• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

In this study, a wind hazard map over Korea peninsula based on geographical information is developed, which consists of the surface roughness model, the topographical effect model and the homogeneous wind model. The surface roughness model is assessed to evaluate the effect of the surface roughness on the wind field near ground. The topographical effect model is assessed to quantify the effect of the speed-up caused by topology, which is calculated by adopting the topographical effect factor in Korea building code (2005). The homogeneous wind map is created either by a frequency analysis method for meteorological data or a typhoon simulation. The results show that the wind hazard map can be applied to the determination of insurance premium as well as the assessment of loss and damage.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2009

Because of urban development and changed land cover types, It is very important to acquire pixel unit of land surface temperature(LST) information when the heat island effect(HIE) of regional area are investigated. The brightness temperature observed by satellite is very useful for assessing the pixel unit of LST distributions for the analysis of thermal environment problems of urban areas. Also, satellite land cover data are very useful to our understanding of surface conditions of study areas. In this study, brightness temperature information of Landsat TM thermal channel was analyzed and compared with land cover information of Jeon-ju city. The atmospheric correction of TM thermal channel carried out to explain for compared LST long term monitoring errors. However, simple estimation and evaluation methods to find a physical relationship between LST from satellite images and in-situ data are compared with reference channel emissivity.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.20-29
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• 1995

When structures are constructed by welding, structural elements are always accompained by welding residual stress and deformation. Therefore, when the rigidity and strength of the welded structures is considered, it is very important to have sufficient information about the effect of initial deflection and welding residual stress on them. In this paper, the square plates with welding residual stress under compression are dealt with; First, heat conduction and thermal elastic-plastic problems are analyzed by finite element method using 4-node isoparametric elements for assessment on the ultimate strength of welding joint. Later, the ultimate strength of welding joint is assessed by examining the effect of changed type of loading. The specimens are 500{\times}$500mm(a/b=1) and 750{\times}$500mm(a/b=1.5) rectangular plates of whichthicknesses is 9.0mm and simply supported plates getting axiul load in each direction.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1_2
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• pp.55-65
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• 1989

Nevertheless the serious environmental pollution in Korea has been discussed in concern with health effect, the significant effect are not determined easily. Toxicological method has been used to establish safe levels of exposure for environmental pollutants to have threshold health effect below which significant effects are unlikely to occur. However the conventional method cannot to establish safe levels of exposure for non-threshold pollutants have been used to express comprehensive pollution degree, not in detailed toxic effects. Acceptable exposure or risk levels are decides by policymakers who consider descriptions and estimates of risks together with social and economic benefits. This paper focuses on the concept development of risk assessment and describes some risks of environmental pollution based on the surveyed date in Korea. The current concepts of risk assessment in policy descisions can be explored and areas for possible improvement, given current scientific knowledge are identified. The experience of foreign countries can provide a realistic basis for evaluating the existing data of environmental pollutants. To improve the environmental quality, risk regulation should be managed as soon as possible in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.333-338
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• 2001

The object of this work is to develop an assessment system for pipeline integrity. The system consists of four module applications for internal algorithm; the effect of corrosion in pipeline, crack, stress corrosion crack (SCC) and fatigue modules and the effect of cavity. Presently, the module of the external corrosion has been developed and the internal algorithm for the effect of corrosion in pipeline and the database of the system are described in this paper. The database of the system is separated to mainly four parts; geometry of pipeline, material properties, boundary conditions and general properties. Each components of the system are designed by user-friendly concept. This system may give a guideline for maintenance and modifications for the pipeline at the industrial sight. Furthermore, a procedure to evaluate an inspection interval is also provided.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.119-123
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• 2006

Objectives : Therapeutic effect of Balance Appliance of functional cerebrospinal therapy (FCST) for meridian and neurologic yinyang balance was observed in a refractory torticollis case. Methods : A post-traumatic severe torticollis case with 18 years of duration was managed by the Balance Appliance on temporomandibular joint (TMJ), combined with acupuncture and manual medicine. Results : Assessment was made by self assessment of subjective symptoms and clinical observacon. The patient reported over-90% remission and returned to ordinary daily life after 20months of therapy, which effect was reported to maintain for 9 months. Conclusions : An impressive effect was observed and further clinical and biological research on FCST is expected.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.4522-4533
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• 2022

For severe accident assessment of reactor pressure vessel (RPV), it is important to develop an accurate model that can predict transient thermo-mechanical behavior of the RPV lower head under the given condition. The present study revisits the lower head failure with two- and three-dimensional finite element models. In particular, we aim to give clear insight regarding the effect of the three-dimensionality present in the distribution of the thickness and thermal load of the lower head. For a rigorous validation of the result, both the OLHF-1 and the OLHF-2 tests are considered in this study. The result suggests that the three-dimensional effect is not negligible as far as the failure location is concerned. The non-uniformity of the thickness distribution is found to affect the failure location and time. The thermal load, which may not be axisymmetric in general, has the most significant effect on the failure assessment. We also observe that the creep property can affect the global deformation of the lower head, depending on the applied mechanical load.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1096-1106
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• 1995

We experienced 7 cases of left single lung transplantation in 14 mongrel dogs and analyzed graft lung function by hemodynamics, blood gas analysis, chest X-ray, biopsy and perfusion lung scan. We performed right pulmonary artery cuff[PA cuff for analysis of graft lung function in 3 cases. The donor lungs were flushed with modified Euro-Collins solution[n=3 or low potassium dextran glucose solution[n=4 and preserved for 4 to 5 hours[n=4 or 24 hours[n=3 at 10o C and implanted to the dogs with similar weight . Assessment of left graft lung was done by occluding the right pulmonary artery for 10 minutes using PA cuff. Assessment for graft lung function was done immediately after an operation and after 3 days, 7days and 3 weeks postoperatively. Four dogs survived for 3days, 7days[2 cases and 3 weeks respectively. Other three dogs expired within 3 hours of reperfusion. Immediate perfusion scans of left lung in four survived dogs after reperfusion were 42.1%, 36% , 11% and 5.9% respectively, and another dog with 4.8% perfusion to left lung was dead due to left atrial thrombi after 3 hours reperfusion. In one case among three acute rejections follow-up perfusion scan was done on 3rd and 11th postoperative day and the result decreased from 36% perfusion immediate postoperatively to 21% and 15% respectively. Three expired dogs postoperatively couldn`t tolerate occlusion of right pulmonary artery with above 40 mmHg of mean pulmonary artery pressure. On the other hand, three survival dogs postoperatively tolerated occlusion of right pulmonay artery with less than 30 mmHg of mean pulmonary artery pressure. and one dog couldn`t tolerate same procedure immediate postopertively but in 2 hours reperfusion later tolerated with 29 mmHg of mean pulmonary artery pressure.In conclusion we couldn`t compare the effect of two flushing solutions but low potassium dextran glucose solution showed relatively safe preservation effect in cases with preservation of more than 20 hours. Also canine left single lung transplantation model with PA cuff indicated useful method for the assessment of graft lung function with effect of lung preservation.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.165-198
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is to improve the writing ability of students by an ideal test model of English writing based on strategies of procedural learning stages enhancing the level of students' writing ability. Assessment of writing in the field of English education has been limited so far to very restricted areas with no appropriate scientific scrutiny. Assessment is really meaningful only when it exactly estimates the ability of students. Since English writing competence has become indispensable in this era of global village, writing instruction should be most emphasized. The most forceful method of busting writing instruction is to utilize the so-called washback effect of testing. So, to develop a good test model of writing, the first thing that is required is to inspect writing strategy in steps and, then, testing itself. First of all, analyzed with a special reference to the 6th high school English curriculum were the goals and contents of the syllabus reflected in one kind of junior high textbook and eight different kinds of senior high textbooks. Then questionnaires on the whole area of writing and tendencies of English writing classes were given to 100 English teachers, 300 students. The results of questionnaires were statistically analyzed. Then, some suggestions and opinions about the questioning method were made: the procedural strategy in steps, English writing instruction and test model of assessment were applied to the syllabus referring to teaching plans. On the bases of the results of the questionnaires, three pretests and a final test of English writing were administered to verify the effect of enhanced English writing competence which had been gradually promoted and, through the promotion, produced the test criteria of English writing. In conclusion, guidance and evaluation of English writing through in steps are really indispensable to increase student's practical ability and, accordingly, we are in need of the development of a testing method of useful writing practiced in school class above anything else. So, it is necessary to further the study on methods to assess writing ability on the bases of participation and fluency of students with their keen interest in English. Also, to intensify the effect of the test model, more accommodating reorganization of syllabus is required in our education. For instance, we need a flexible operation in organizing time units from the current 50 minutes to 100-130 minutes.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2019

To study the cleaning effects and post-treatment stability assessment of various methods of cleaning textiles with metal thread, six naturally-soiled historical textiles with metal thread were investigated at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Prior to the cleaning of fabricated gold, silver, and copper thread that had been glued onto a paper substrate, the artificial deterioration was carried out in a controlled environment with light(UV and daylight), and temperature and humidity factors which would weaken and damage the samples. A synthetic soil mixture was applied to the samples to imitate soil found on the historic and archaeological textiles with metal thread; the cleaning effect and post-treatment assessment were investigated by use of three textile cleaning methods: mechanical cleaning, wet cleaning, and solvent cleaning. While investigating the naturally-soiled textiles with metal thread, it was determined that the soil colors and sizes of contaminating particles of each textile were different due to the diversity of original environmental factors and conditions. After cleaning with kneaded rubber, Stoddard solvent, n-decane or n-hexane, a bright, clean effect was apparent. Kneaded rubber was successful in picking up both large and small particles, but its stickiness caused some of the metal leaf to peel off. Stoddard solvent produced a good cleaning effect, but after use of n-hexane and n-decane in the cleaning process, a white layer of residue remained on the textile's surface. Wet cleaning was not effective and the rapid humidity changes between wet and dry conditions caused the edges of the paper substrate to lose their original shape.