• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2004년도 정기총회 및 제33차 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.131-134
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• 2004

EM이 돼지 사양에서 육질개선에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 사양실험을 하였다. 일반적으로 사양한 돼지와 EM 축산사료첨가제와 EM 활성액을 정기적으로 급이하여 사양한 EM Pork를 도축한 후 각각의 돈육을 $4^{\circ}C$ 냉장온도와 $-18^{\circ}C$ 냉동온도에서 저장하였다. 그후 일반 돈육과 EM Pork의 일반성분 및 육질의 보존성에 관한 실험을 실시하였다. 단백질 변성에 관한 실험결과 일반 돈육을 5일간 냉동저장한 것은 3.72 mg%를 보였고 EM Pork는 3.2 mg%를 나타내 일반 돈육보다 15% 정도 단백질 변성을 지연시켰다. 또한, 일반 돈육을 5일간 냉장저장한 것은 4.9 mg%를 나타냈으나 EM Pork는 3.19 mg%를 나타내 일반 돈육보다 35% 단백질 변성 억제 효과를 보였다. 또한, 냉동 및 냉장 처리한 일반 돈육의 조단백질 함량은 각각 21.41%와 19.73%인데 비해 냉동 및 냉장 처리한 EM Pork는 각각 22.21%와 21.41%를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 단백질 변성과 관련된 것이라 볼 수 있다. 결론적으로 EM Pork육은 일반 돈육에 비해 단백질 변성 억제 효과가 15${\sim}$35% 정도 우수한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.110-110
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• 2019

Beet (Beta vulgaris) is a crop similar to sugar beet, chard and leaf beets, and its origin is the Mediterranean coast of southern Europe and Central Asia. Among the components contained in beet, betalain, the main component of the root, has been reported to prevent lipid peroxidation induced by active oxygen and free radicals due to its high radical scavenging ability. Among these, the betalain, betanin (Betanidin 5-O-${\beta}$-glucoside) contains both phenolic and cyclic amine groups, all of which are highly electron-donating and act as antioxidants and has tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Betanin accounts for about 75-95% of the total pigment found in the beet. EM stands for effective microorganisms and is a collection of beneficial microorganisms. EM includes yeast, lactic acid bacteria, mycelia, photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, etc. Human patch test according to CTFA guidelines was observed to be a safe source of no stimulation when 5% (v/v) of the EM fermentation liquid was applied to the human body. In addition, beneficial microorganisms are synergistic in the process of co-existence and cultivation and it has the effect of increasing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting corruption. This study confirms the difference in tyrosinase inhibitory activity and betanin content of beetroot extracts and EM fermented beetroot extracts. Hence, these results confirm that EM fermented beetroot extracts are highly beneficial for the human body.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.563-569
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• 2006

It was compared the reduction effect of contaminants and odor according to DO change and EM (effective microorganisms) addition in maturation process of piggery slurry. The maturation processes were divided into three cases as follows: R-1 was operated at $2.5mg/{\ell}$ of DO without the addition of EM, R-2 was operated at $7.5mg/{\ell}$ of DO without the addition of EM and R-3 was operated at $2.5mg/{\ell}$ of DO with the addition of EM. The addition of EM was more effective than the increase of DO for the reduction of CODcr, $NH_3-N$ and T-N in the maturation of piggery slurry. In addition, the reducing effect of odor intensity appeared high even in the short-term maturation period in case of adding EM and one could not even smell the stimulating odor of piggery slurry.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2010

미나리 유기재배 방법을 설정하기 위해 관행 재배구를 대조구로 하고 유용미생물제(effective microorganism), 액상규산염(silicate solution), 및 유기액상비료(organic liquid fertilizer)를 사용하여 재배하였다. 미나리 수확기에 조사한 토양 pH, EC, OM, 유효인산, 치환성 칼슘, 유효규산함량은 수확기에 감소하였고, 치환성칼륨과 마그네슘은 1, 2년차에는 수확기에 감소하였지만, 3년차에는 증가하였다. 대조구에 비해 액상규산염을 사용할 경우 pH, 유기물, 유효인산함량이 감소하였고, 유용미생물제는 치환성 Ca과 Mg, 유기액상비료는 EC와 치환성 Ca과 K가 감소하였다. 미나리에 함유되어 있는 다량원소 가운데 C, N, P, K, 및 S는 대조구보다 함유량이 많았고, Ca과 Mg은 대조구와 비슷하였다. 담배거세미나방과 역병은 모든 처리구에서 비슷한 수준으로 나타났고, 점무늬병은 대조구에서 나타났다. 생육시기별로 처리간에 엽록소 함량 차이는 없었지만, 액상규산염을 사용한 구의 초장은 60.2 cm, 수량 3,698 kg/10a로 가장 적었고, 유기액상비료를 사용한 경우 66.0 cm와 4,387 kg/10a로 가장 많았다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the best method for minimizing the occurrence of Metarhizium anisopliae infection of Protaetia brevitarsis seluensis during mass breeding on agricultural farms. There is a high demand for the use of P. b. seluensis larvae in animal feed and as food for humans. However, mass breeding results in the entomopathogenic fungal (usually M. anisopliae) infection of P. b. seluensis. A mixture of microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) delayed fungal infection by M. anisopliae, which infected fewer P. b. seluensis when the microorganism mixture was added to sawdust as feed for P. b. seluensis. When sawdust with the effective microorganisms (EM) was given to P. b. seluensis for 30 d, their mortality rate was approximately 35 % less than that of the control group, which was fed sawdust without the EM. In addition, the growth of M. anisopliae on agar media spread with each bacterium as inhibited by up to 80 % more than those spread with 4 % sodium hypochlorite, which is a harmless fungal inhibitor generally used in agricultural farms for disinfection.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

Although microorganisms play an important role in composting process, researches on the effective microorganism (EM) in composting process are rarely reported. In this study, three stages of work performed 1) investigation of composting facility 2) sample collection and isolation of the EM 3) lab-scale composting by seeding the isolated EM. For this, purpose, physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, such as temperature, moisture content, organic matter, pH population of microorganism, etc., were investigated during the process and the results were compared with those of a control(non-seeded). In the composting facility, the most active degradation of food waste was suppsed to occur in 10-11th day of composting by observing the temperature and CO2 emission. The population of bacterial and fungi was highest in thermophilic stage. Meanwhile that of actinomycetes and yeast was relatively uniform during the process. In the lab-scale test, the thermophilic stage was maintained longer(more than 9 days in 17 days of experiment) in the seeded which was favored for the high reduction of organic matter and moisture. Reduction rates of lipids and salinity were also increased in the seeded. It confirmed these results that the population of microorganisms in the seeded was observed higher in several orders than the control. However, pH of the seeded was maintained as low as about 4.5 throughout the experiment except the final period of the process. Meanwhile, pH of the control rose in the early stage of the experiment. This was probably due that the seeded microorganisms collected from the composting facility was adapted to the low pH environment.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations of microbial products on growth of chinese cabbage and microorganisms in soil. Two different levels of microbial products, such as 50 times and 100 times diluted solutions of chitosan, wood vinegar and EM activity liquid, were treated for foliar application. the results were summarized as follows : Among foliar applications of microbial products, 100 times diluted solution of chitosan was effective on growth of chinese cabbage comparing to other levels of dilutions and untreated control plot. The number of microorganism in the soil tended to increase under the treatment of microbial products compared to control plot. Especially, the numbers of the bacteria and actinomycetes were estimated $73.67{\times}10^3$ CFU/g and $34.00{\times}10^3$ CFU/g, respectively, under the treatment of 100 times diluted solution of chitosan.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.258-265
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• 2010

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing pruritic inflammatory skin disease. To find new anti-inflammatory products for skin inflammatory disease such as AD and contact dermatitis, we produced the effective microorganism fermentation substance (EM-S) by fermentation of medicinal plants with effective microorganisms including photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, screened the effects of EM-S on NC/Nga model mice. Murine AD-like skin lesions were made by painting Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) extract. Topically applied EM-S significantly reduced clinical severity score, ear thickness and histological grade in AD-like NC/Nga mouse model by Df antigen sensitization. In addition, the serum IgE and Th2 chemokine levels (TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22 and CTACK/CCL27) were significantly reduced by EM-S. Futhermore, skin tissue expressions of Th2 chemokines were significantly reduced by EM-S. These results demonstrate that topical application of EM-S may be improve the AD-like skin lesion by suppressing IgE and Th2 chemokines.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1997

본 연구는 음식쓰레기 분해촉진용으로 시판되고 있는 식종물질을 음식쓰레기에 첨가하여 처리했을 때의 음식쓰레기 분해정도를 숙성퇴비를 사용한 경우와 비교한 것이다. 시판 중인 식종물질로는 GM(Green Microorganisms)과 EM (Effective Microorganisms) 두가지를 실험대상으로 하였다. 음식쓰레기 분해효과를 비교하기 위하여 일반적인 퇴비화실험과 식종물질제품의 시방내용을 준수한 간이처리실험을 병행하였다. 음식쓰레기 분해효과는 온도와 VS 감소율, 그리고 FDA (Fluorescein DiAcetate) 가수분해활성의 변화를 통하여 비교하였다. 온도변화 및 도달한 최고온도를 비교할 때 일반퇴비화실험에서는 $55{\sim}57^{\circ}C$까지 상승하였으나 간이처리실험에서는 거의 온도상승이 관찰되지 않았다. 퇴비화실험에서는 숙성퇴비를 첨가한 음식쓰레기의 최고온도가 GM을 첨가한 경우보다 $2^{\circ}C$ 높았다. VS 함량의 변화를 볼 때 일반 퇴비화실험에는 VS가 27~32% 감소하였으나 간이처리실험에서는 불과 6~7%만이 감소하였다. 퇴비화실험에서 숙성퇴비를 첨가한 음식쓰레기의 VS 감소율은 GM을 첨가한 음식쓰레기의 경우보다 약 5% 높았다. FDA 가수분해활성도를 이용하여 측정한 미생물활성은 퇴비화실험에서는 초기 10일까지 증가한 후 감소하기 시작하였으나 간이처리한 음식쓰레기에서는 초반부터 줄곧 감소하였다. 수치상으로 대소를 비교하여 보면 초반에는 간이처리실험의 미생물활성이 일반퇴비화실험의 경우보다 높게 나타났으나 반응기간이 경과하여도 활성이 계속 감소하여 결국 일반 퇴비화실험보다 미생물활성이 전반적으로 낮았다. 퇴비화실험에서는 숙성퇴비를 첨가한 음식쓰레기의 미생물활성이 GM을 첨가한 경우보다 높았다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

Recently the roof gardening has become very popular and even on the apartment-veranda and on the roofs in high buildings many kinds of vegetables and berries are cultivated. And the demand of the nutritional supplement for the effective plant growth is also increasing. The general urban conditions are to be adapted for plant growth. A different hygroscopic and temperature-conditions after regions, sunshine and wind have strong influences on the plant growth and usually it is not optimal enough. It is because why a nutritional condition in soil for plant growth so important and essential. The usual compound-soil or -fertilizer cannot offer enough quantities of nutrients for plant growth and additional soil conditioner becomes more necessary. There are many kinds of soil conditioners like hydrogel in the market and we studied on Geohumus, Montigel and Geko, which are widely used in Europe and other countries. Water absorption and microbial immobilization with effective microorganisms were tested and compared. The EM solution was identified as bacteria, fungi and azotobacter etc. and they were immobilized at the soil conditioners at first. And the cultivated and immobilized at the soil conditioners EM-solution was added to the plant soil. 1 g of the soil conditioners absorbed ca. 20 g of water. The plant grew 10 cm more, got 3 times more branches and 2 times more fruits in the soil with soil conditioners immobilized with microorganisms. With water addition the plant with both conditions in the soil could stay fresh in comparison to without soil conditioners.