• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1010-1021
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• 1999

Camouflage measures in military purpose utilize the apparent temperature difference between target and background, so it is essential to develop a thermal analysis program for apparent temperature predictions and to apply some camouflage measures to real military targets for camouflage purpose. In this study, a thermal analysis program including conduction, convection and radiation is developed and the validity of radiation heat transfer terms is examined. The results show that longwave radiation along with solar radiation should be included in order to predict the apparent temperature as well as the physical temperature precisely. Longwave emissivity variation as an effective camouflage measures is applied to a real M2 tank. From the simulation results, it is found that an effective surface treatment, such as painting of a less emissive material or camouflage clothing, may provide a temperature similarity or a spatial similarity, resulting in an effective camouflage.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2015

To develop an effective and efficient measurement system for tracking changes of functional status across two measures, it is essential to integrate information and communicate scores across two measures. The lack of communication between two measures leads to score incompatibility. A potential solution would be the development of a crosswalk table between those measures. Prior to creating a crosswalk table, selecting common items between two measures is critical. By using the Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (Oswestry) and a short form measuring disability resulting from low back pain, item level statistics as well as differential item functioning (DIF) using the Rasch measurement were investigated. Eighty-two participants with known group validity were recruited. Based on the application of the Rasch measurement model, item difficulties across the two measures were logically and hierarchically ordered. Ceiling effects for both measures were detected, which were not be able to be effectively measured with the two measures. The DIF analysis across the two measures confirmed that five paired items were found to have DIF and five common items were selected for common items. Although five paired items function differently across the Oswestry and the short form, all items of both measures were well targeted study participants. The common items selected by the Rasch measurement model may be effective when creating a crosswalk table between the Oswestry and the short form.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1987

In Seoul metropolitan area, rockily denuded fores lands are widely distributed. Out of the rock-exposed hillslopes, Kwanak-Samsung mountains and Bookhan-Dobong mountains areas are the most severely eroded land at present To develope the rehabilitation measures for the rock-exposed hillslopes, it is essentially required that mechanisms of rock debris production and movement from the rock-exposed hillslopes should be studied. And also, suitable experiments for planting techniques should be practised at the field level. In this context, some experiments for the on-site fixation of the unstable stone-debris including plantation establishments on the rock-exposed hillslopes, have been carried out for 4 years from 1983 to 1986 at Kwanak mountain hillslopes. The results may be summarized as follows : 1) The soil environment-tolerable tree species for plantation extablishment on rock-exposed hillslopes include Buxus microphylla var. koreana, Forsythia koreana, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Alnus hirsuta and Pinus rigida. These trees have, however, been showed fairly good growth performence at the places having more than about 30cm of soul layer depth above rock-bed. 2) In raising of seedlings to plant on the rock-exposed hillslopes, containerized seedling practices knave been appeared as the most adoptable measures. 3) In fixation of the unstable stole debris-and-sands on the on-site of rock. exposed hillslopes, the stone-lined barrier measures are more effective at comparatively large-sized places of rock-exposed hillslopes while the stone-bowed barrier measures are more effective at small-sifted isolated sold-debris places. The stone-buttressed terraces measures are more effective at the soil-composed hillslopes rather than rock-exposed hillslopes.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.913-917
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• 2009

The measures of leverage in linear regression has been extended to nonlinear regression models. We consider several curvature measures of nonlinearity in an estimation situation. The relationship between measures of leverage and statistical curvature are explored in nonlinear regression models. The circumstances under which the Jacobian leverage reduces to a tangent plane leverage are discussed in connection with the effective residual curvature of the nonlinear model.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2007

This paper is to propose two computation procedures of reliability measures for large interval data. First method is efficient to verify the relationship among four reliability measures such as F(t), R(t), f(t) and $\lambda(t)$. Another method is effective to interpret the concept of various reliability measures. This study is also to reinterpret and recompute the errors of four reliability measures discovered in the reliability textbooks. Various numerical examples are presented to illustrate the application of two proposed procedures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to derive the actually applicable directions and measures for conservation and restoration according to biotope types. Recently biotope project-installing eco-river, restoring damaged area, protecting habitate for flora and fauna- is processed according to being interested in making and restoring the biotope. But it is lack of study to estimate and systematize which biotope preserve and restore primary. For this purpose, the direction and measures of conservation and restoration be applicable to actuality are drafted by a review on the preceded case studies until now at the inside and outside of the country. And then this study proposed the concept, direction and measures for the effective systematic biotope management through continual feed back such as field applications in selected case study areas and consultations. First, the applicable directions and measures for conservation and restoration according to biotope types is suggested with the 'conservation' divided into two parts; protection and maintenance, the 'restoration', and the 'enhancement' divided into two parts; improvement and creation. Second, for the effective biotope management, the biotope types are classified into urban type, agricultural types and natural types according to the naturalness and dominant landscape. However, this study suggests that the direction and measures suitable to the regional conditions should be reviewed enough and selected and also the detail measures should be supplemented with the foundation of directions and measures for biotope conservation and management proposed in this study because the biotope management should consider regional characteristics.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.194-202
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• 2017

In this study, we measured and analyzed electrical noise signals present in devices and systems operated in industrial facilities. Based on the analytic findings, we studied the most effective improvement measures for eliminating such noise signals. Leakage current and ground current generate data interferences in communication systems, and therefore we measured leakage current and ground current. We also measured and analyzed electrical noises in power systems to predict noise pathways and interference routes. Furthermore, we proposed the most effective and reliable improvement measures for blocking off various noise signals and safely eliminating them by improving the internal wiring of the facilities and grounding systems. As a final step, we conducted the proposed improvement measures and confirmed that they helped to improve the operations of the device sand systems in service by re-measuring electrical noise signals and comparing them with those measured before the proposed improvement measures were implemented.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.236-247
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• 2010

This study was preformed to analyze the effect of ISO 26000(Global Standard on Social Responsibility(SR)) establishment and implementation on Korean Industries, and to take proper responsive measures as the results. ISO 26000 Global Standard was begun to prepare the establishment from 2003, and now being ended to be implemented as the effective SR Global Standard. If the ISO 26000 is published, almost countries must prepare the suitable process to implement its contents. But, many organizations involving the government and the enterprises in Korea have not the complete informations and knowledges about the ISO 26000 Global Standard and the implementation processes. This is serious problem. So, this study was aimed and performed to cope with this problem. In this study, the effect analysis of the establishment ISO 26000 Global Standard on Korean Economy and the industries will be performed, and the effective measures to prepare for its implementation will be taken. Especially the measures of the individual company to this situation will be discussed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1990.10a
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• pp.62-67
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• 1990

A number of performance measures have been proposed for the quantification of dexterity for kinematically redundant manipulators. The use of such measures is especially important for kinematically redundant manipulators since they can satisfy the subtasks such as singularity avoidance and obstacle avoidance in addition to satisfying a specification of end-effector motion. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of performance measures proposed up to date are compared through simulations under the same environment. Besides, a new dexterity index for manipulators with multiple degrees of redundancy is proposed and shown to be effective through the simulation.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.95-107
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study compared two measures of traffic flow effectiveness on roads with roundabouts and signalized intersections and determined the more appropriate measure. METHODS : In addition to average delay time, the conventionally used measure, average travel time was introduced to measure traffic flow effectiveness because it is able to be obtained through field survey and reflect different travel distances and speed limits of roundabouts and signalized intersections. Using the two measures, roundabouts and signalized intersections were compared through simulations in terms of traffic flow effectiveness. RESULTS : For one-way single-lane roads, the two measures indicated consistent results that roundabouts were more effective than were signalized intersections when the traffic volume was less than 300 vphpl but vice versa when it exceeded 450 vphpl; however, the measures yielded inconsistent results when the volume was 350~400 vphpl. For one-way double-lane roads, the two measures indicated consistent results that roundabouts were more effective than were signalized intersections when the volume was less than 200 vphpl but vice versa when it exceeded 400 vphpl; however, the measures yielded inconsistent results when the volume was 250~350 vphpl. The results obtained using the two measures differed substantially for double-lane roads because behaviors such as weaving and lane changing at roundabouts are more common in double-lane roads than in single-lane roads. CONCLUSIONS : The average delay time would be lower on roads with roundabouts, but average travel time would be lower on roads with signalized intersections. Thus, evaluating the relative effectiveness of roads with roundabouts and signalized intersections by using average delay time alone would be inappropriate, whereas using average travel time as the evaluation index would yield fairer results.