inbreeding. Catfish may be valuable sources of nutrition for both humans and animals, and the differences in their nutritional values by variety and/or management must be taken into account.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 1997

Bed rest is recommended to prevent postlumbar puncture headaches(PLPHA), but the period of bed rest varies in the literature from 6 hours to 24 hours. In clinical practice the period of bed rest varies but nursing methods for adults and children have little difference. In Seoul National University Hospital, children have been given at least 6 hours bed rest after a lumbar puncture. Pediatric oncology patients require a lumbar puncture for an initial diagnosis, follow up treatment or administration of chemotherapeutic agent. But it is difficult for young children to lie supine or to refrain from their usual activities in any way, and unpleasant problems related to a shortage of beds often occurs during discharge or in an outpatient setting. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the preventive effect of PLPHA by the period of bed rest, to identify the other factors that influence PLPHA, and to use the nursing methods proper to children. The subjects were 65 children, ages 1-17, undergoing treatment in the children's cancer center at SNUCH during the period June 1, 1995, to Aug. 31, 1995. The team nurses asked questions about PLPHA of the parents and children in order to fill out a questionnaire. The data were evaluated by percent, t-test, Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Result; 1. There was no significant difference relating the bed rest time spent to the occurrence of postspinal headaches (t-test). 2. There was a significant risk of PLPHA in the children who were irritable before procedure and/or had experienced previous PLPHA(p<0.05, ${x^2}-test$). 3. The following factors were not found to be associated with increased risk of PLPHA: previous puncture experience, giving analgesics, the choice of puncturist, inpatient/outpatient status, gauge of needle, purpose, the amount of CSF removed, gender, diagnosis, the number of peripheral WBCs, previous lumbago experience after LP, position after bed rest, age, the number of aural puncture at the time. A longer period of bed rest is unlikely to be more effective to prevent PLPHA and seems impractical. A shorter period will save time and effort. Perhaps it will also allay some of the fears which surround LP. So 1 hour bed rest after LP is suggested and nursing methods for emotional support should be investigated to reduce PLPH.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.369-378
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mother's education about amblyopia occlusion therapy on parenting stress and efficacy and the visual acuity improvement of the amblyopia child. The study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest posttest quasi-experimental study. The mothers with amblyopia children who signed the consent form were assigned to one of two groups, the experimental group (29) and control group (31). The data were collected from March 5 to October 5, 2010, at G university hospital outpatient department located in G city. The subjects in the experimental group participated in the Mothers Education about Amblyopia Occlusion Therapy for 24 weeks, which included face to face consultations, telephone counseling, etc.. The degree of parenting stress and efficacy were measured by using questionnaires and the visual acuity was measured by visual examination. The data were analyzed using the ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher's exact probability test, t-test and Repeated Measure ANOVA using SPSS PC+20.0 for Windows. The following results were found after the therapy. The experimental group had statistically significantly higher visual acuity (Rt, F=40.64, p<.001, Lt, F=10.28, p<.001), lower parenting stress scores (F=9.85, p=.003) and higher parenting efficacy scores (F=22.19, p<.001) than the control group. In conclusion, the Mothers about Amblyopia. Occlusion Therapy Education Program was effective in improving the visual acuity of the amblyopia children, and decreasing the parenting stress and enhancing the parenting efficacy of their parents.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-224
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• 1999

Background: In recent years, pediatric chronic sinusitis patients who don't respond with antibiotics are increasing, but there are a few reports on the herbal medicine therapy treating pediatric chronic sinusitis, so this report was studied. Objective: To demonstrate the effect of herbal medicine therapy in the chronic sinusitis before and after treatment using computed tomograpy (CT) and plain radiograpy. Materials and methods: Ninty patients (45 mail and 45 femail) treated in our hospital between February 1998 and August 1999 were studied. Ages ranged from 3 to 13 years (mean age :6.5 years). Sixty two patients had a underlyiing family history (allergy or sinusitis of parents or brothers), In the past history, 68 patients had asthma, allergy of milk, atopic dermatitis, bronchiollitis and irritable bowel syndrom. Illness period was from 10 days to 96 months (mean period:12.4 month). Duration of treatment were from 25 days to 200days (mean:96 days). To ascertain the efficacy of treatment, CT in the 42 and plain radiopgrapy in the 48 patients were checked out. In the CT, three images were obtained 2cm interval on the coronal and axial plan. CT findings of the chronic sinusitis were analyzed for mucoperiostal thickening before and after treatment using 4 grades;(normal, mild, moderate, severe). Normal was defined as below 3mm thickening of mucoperiosteum; mild was 3-5mm thickening; moderate was 5mm-1cm thickening; severe was above 1cm thickening. Plain radiograpy using Water's view provided maxillary sinus, anterior ethmoid sinus, frontal sinus. Normal was defined as simillar to density between sinus and oronasal cavity; mild was defined as generally increased density with no significant mucoperiosteal thickning; moderate was partial mucosal thickening without bony hypertropy; severe was total haziness with mucoperiosteal thickening. Gamihyunggyeyungyo-tang was administered mainly. Gamigwaghyangjeungki-san, Gamizwakwi-eum and Gamihyangso-san were administered for through oral route additional symptoms Results: Of the 90 patients, 84 patients showed complete recovery (93%), 4 patients showed no significant interval change(4%) and 2 patients were aggrevated (2%). Sixty patients were severe(67%) and 26 patients were moderate (29%), 4 patients were mild(4%) The duration of treatment was varied with patient conditions (91 days in average); severe were 101.7 days, moderate were 70 days and mild were 63 days. Fifty three patients with maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis were 114 days, 35 patients with maxillary sinusitis only were 71.5 days. Fifty eight patients with both maxillary sinusitis were 94.6 days, 26 patients with either maxillary sinusitis were 65 days. The symtoms of chronic sinusitis were nasal obstruction(75%), cough(69%), purulunt or mucosal discharge(62%), lymphoid follicle(54%), postnasal dripping(49%), headache(23%) and nose bleeding(22%). Conclusion: We know that herbal medicine therapy is the effective treatment of pediatric chronic sinusitis using plain radiograpy and CT. The duration of treatment may be significant assosiation with the location and degree of chronic sinusitis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.145-150
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of ilioinguinal-hypogastric nerve blocks(IHNB) and caudal block in producing post-orchiopexy and post-heniorrhaphy analgesia in children. Forty consenting healthy children, ages 3~10yr, were randomly assigned to receive caudal bupitvacaine (0.125%, 0.5ml/kg), or IHNB bupivacaine (0.25%, 0.3 ml/kg). Blocks were performed following the induction of general anesthesia, be fore the operation. Pre-anesthetic medication in form of atropine 0.01 mg/kg, droperidol 0.05 mg/kg were given intramuscularly one hour before induction to 40 children. Children were induced with thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1 mg/kg intravenously. Anesthesia was maintained with oxygen-nitrous oxide ($FiO_2$ 0.3) and ethrane. When the patients stabilized after induction. IHNB was done in the supine position and caudal block was done in the lateral position. The local anaesthetic was injected after negative aspiration. Postoperative pain was assessed with face pain rating scale (RPRS) at rest on discharge of recovery room, and 5 hours after discharge of recovery room, and the "red and white" visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest and mobilization from supine to sitting position on discharge of recovery room, and 5 hours after discharge of recovery room. Post-operative recovery was quiet and comfortable, without side effect. Relief of ain was complete in both IHNB group and caudal group. Surgeons, parents and recovery room personnel were satisfied. There were no surgical or anesthetic complications. In our study, the postpoerative pain scores were similar in both IHNB group and caudal group. IN conclusion, we found that both IHNB and caudal blocks before the start of surgery for orchiopexy & herniorrhaphy are safe and effective in controlling the postoperative pain of children.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.264-271
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• 2007

Purpose : It is important to take a precise history of patients to diagnose enuresis. However, this is difficult to perform in the outpatient department, because the consultation time is limited. So by taking the medical histories with questionnaires, we classified the enuresis patients into monosymptomatic and non-monosymptomatic groups and compared the clinical characteristics between the two groups in order to determine whether this would aid in the diagnosis and treatment of enuresis. Methods : Thirty-four enuresis patients seen in the Department of Pediatrics at Yeungnam University Hospital from 2004 January to 2005 July were enrolled in this study. Two to three weeks before starting medical treatment, questionnaires about the patients' urination habits and past medical history were taken from the Parents with consents. Results : There were 21 patients in the monosymptomatic group and 13 patients in the non-monosymptomatic group. There was no difference in the delivery mode, birth weight, birth order, sleep habit, constipation, and treatment results between the two groups. Urinary infection was more frequently observed in the non-monosymptomatic group. There was a higher incidence of daytime incontinence and a past medical history of allergy in the non-monosymptomatic group. Oriental medicine was the most common treatment of enuresis before visiting the hospital, but the treatment effect was minimal. Conclusion : Comparison between the monosymptomatic and non-monosymptomatic group with the questionnaires was helpful for detailed diagnosis and treatment of enuresis. A more effective education for enuresis patients is needed, since before visiting the hospital many of them wasted their efforts with ineffective oriental medicine treatment. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2007;11:264-271)

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 2007

To improve academic achievement, the most students not only participate in regular classes but also take various extra programs such as private lessons, private institutes, and educational TV programs. In this paper, we propose a data mining approach to identify which studying methods or usual life patterns during a school vacation affect changes in the academic achievement. First, we derive various studying methods and life patterns that are thought to be affecting changes in the academic achievement during a school vacation. Second, we propose the method of transforming and analyzing data to apply them to decision trees and association rules, which are representative data mining techniques. Third, we construct decision trees and find association rules from the real survey data of middle school students. We have discovered four representative results from the decision trees. First, for students in the higher rank, there is a tendency that private institutes give a positive effect on the academic achievement. Second, for the most students, the Internet teaming sites nay give a negative effect on the achievement. Third, private lessons that have thought to be making a large impact to the achievement, however, do not make a positive effect on the achievement. Fourth, taking several studying methods in parallel nay give a negative effect on the achievement. In association rules, however, we cannot find any meaningful relationships between academic achievement and usual life patterns during a school vacation. We believe that our approach will be very helpful for teachers and parents to give a good direction both in preparing a studying plan and in selecting studying methods during a school vacation.