• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1323-1328
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• 2016

This study aims to identify the beneficial effects of forest experience on emotional changes in young children who are exposed to smartphones in daily life. This research was conducted on 41 children aged five and six years at a kindergarten in Chungcheongnamdo province. The children participated in a five-month forest experience program, conducted twice a week. Before beginning the study, its purpose and procedure were explained to the children's parents and kindergarten teachers, after which written content was collected. Before and after the five-month experience, questionnaires about smartphone use and emotional conditions were administered through the parents. The participants were divided into two groups, namely average-use and high-use groups, depending on the smartphone addiction proneness score. It was found that negative psychological subscales such as anxiety, impulse, and depression decreased following the five-month forest experience in both groups. Positive psychological attitudes such as sociability and creativity increased significantly after the forest experience. The high-use group showed a wider range of positive changes compared to the average-use group. Accordingly, forest experiences can be used as an effective solution for smartphone addiction problems among young children.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.781-790
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the levels of food sanitation knowledge and performance by school food service workers. The data were collected by 440 food service workers in Gyeongbuk province. The collected data were analyzed using the SAS package program (version 8.2 for Window). The results of this study are summarized as follows: 28.6% of the respondents worked in food service at the school where their children attended, 93.6% of the food service workers were part-time employees, and 40.4% had obtained cooking certificates. The food sanitation knowledge scores of food service workers differed significantly according to age (p<0.05), holding of cooking certificates (p<0.01), number of certificates (p<0.01), and whether food service workers is students' parents or not (p<0.01). In addition, the sanitation-performance-degree levels of a few sanitation management items were significantly different according to their food sanitation knowledge level, working time, and whether food service workers is students' parents or not. In conclusion, these factors that improve food service sanitation should be fully considered when food service workers are hired or when food service management policies are established. Additionally, sanitation education and training for school food service workers should be offered regularly with effective education media.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2000

Bacterial wilt(Ralstonia solanacearum) is one of the major diseases of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in the world. This study was conducted to investigate degree of dominance, selection, and correlation between leaf shape and degree of bacterial wilt resistance in flue-cured tobacco. The degree of disease caused by bacterial wilt was evaluated in parents, F$_1$, F$_2$ and F$_3$ populations of two crosses, BY 4 x NC 95 and BY 4 x Coker 86, in the infected field. The leaf shape index was also measured in parents and F$_2$ population of BY 4 x NC 95. The incidence of bacterial wilt was observed in the middle of June and peaked in late July, when the highest value of pathogen density reached 1.0 x 10$^{6}$ colony forming unit per gram. It was concluded that the inheritance mode of risestance to bacterial wilt in the above two crosses of susceptible and resistant varieties was recessive and polygenic. The resistance to bacterial wilt was significantly correlated with leaf shape in F2 generation of BY 4 x NC 95. But certain plants having narrower leaves were also resistant to bacterial wilt. It is considered that the bacterial wilt resistant lines having narrower leaves could be selected. The selection for bacterial wilt resistance in the F$_2$ population might be effective.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.300-310
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• 2004

Purpose: To compare normal weight children with obese children in terms of family factors, eating habits, and sociocognitive factors. Method: This study compared 217 obese children with 231 normal standard weight children of 4th-6th graders from 7 elementary schools in Kangwon province. The study also surveyed 817 their parents using questionnaires in which familial factors, eating habits, and sociocognitive factors such as dietary self-efficacy, locus of control and self-esteem were included. Result: Obese children had more obese family members, more family members with chronic metabolic disease, and lower breast-feeding rate than normal weight group. Dietary self-efficacy was positively correlated with eating habits and locus of control while no correlation was found with obesity index.. Self-esteem was negatively correlate with obesity index. Both the parents and the childrens eating habits showed significant positive correlation to the obesity index. Conclusion: These results implied familial factors, eating habits, and sociocognitive factors influenced childhood obesity. Thus, further research targeting to positive attitude toward familial dietary practices combined with significant sociocognitive factors, may lead to prevention and effective management of childhood obesity.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.263-273
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• 2018

Purpose: This study analyzes meaning-centered intervention studies conducted in Korea and abroad to compare and confirm their characteristics and results. Methods: A literature search using keywords in English and Korean was performed using nine electronic databases in December 2017. Search participants included adolescents, and interventions conducted in meaning-centered intervention studies were selected for evaluation. A Risk of Bias Assessment tool for non-randomized studies was used for quality assessment. Results: All studies were based on quasi-experimental designs. The semantic intervention included topics such as freedom, choice, responsibility, pain, death, finding value of life, purpose and meaning of life, and becoming a master of my life. All studies used logotherapy, and included meaningful interventions that influenced the meaning and purpose of the life of adolescents. The life satisfaction of adolescents changed significantly when there is a positive and open relationship with their parents. Therefore, an educational program for parents based on meaning therapy is desperately needed. Conclusion: Meaning-centered interventions were found to be effective interventions for exploring the meaning of life not only for adolescents with problems but also for healthy youth, and as such could be used as basic data for the development of an appropriate intervention for enhancing their life.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.461-472
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• 2018

Using a sample of third grade middle school students from the forth wave of Children and Youth Panel Survey in 2012, the mediation effects of private educational expenditure between parenting styles and children's academic performance were investigated by applying factor, cluster, tobit, and two stage regression analysis. The major results were as follows. First, four types of parenting style were identified. The most frequent parenting style was ambivalent parenting (tiger parenting) which was followed by authoritative parenting. Second, compared to permissive parenting style, ambivalent, authoritative, and authoritarian parenting styles were significantly associated with more private educational expenditures. Third, more private educational expenditures were significantly associated with higher academic performance of children. I found both a full mediation effect of private educational expenditure for ambivalent and authoritarian parenting styles, and a partial mediation effect for authoritative parents. Authoritative parenting style has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between household income and private educational expenditure, along with a positive direct effect on the academic performance of children. The results suggested that an authoritative parenting style was related with higher academic performance of children with less private educational expenditures compared to other parenting styles. The results also implied that the public policies to enhance authoritative parenting style among parents would be effective to reduce household's private educational expenditures.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.197-207
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurses and the mothers of hospitalized children perceived their partnership and identify the detailed differences in the common domains of partnership between them. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design with semi-structured and open-ended interviews was used. Interviews with mothers of hospitalized children and nurses in the PICU were conducted at a national university hospital in South Korea. Results: Five integrated categories were identified concerning nurses' and mothers' perceptions of partnership. Five common domains were derived by merging the partnership categories perceived by each PICU mother and nurse: expectation of trust, sharing and communication, participation in care, equality in the relationship, and coordination of opinion However, there were significant differences in the composition of the categories of these common domains. Conclusion: These results may facilitate more effective partnerships between parents and PICU nurses. Efforts should be taken to promote the formation of trust between nurses and parents and create an environment that is conductive to regular open communication in particular, steps should be taken to reduce gaps in awareness concerning this partnership and information sharing, nursing methods, and decision-making.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.717-725
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• 2003

Purpose: In an attempt to measure the changes in gender-egalitarianism after sexuality education based on the gender-egalitarianism in middle school students, this study was carried out. Methods: The subjects were 137 students (67 boys and 70 girls) in 4 classes that were randomized from among 8 classes of first graders in a coeducational middle school, in Seoul. By the school nurse with the assistance of an advisory committee on sex education by the MOE, sexuality education was implemented based on gender-egalitarianism. The content was presented over 18 hours during 16 weeks, from September, 2001 to December, 2001. For the pre and post check on gender-egalitarianism, a Gender Egalitarianism Scale modified by the researcher was used. Results: After the sexuality education based on the gender-egalitarianism, there was a significant elevation in gender-egalitarianism(t=4.378, p=0.000). There were no significant differences in the mean changes in gender-egalitarianism according to religion, economy level, educational level of parents, and openness of parents. And little experiences in adult video, no experience in masturbation, and being without the opposite sex were related to significant elevations in gender-egalitarianism. The case of the having the positive sexual attitudes showed a significant elevation in gender-egalitarianism as compared with the case of having negative sexual attitudes. Conclusions: Based on these results, sexuality education based on gender-egalitarianism for youth was effective in elevating gender-egalitarianism scores. Because the case of the wide experiences with sexual behaviors showed a tendency to make low gender-egalitarianism, the education program would be effective to implement early in the school as childhood is a period in which children have a non-established sex-role.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2004

주 양육자와 어린자녀사이에 발생한 여러 애착의 문제들을 애착이론에 근거하여 치료한 네가지의 방법을 검토하였다. 첫째, 부모의 민감도를 증진시키는 방안. 둘째, 부모의 내적표상 및 작동모델(Parent's Representation과 Internal Working Model)을 변화시키는 방법. 셋째, 사회적인 지지를 증진시키는 방법. 넷째, 어머니의 정신건강과 Well-being을 도와주는 방법과 Project STEEP(Steps Toward Effective and Enjoyable Parenting)를 기술하였다. 이러한 리뷰를 통하여 주 양육자의 정서적 반응에 민감성과 반응성이 애착의 발달과 치료의 중요한 요인임을 알게 되었다. 향후 애착문제의 치료시 하기 사항을 특별히 고려하여야 할 것으로 사료된다. 첫째, 참가자의 요구를 충분히 고려할 수 있는 유연성. 둘째, 참가자 주위의 중요한 사람들을 참여 시킬 것. 셋째, 각 개인의 장점을 충분히 살릴 것. 넷째, 가능한 어렸을때 빨리 치료할 것. 다섯째, 장시간에 걸쳐 집중적으로 철저히 치료할 것.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.338-345
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to design an interactive multimedia nutrition education program for preschoolers. Computer technology provides the opportunity to explore new and creative methods of delivering nutrition education to pre-schoolers. If this method is effective, more preschoolers can be reached with accurate and consistent nutrition education with less time and teaching staff. This program is a computer-based multimedia nutrition education program for pre-schoolers based on the Dick and Carey (Dick & Carey 2001) model of instructional design which includes analysis, design, development, and evaluation. The overall instructional goal was based on the needs of the target population. The needs assessment was a self-administered survey distributed to 1,426 parents of preschoolers, focusing on the need for preschoolers' nutrition education. The results of the survey indicated that parents wanted their children to learn reasons for eating nutritious food. Therefore, a program titled 'Nutrition Exploration' was developed with the instructional goal of teaching preschoolers the 5 Food Groups. To achieve this goal, the preschoolers were engaged in a game. They could earn colored jewels by completing the game in five sessions. The story line was that people living in a peaceful kingdom become sick after they lose the jewels. The learner takes an adventurous journey through five different countries to retrieve the jewels. These countries are 'Giwoon nahrah' (foods containing carbohydrates, such as rice and potatoes), 'Sangsang nahrah' (foods that are rich in vitamins and minerals, such as vegetables and fruits), 'Sooksook nahrah' (calcium-con-taming products such as milk), 'Teunteun nahrah' (protein-containing foods such as meat and fish) , and 'Gakeum nahrah' (products with high sugar and fat content, such as instant foods and soda). The learner who obtains five jewels in five different countries can save the kingdom. For the program to be effective and efficient, the multimedia had to be easy for the preschooler to enter, use, and exit. The verbal instructions enhanced child autonomy, and the program was developmentally appropriate so that the young child could easily manipulate the software. This research provides the basis for the continued development of computer-based nutrition education materials.