• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.236-243
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• 2003

Maintaining the required dimensional accuracy after springback becomes the main concern of sheet-forming die designers when formability is secured through beforehand tryouts. As a part to build guidelines for springback control in automobile frame forming, experiments are carried out to show the effects of process parameters, such as holding force, blank size, and lubrication, on corner angles of channels formed by U-bending or by square-cup drawing and trimming. The results predicted by a commercial FE package were compared with the experiment and the current limitations on springback evaluation were closely discussed.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.790-795
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of cycloheximide and holding solution on vase life of cut 'Blue Magic' iris. The vase life of iris flowers held in 3% sucrose (S) + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ hydroxy quinoline sulfate (HQS) + $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $AgNO_3$ + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Benzylaminopurine (BA), 3% S + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS + $10{\mu}M$ cycloheximide (CHI), or 3% S + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS + $50{\mu}M$ CHI were much longer than those held in distilled water. Squeeze stem phenomenon that showed at a holding solution containing $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS disappeared at a holding solution containing $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS. The holding solution containing 3% S + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS + $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $AgNO_3$ + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA extended the most effective treatments on vase life, fresh weight, water balance, and flowering of cut iris flowers. However, the holding solution containing 3% S + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS + $10{\mu}M$ CHI and 3% S + $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ HQS + $50{\mu}M$ CHI was not effective in solution uptake or transpiration, but did result in high water balance. Iris flowers treated with CHI at the half-open flower stage showed increases in ornamental value, such as full flower opening and extended vase life. To improve flower quality and prolonging vase life of cut iris flowers, a holding solution containing $50{\mu}M$ CHI can be used continuously from the half-open stage.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.407-418
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• 2000

The effect of various factors on the results of degassing of AC4C aluminum alloy melt by using rotary degasser were investigated. The difference between the effects of nitrogen gases of commercial pure and high purity grades on the degassing results was not significant. The optimum degassing condition was obtained. The effect of holding and degassing temperature was not significant, either. The result of degassing was deteriorated by the modification treatment of eutectic silicon, meanwhile improved by the grain refining. The effect of the latter was stronger than that of the former when the melt was treated simultaneously. The volume fractions of hydrogen porosity of the castings obtained from the molds with water moisture such as natural and green sand molds were much higher than those from the molds without that such as pep-set and $CO_2$ molds.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2014

In Ti active brazing of YSZ to STS 430 using Ag-Cu Filler Metal, the effect of Ti contents on the shear bonding strength were investigated together with the effect of brazing temperature and holding time. The addition of Ti in Ag-Cu Filler Metal increased the bonding strength up to 4.68% Ti, followed by the decrease with further addition. This seems to be caused by formation of TixOy at the reaction layer. Brazing temperature was optimized at $960^{\circ}C$ among a given temperature ranges. The addion of Sn to Ag-Cu filler metal brought the decrease of its melting temperature its melting temperature without a significant decrease of bonging strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.278-282
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• 2004

Effect of pre-treatment on the gas nitriding process of austenitic stainless steels has been investigated and the following results were obtained. Minimum pre-treatment time was decreased to 5min with increasing treatment temperature from $200^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$. Surface activation effect by the pre-treatment was maintained in the air up to holding time of 64hr, judging from the analysis result of gas nitrided specimens. The Depth of nitrided layer of STS 304 and 316 stainless steels were ranged from $5{\mu}m$ to $90{\mu}m$ at $440^{\circ}C{\sim}600^{\circ}C$. The X-ray diffraction intensity for austenitic stainless steels were increases as nitriding temperature from $440^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 1987

Effects of electrode tips shapes of spot welding on the galvannealed steel have been studied, and the results obtained from this studies are as follows. 1) Expulsion had no effect on the shear strength of the specimen but been observed on the tensile strength of the specimen. 2) Effect of holding time after welding was neglegible when the spot welding supplies enough heat input. 3) Depending on the sopt welding tip shape it has different weldbility. It has better weldability in the order of pointed shape, truncated shape and dome shape. But the effect of coolind was just the opposite of the above order.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the carcass characteristics of crossbred pigs according to mating system, carcass grade and age at marketing. A total of 656 pigs of 128 gilts and 528 barrows were collected and analyzed at public slaughter house. Differences between LY and LYD crossbred on marbling score and water holding capacity were significantly (p<0.05) found. The influences of LY and LYD crossbred on carcass weight, backfat thickness, meat colour, carcass grade and age at marketing were not significantly showed. The carcass weight of D carcass grade was significantly (p<0.05) heavier than that of the other grade. The backfat thickness was significantly (p<0.05) appeared gradually in accordance with the increase of carcass grade. There was significantly difference among the carcass grades on water holding capacity (p<0.05). The differences among the carcass grades on the meat colour, marbling score and age at marketing were not found significantly. The carcass weight of high age group at marketing was significantly heavier than that of the low age group (p<0.05). The backfat thickness of the group of high age at marketing was significantly thicker than that of the group of low age (p<0.05). There were significant differences among age group at marketing in marbling score, carcass grade, and water holding capacity, respectively (p<0.05). The carcass weight was positively correlated with the backfat thickness but negatively correlated with the carcass grade. The correlation between the backfat and carcass grade was significantly negative. The meat colour was negatively correlated with water holding capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.35-47
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of household characteristics on household expenditures on wedding, funeral, ancestor worship, and 60th birthday anniversary. Data for this study were from the 1996 Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey. OLS regression analysis was used to identify the effect of household characteristics on money spent on family ceremony expenditures. The household income, age of head, education of head, and family size were all significant factors for understanding family ceremony expenditures. The results also indicated that additional income from wife's labor force participation was associated with lesser expenditures on family ceremony, while business income, asset income, and transfer income had no effects on this category. The effect of the third quarter of 1996 was significant on family ceremony expenditures, indication that households spent significantly less for this category in the summer than did in the winter, holding other factors constant.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.3-26
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• 1985

The object of this study was to investigate the effects on physical and mechanical properties of wood particle and sawdust board combined with wire net. Conventional forming, press-lam, and veneer comply boards combining one to four wire net sheets were made from wood particle and sawdust with different spacings (8, 10, 12, and 18 Mok) and different wire diameters (0.35, 0.50, and 0.80mm) composing wire net. They were compared and analyzed statistically with specific gravity, thickness swelling, length swelling, bending properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, work to proportional limit, and total work), internal bonding strength, and screw holding strength between wood particle and sawdust boards. The results obtained at this study as cording to the discussions might be concluded as follows; 1. In specific gravity, both particle and sawdust boards by press-lam method were higher than by conventional forming and veneer comply method, and the boards containing more wire net sheets also showed higher value. But the wire net spacings(Mok) had no influence on specific gravity. In general, particle board showed higher specific gravity than sawdust board. Veneer comply board showed lowest specific gravity values. 2. Both particle and sawdust boards by press-lam method was slightly lower than by conventional forming and veneer comply method in thickness swelling. The sawdust board containing 8, 12. and 18 Mok wire net showed lower thickness swelling than the corresponding particle board, but both sawdust and particle boards containing the T8 and 10 Mok wire net showed higher and similar thickness swelling. 3. Both particle and sawdust boards containing wire net showed no difference in MOR and MOE of bending. Comply board was the highest and particle board showed slightly higher than sawdust board in MOR and MOE values. 4. In work to proportional limit and total work in bending, both particle and sawdust boards containing thicker wire diameter and more wire net sheets showed higher value. From these facts, it is conceivable that boards with thicker wire diameter and more wire net sheets show increasing resistance against external force. But there was no significant difference between particle and sawdust borads. 5. In resistance against delamination (internal bonding strength), both sawdust and particle boards containing wire net showed lower value than control, and also showed decreasing tendency with more number of wire net sheet composed. Particle board showed higher resistance against delamination than sawdust board. 6. In screw holding strength, sawdust board containing thicker wire diameter and more wire net sheets showed higher value, but particle board by press-lam method was higher than by conventional forming and veneer comply method. Screw holding strength of particle board was higher than that of sawdust board.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.91-107
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• 2014

The syllable frequency effect is defined as the inhibitory effect that words starting with high frequency syllable generate a longer lexical decision latency and a larger error rate than words starting with low frequency syllable do. Researchers agree that the reason of the inhibitory effect is the interference from syllable neighbors sharing a target's first syllable at the lexical level and the degree of the interference effect correlates with the number of syllable neighbors or stronger syllable neighbors which have a higher word frequency. However, although the syllable frequency can be classified as the syllable type and token frequency, previous studies in visual word recognition have used the syllable frequency without the classification. Recently Conrad, Carreiras, & Jacobs (2008) demonstrated that the syllable type frequency might reflect a sub-lexical processing level including matching from letters to syllables and the syllable token frequency might reflect competitions between a target and higher frequency words of syllable neighbors in the whole word lexical processing level. Therefore, the present study investigated their proposals using word naming tasks. Generally word naming tasks are more sensitive to sub-lexical processing. Thus, the present study expected a facilitative effect of high syllable type frequency and a null effect of high syllable token frequency. In Experiment 1, words starting with high syllable type frequency generated a faster naming latency than words starting with low syllable type frequency with holding syllable token frequency of them. In Experiment 2, high syllable token frequency also created a shorter naming time than low syllable token frequency with holding their syllable type frequency. For that reason, we rejected the propose of Conrad et al. and suggested that both type and token syllable frequency could relate to the sub-lexical processing.