• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of eco-friendly leather dyeing by utilizing food wastes. Natural dyeing of eel skin was attempted using onion peels which have been used commonly for natural dyeing of textile fabrics. Eel skin is a by-product from fishery processing and is used mainly for making leather products. The colorant was extracted from onion peels in boiling water, concentrated, and freeze-dried. Dyeing of eel skin was carried out to study the effects of dyeing conditions, mordant type and mordanting method on dye uptake, color change, drape stiffness and colorfastness. The optimum dyeing conditions were $60^{\circ}C$ of dyeing temperature, 60min of dyeing time at 1:100($H_2O$ 90%: ethanol 10%) of bath ratio. The onion peels produced yellowish color on eel skin. The pre-mordanting was effective than the post-mordanting. As a result of the drape stiffness measurement, the Fe-mordanted sample was somewhat stiffer comparing to other mordanted samples. The light fastness of the non-mordant dye was excellent in 3-4 grade. Drycleaning fastness and rubbing fastness showed excellent results, but fastness was not significantly improved by mordanting.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.316.1-316.1
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• 2002

Dermatan sulfate (DS) was isolated from eel skin (Anguilla japonica) bv actinase and endonuclease digeslions followed by ${\beta}$-elimination reaction and DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. DS was a major glycosaminoglycan in eel skin with 88% of the total uronic acid. The content of IdoA2S$\alpha$1longrightarrow4GalNAc4S sequence in eel skin. which is known to be a binding site to heparin cofactor II. was two times higher than that of dermatan sulfate from porcine skin. The anti-lla activity of eel skin dermatan sulfate mediated through heparin cofactor ll(NCL) was 25 units/mg. whereas DS from porcine skin shows 23.2 units/mg. The average molecular weight was determined as 14 kDa by gel chromatography on a TSKgel G3000SWXL column. Based on H1 NMR spectroscopy. we suggest that 3-sulfated and/or 2.3-sulfated ldoA residues are present in the chain.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.134-139
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• 1996

연근해산 수산물중 부산물의 양이 많은 붕장어껍질, 말쥐치껍질 및 화살오징어껍질을 대상으로 수산 연제품의 품질개선제로 사용하기 적절한 수산물껍질 젤라틴의 원료를 검색하였다. 콜라겐함량은 붕장어껍질(24.69%)이 가장 많았고, 다음으로 말쥐치껍질(20.03%)이었으며 화살오징어껍질은 12.62%에 불과하였다. 콜라겐의 조성은 어류껍질의 경우 가용성획분$(67.4%{\sim}72.3%)$이 불용성획분보다 높았으나, 화살오징어껍질의 경우 불용성획분(69.6%)이 가용성획분보다 높았고, 아미노산조성은 가용성획분 및 불용성획분 간에 차이가 없었다. 연근해산 수산물껍질의 콜라겐은 ${\alpha}$ chain과 ${\beta}$ chain으로 구성되어 있었고, ${\alpha}$ chain은 동일종이 아닌 hetero형 이었다. Imino acid 조성비, proline의 수산화정도 및 열변성온도는 붕장어껍질 콜라겐이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 말쥐치껍질 콜라겐 및 화살오징어껍질 콜라겐의 순이었고 또한 이들 껍질로부터 추출한 젤라틴의 물리적 특성도 열변성온도의 경향과 같았다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1573-1580
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• 2016

The disease occurred in cultured eel (Anguilla japonica) in a recirculatory culture system without any separated filtration apparatus. As the pond had a high level of nitrite with $60mg/{\ell}$, 1% NaCl was added to reduce nitrite toxicity to eel. The first outbreak was observed a week after the NaCl treatment and continued for 10 days. Accumulated mortality was about 0.2-0.5%. Affected fish ranged from 150-350 g were usually anorexic and exhibited yellow colour in the skin of the abdominal region and at the base of pectoral fins, as well as in the eyes. In a few individuals with severe symptoms, the lateral skin was also yellowish. The spleen, kidney, muscle and gall bladder were yellowish and the liver was pale-yellow colour but green on the posterior part. The gall bladder was shrunken without bile. Some abnormal erythrocytes such as "tear drop" cells (dacrocyte) were observed in peripheral blood smears stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa. Hematocrit values and hemoglobin contents in the jaundiced eel were significantly lower compared with apparently heathy eel. Severe haemosiderosis accompanied by erythrophagocytosis was found in the kidney and spleen. Haemosiderin deposits were observed in macrophages of the haematopoietic tissue of the kidney and in the splenocytes. But no significant alterations were found in the hepatic cells. In this study we report the first outbreak of jaundice in cultured eel in Korea. Pathological and hematological investigations suggested that severe hemolysis may resulted in jaundice in eel although the cause of hemolytic jaundice was not identified in this study.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.274-281
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• 1996

어류껍질을 식용 젤라틴의 원료로 이용할 목적으로 붕장어 껍질을 시료로 한 젤라틴의 제조조건과 적정 조건으로 제조한 젤라틴의 특성에 대하여 검토하였다. 붕장어 껍질 젤라틴의 적정 제조조건은 다음과 같았다. 탈지 붕장어껍질을 1% 수산화칼슘 현탁액에 2일 동안 침지한 다음 수세 및 탈수하고, 전처리 껍질에 대하여 8배의 증류수를 가하여 $50^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 동안 추출한 다음 원심분리 및 감압여과한다. 이를 양이온(Amberlite IR 900) 및 음이온(Amberlite 200C) 교환수지로 통과시키고, 이어서 정제 젤라틴용액을 농축한 다음 건조한다. 시제품 붕장어껍질 젤라틴의 겔강도, 졸화온도, 겔화온도 및 색차와 같은 물리적 특성값은 각각 240.5g, $28.0^{\circ}C,\;21.0^{\circ}C$ 및 20.5이었고, 용해도, 지방흡수력, 유화성 및 유화안정성과 같은 기능적 특성값은 각각 56.8%, 1.8ml/g, 55.0% 및 48.5%이었으며, 수율은 약 49%이었다. 붕장어점질 젤라틴으로 제조한 유화물을 6% 혼합하여 만든 연제품은 유화물 무첨가 연제품에 비하여 색조를 제외한 개선효과는 없었다. 붕장어껍질 젤라틴을 연제품의 품질개량제로 사용하기 위하여는 제조방법의 개선이나 수식 등의 처리가 이루어져야 하리라 판단되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.189-195
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• 1978

수산물 가공시 부산물로 얻어지는 어피를 보다 효율적으로 이용할 수 있는 방법을 검토하기 위하여 붕장어 피와 먹장어피를 원료로써 피교를 제조할 때의 최적가공조건 및 제품의 이화학적 성상을 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 전어휴중량에 대한 피의 수율은 붕장어피가 $10.6\%$, 먹장어피는 $11.4\%$였다. 붕장어피교의 최적가공 조건은 알칼리용액 침지용액의 알칼리농도 $0.3\%$, 첨가수량은 원료피중량의 6배, 추출온도 $60^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 4시간, 추출용액의 pH 5.5였다. 먹장어 피교 최적가공조건은 알칼리용액침지시간 3시간, 추출용액의 pH 5.0, 첨가수량은 원료피 중량의 9배, 추출시간 3시간이었으며, 기타 조건은 붕장어 피교의 최적조건과 같았다. 붕장어 및 먹장어 피교제품의 단백질함량은 각각 $91.5\%$ 및 $90.2\%$였으며, 지방함량이 시약급 gelatin 보다 다소 많았으나 다른 일반성분 조성은 시판 gelatin과 비슷하였다. 붕장어 및 먹장어 피교제품의 점도는 13.6 및 12.9 였고, 융점은 $15.2^{\circ}C$ 및 $14.8^{\circ}C$, 응고점은 $6.2^{\circ}C$ 및 $4.3^{\circ}C$였고, jelly 강도는 13.0g 및 23.3g 이었다. 탁도는 시약급 gelatin보다 악간 높았으나 시판건조 아교보다는 훨씬 낮았다. 피교제품의 이화학적 성상으로 보아 붕장어피교 및 먹장어 피교는 양질의 어교라는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.358-366
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• 2012

A novel neuropeptide was isolated from the skin of the conger eel Conger myriaster using hagfish Eptatretus burgeri intestine as a bioassay system. The sequence of the purified peptide was analyzed using automated amino acid sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrophotometry. The molecular ion peak in the MALDI-TOF mass spectrum of the peptide was at m/z 962.89 $(M+H)^+$. The sequence of the peptide was determined to be L-P-M-L-E-T-Q-M, and was tentatively named comyrin. To investigate the complete primary structure of comyrin, comyrin-OH and comyrin-$NH_2$ were synthesized and the chemical and pharmacological properties of the synthetic peptides were compared with those of the native peptide. However, the elution time of synthetic peptides did not match that of the native peptide on the reverse-phase HPLC chromatogram. In addition, the synthetic peptides did not cause contractile activity in the intestinal smooth muscle of the hagfish. Based on these results, one possible reason for this disagreement may be the presence of a D-amino acid in comyrin.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2003

The skin of the eel goby, Odontamblyopus lacepedii, consists of epidermis, dermis and subcutis. The epidermis has three layers: the outermost layer, middle layer and stratum germinativum. The outermost layer is composed of polygonal cells or rather flattened cells, and mucous gland cells of acid mucopolysaccharides. The middle layer consists mainly of swollen small or voluminous epidermal cells and shows a web-shaped structure. The thickness of the epidermis depends on the various sizes and the number of layers of the swollen cells. Well-developed lymphatic spaces containing lymphocytes exist in the stratum germinativum and small scales are embedded in the dermis. A large number of blood capillaries are present just below the basement membrane, and a definite area giving AB and PAS positive was present between the basement membrane and scales, Taste buds ave distributed on surface of the epidermis at intervals. Considering the structural features of the skin, it may be considered that O. lacepedii is more likely to be related to cutaneous respiration as a dual respiratory system.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

In this study, eco-friendly functional leather was developed by recycling wastes such as eel skin, marigold(Tagetas erecta l.), hinoki cypress(Chamaecyparis obtusa). The hot water extracts of marigold and hinoki cypress leaves were freeze-dried at $-80^{\circ}C$ to prepare colorant powder. The dyeing of eel leather with marigold was carried out to investigate the effects of dyeing conditions, mordanting on dye uptake, color, morphological change, and color fastness. Considering shrinkage of eel leather caused by dyeing, the optimum dyeing conditions were $60^{\circ}C$ of dyeing temperature and 60 min of dyeing time at 1:100 of bath ratio, and color of the dyed eel leather was Y to YR Munsell series. In order to prevent the degradation of leather from microbe, we conducted combination dyeing with marigold and hinoki cypress leave colorants. In this case, the combination dyed eel leathers showed excellent antimicrobial activity with above 99% bacterial reduction rate against S. aurieus and K. pneumoniae. It was confirmed that all of the dyed eel leathers were sufficient to meet the Korean Standard for color fastness of leather products. It can be applied practically for the development of eco-friendly functional leather by utilizing some useful active components extracted from plant resources and by recycling food wastes.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2008

The effects of dietary yeast β-glucan administration on growth, nonspecific immune responses, serum lysozyme, skin mucous lysozyme, NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium) reduction by phagocytes, and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica were evaluated. Fish were fed the diets supplemented with 0%, 0.1% and 0.5% of yeast β-glucan to a commercial diet for 6 weeks. The body weight gain from the fish fed on the 0.5% supplemented diet for 6 weeks was significantly higher than the control. Both serum and skin mucous lysozyme were significantly higher in the all experimental groups except 2 weeks of 0.5% group. The bactericidal activity of serum was slightly increased at 6 weeks. Also, The intracellular superoxide anion production of kidney phagocytes was significantly higher in the all experimental groups. The diet supplemented with 0.1% were also found to raise the relative percent survival (RPS) of Japanese eel after an artificial challenge with 1×107 cells of Edwardsiella tarda per fish. The results suggested the potential of yeast β-glucan to activate some innate immune responses and to improve the growth in Japanese eel.