• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2007

Ministry of Education and Human Resources presented on December, 2006, 'Alternative school establishment and operation regulation' of contents that can be recognized attainments in scholarship because is authorized if alternative schools fulfill fixed condition. Even though, one time, it was true that several opinions which try to limit to adaptation school of person disqualified for school, thus, various discussion and efforts that specialized school for alternative education does to grow are appearing. However, the expectation which a lot of non authorized schools will apply is not so high because specialized school for alternative education will be controlled in free curriculum and school operation that have been administered and can not be guaranteed school's sell-regulation if acquire legal authorization. Under such social and educational background I surveyed present condition, law, system, literature investigation of existing study, Japanese system and example and authorized two sample specification schools etc. through 'A Basic Study on the Optimum Facilities Criteria Modeling of Regional Specialized Schools for Alternative Education(2006. 10)'. This study was preceded the succession and I visited 17 schools that permit investigation opening of schools among 29 that is authorized until present. So I try to find out architectural planning criteria to activate specialized school for alternative education more through analyzing school's general present condition, establishment idea, operation and specialized education plan, facilities present condition and characteristic.

• 전자통신동향분석
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.83-95
• /
• 2022

5G goes beyond people to serve indoor and outdoor companies and industries, as well as campuses such as halls, industrial complexes, educational institutions, stadiums, dense urban areas, rural areas, and government institutions. Therefore, a new approach to small cells is needed. Accordingly, 3GPP and Small Cell Forum are researching 5G small cell architecture; 3GPP, Small Cell Forum, and 5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation are also researching private networks tailored to meet the specific requirements of various companies and local governments. In particular, in the UK, a small cell-based technology is required for realizing the Joint Operator Technical Specifications-Neutral Host In-Building specification to cost-effectively secure indoor coverage. Further, the research on the SON(Self-Organizing Network) technology for small cells in 5G, where commercialization has begun, is required. The 5G-based small cell structure, private network, and Neutral Host In-Building and SON reviewed in this study are at the initial research stages; therefore, additional research is needed to secure the competitiveness of the small cell technology in 5G and Beyond 5G.

• 한국교육학연구
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.5-33
• /
• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 2015 개정 교육과정이 제시하고 있는 핵심역량과 교과역량에 대한 교육과정 선도교원들의 의견을 분석하고, 교육과정 개발과 역량교육 구현을 위한 시사점을 도출하는 데 있다. 연구 결과, 선도교원들은 핵심역량의 도입, 담당 교과의 교과역량 설정과 구현 가능성에 대해서는 전반적으로 긍정적이었으며 총론의 핵심역량이 각 교과의 교과역량과 높은 관련성을 지니고 있는 것으로 인식하였다. 그러나 핵심역량과 교과역량이 교육과정 문서의 면면에 잘 구현되지는 못한 것으로 판단하였다. 또한 역량교육의 구현에 있어서는 역량중심의 교과서 개발이나 컨설팅 장학과 같은 외부적 지원보다는 교사 공동체의 자발적 연구 노력을 가능하게 하는 문화 속에서 학생 참여 수업을 진행할 수 있는 교사 능력을 개발할 수 있도록 지원하는 것이 가장 큰 관건이 될 것으로 인식하였다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 결론에서는 교육목표를 안내하는 항목들과 핵심역량의 관계 정비, 교과역량 설정의 재고, 교육내용-방법-평가에 역량교육의 구체화, 역량중심의 교과서 개발보다는 교사 역량 강화와 교과간 협력을 위한 자발적 노력을 가능하게 하는 지원과 정책의 필요성 등을 제안하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.331-337
• /
• 2009

The principal objective of the present study was to survey the demands of an education program for evaluations of the efficacy of health functional foods. A questionnaire was developed and sent to 2,225 members of the Biofood Network Center. A total of 101 (4.6%) individuals responded, 54.5% of the respondents were male and 45.5% were female; the respondents' occupations (in order of prevalence) were as follows: company worker (48.5%)>researcher (27.7%)>student (13.9%)>professor (5.0%)>pharmacist (2%), and dietitian (2%). The businesses in which the respondents worked were (again in order of prevalence) as follows: research & development (64.4%)>marketing (11.9%)>consultation and education (5.9%)>manufacturing and others (17.9%). 41.6% of the respondents reported experience in businesses relevant to KFDA approval for functional ingredients and health functional foods. The results showed that 63.4% of the respondents had previously been educated about functional foods; the types of education program reported were (in order of prevalence): 'overview and acts of health functional food' (n=49)>'standards and specification for health functional food' (n=41)>'efficacy evaluation-human study' (n=24)>'safety evaluation' (n=21)>'efficacy evaluation-in vivo study' (n=13)>and 'others' (n=10). Respondents preferred off-line education programs (62.4%) to on-line programs (22.8%). The preferred duration of an educational program was '$2{\sim}3$ days: total $14{\sim}24$ hours' (30.7%); thus, short-term programs were favored. The primary requirements of a program, from the perspective of the learner, were as follows (scored on a 7-point scale); 'efficacy evaluation and case study-human study' (5.80 points)>'standards and specification for health functional food' (5.72 points)>safety evaluation' (5.7 points)>'overview and acts of health functional food' (5.67 points) and 'efficacy evaluation methods of health functional food by efficacy (intensive)' (5.67 points). Preference for functionality was as follows; 'body weight & body fat' (21.8%), 'immune function' (18.8%) > 'blood glucose' (10.9%). In summary, the educational demand for 'efficacy evaluation and case study' was highest among the curriculum options provided, and with regard to functionality, 'body weight & body fat', 'immune function' and 'skin care' were considered most important by respondents. These results differed among respondents with different jobs and duties, and this suggests that customized education programs for health functional food should be developed.

• 정보교육학회논문지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.353-360
• /
• 2004

웹은 이제 더 이상 무의미한 정보의 바다가 아니라, 의미있는 정보를 사용자에게 정확하게 전해줄 수 있는 새로운 Semantic Web 시대를 맞이하고 있다. 그 출발점이 XML과 메타데이터였다면 웹의 자원을 연결시켜 주는 RDF를 거쳐, 이제는 의미와 논리가 Ontology를 통해 자리 잡고 있다. 현재 국내의 많은 웹 교육 자료들이 한국교육학술정보원의 메타데이터형식(KEM)에 메타데이터가 구축되었다. 따라서 우리나라도 이제는 의미와 논리의 형식을 연구해야 될 시기가 되었다. 하지만, 국내의 많은 연구자들은 KEM보다 DublinCore의 DC와 SCORM의 LOM의 연구에 더 적극적이다. 따라서 현재는 의미와 추론의 연구보다 세 개의 서로 다른 메타데이터를 엮어서로 공유하고 통합할 수 있는 방법의 연구가 선행되어져야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 세 메타데이터 형식을 통합해주는 Ontology를 설계해 보고, 프로토타입 검색 시스템을 구현해 보았다. 연구 결과 세 메타데이터의 많은 요소들이 서로 같은 요소 이름과 의미를 가지고 있었고, 몇 개의 요소들은 서로 같은 의미이지만 다른 요소 이름을 가지고 있었다. Ontology를 설계할 때 이렇게 동일한 의미를 가진 다른 이름의 요소들은 일대일 매핑 기법을 적용하여 설계하였다. 본 연구에서 설계한 Ontology가 세 가지 다른 형식의 메타데이터를 통합하는 통합 스키마로 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 더불어 검색 결과를 좀 더 다양하게 동의, 반의, 계층, 연관 관계까지 제공하기 위해서는 좀 더 정교한 속성 설계가 필요하였다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
• /
• 제6권
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 2005

The age of the very first smoking is a significant indicator of life-long health status. Smoking prevention intervention was actively conducted based in middle and high schools with the support of the Korean Act for Health Promotion since 1998. These governmental supports became large and various smoking prevention programs were developed and conducted in diverse standards and perspectives. This study made a comprehensive descriptive literature review on smoking prevention educational programs for youth in Korea to identify the intervention quality and effectiveness of them for future smoking prevention program development. A total of 28 peer-reviewed journal articles published between May, 1995 and May 2005 (for the last 10 years) were finally included in this review process. The study participants should be adolescences in middle or high schools in Korea and the intervention types of the review studies should be smoking prevention or cessation educational programs. The outcomes of the reviewed studies were reanalyzed by the participants' characteristics, theory basement, evaluation design, intervention period, evaluation outcomes, and program effectiveness Most smoking intervention programs were not specified by sex and smoking status. Largely most intervention programs focused on male students although female students' smoking percent is increasing including both smokers and nonsmokers. Based on the school grades, the large percents of smoking intervention were conducted to the first grade of middle school and the first grade of high school. Almost 70% of the reviewed studies did not apply any health behavior change theories and the Transtheoretical model and social cognitive theory were utilized in 7 studies among the last reviewed 30%. The theory-based intervention studies had greater effectiveness than the non-theory based studies. More than 90% had quasi-experimental evaluation design and the effectiveness of the non-experimental designed study seemed over estimated than the quasi-experimental or experimental designed studies. More than 60% of the reviewed studies made their education for less than j days, over a short period and the evaluation factors were knowledge and attitude in general which can be obtained in short intervention period. Therefore, smoking intervention programs for youth in Korea need to be modified in terms of research design such as the intervention period, intervention-evaluation design, theory-based approach, and population-focused intervention specification.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.250-259
• /
• 1996

The school foodservice(FS) dietitians of conventional, co-management and central kitchen systems were compared for their levels of fatigue degrees in order to examine their work specification but no to diminish their educational roles. One hundred and thirtheen primary schools in Taejon and Chungcheongnam-Do participated in the survey, of which foodservice were consisted of 99 conventional types, 7 comanagement types and central kitchen types. Information was collected about the various working hours dietary behavior and fatigue symptoms of the dietitians. The results of this study were as follows : Among 3 school foodservice types, dietitians spent 8 hours and 16 minutes daily for their for their work on the average. However, the central kitchen type dietitans in cities spent 3 hours more compared to the others. The data from the dietitians' work schedule sheets showed that the 5 parts of dietitian's duties set in the school foodservice laws were not well performed. In the central kitchen type they spent more time for food production whereas in the conventional they spent more time for menu formation and hygiene control. It was found that fatigue levels of school foodservice dietitians were chronic with no difference among foodservice systems or among school locations. Our results indicated that nutrition education in primary schools was almost neglected. It is suggested that the school foodservice should meet all the objectives of school-lunch program even though they saved dietitians' work load more or less. The importance of students to improve their dietary habits could never be overlooked. (Korean J Community Nutrition 1(2) : 250-259, 1996)

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.223-236
• /
• 1997

One faces four major developmental tasks to achieve in young adulthood, ages between 20 and 40 : intimacy, vocation, marriage and child-rearing. Intimacy is the capacity to commit oneself to concrete affiliations and partnerships and to develop the ethical strength to abide by such commitments, even though they call for significant sacrifices and compromises. Through vocation and marriage young adults become united to networks of persons, find tasks that demand involvement, and gain roles into which they fit and are fitted and which help define their identities. An occupation represents much more than a set of skills and functions : it means a way of life. The extent of vocational choice increases with educational level, and the unconscious factors are frequency the decisive element. The vocational choice stare with fantasy choices in childhood, passes through tentative choices in adolescence, realistic choices in college days, and crystallized choices in post-college days, and finally ends up to the choice of specification. Along with the hazards and the need for realignment of personality functioning, the marriage brings with it new opportunities for self-fulfillment and completion. Motives other than a romantic love gain more importance in the decision to marry and in the choice of a partner. The impulsions to marry are sexual gratification, the desire to propagate, narcissistic gratification, and a need of interdependence. Many factors such as oedipal wishes, sexuality and sexual attractions, socio-economic classes, and geography involve in selection of marriage partner. There are also various motivations to marry a romantic love, the desire for a home of one's own, sexual attractions, the wish for security and a shelter, and the wish for children. The hostile marriage, the marriage on the rebound, the marriage rooted in rescue fantasies, and sado-masochistic marriage are the examples of pathological marriages. A successful marriage will usually both Lead to and require a marked reorganization of the personality structure of each partner that will influence the lurker personality development of each. Many marital problems are largely dependent upon the personality characteristics of one partner which might well create difficulties no manor who was the spouse.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제35권12호
• /
• pp.741-752
• /
• 2008

관점지향 소프트웨어 개발방법(AOSD)은 시스템을 관심사별로 분류하고 횡단관심사를 식별하여 애스팩트 클래스로 구성함으로써 높은 유지보수성이 요구되는 사용자 중심의 시스템 설계를 위한 중요한 소프트웨어 개발방법으로 부각되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 관점지향 소프트웨어 개발방법에 대한 연구들은 횡단관심사의 식별과 명세에 대한 연구들과 애스팩트 클래스를 중심으로 하는 시스템 구현에 대한 연구들이 대부분이며, 식별된 횡단관심사의 추적 방법에 대한 연구들은 매우 미흡하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 AOSD를 기반으로 시스템 모델링 단계에서의 횡단관심사 추적을 위한 관점지향 슬라이싱 기법을 제안하였다. 유스 케이스들 간의 상호작용 분석을 통해 횡단관심사를 식별하여 명세한 후 식별된 횡단관심사 추적을 위한 슬라이싱 기법을 제시하였으며, 사례연구를 위해 학습관리시스템(LMS)에 이 기법을 적용하였다. LMS는 시스템 기능의 잦은 변경 및 확장 요구가 많은 사이버교육 시스템으로 이 시스템의 개발에 유지보수성을 높이는 AOSD를 적용하는 것은 매우 효과적인 방법이다. 그리고 마지막으로 기존 연구와의 비교분석 결과를 제시하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.383-402
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting family caregiver financial burden of out-of pocket expenses for the nursing home service under Long-term Care Insurance System. We conducted a national cross-sectional descriptive survey from July to September 2010 to collect data based on the long-term care benefits cost specification. Total 1,016 family caregivers completed questionnaires. 185 subjects of total were excluded from the data analysis due to being answered by user(18 cases), or caregivers not to pay for services expenditures(122 cases), having a missing data on family caregivers characteristics(45 cases). Finally, 831 subjects were included in the study. The average financial burden was 3.18(${\pm}0.71$). We divided subjects into two groups by level of burden, high-burden group and low-burden group. In the result of the multiple logistic regression analysis, family caregiver financial burden was significantly higher in family caregivers with ages 40 to 49 compared to less than 40, lower educational level, unsatisfaction for long-term care service, high percentage(more than 50%) of cost-sharing and high total out-of pocket expenses(more than 300,000 won) for long-term care services. Also, Family caregivers who are spouse felt higher financial burden compared to son. This study is meaningful as the first attempt to measure family caregiver financial burden for long-term care service and to identify factors affecting the financial burden. Family caregivers felt financial burden of out-of pocket expenses for the nursing home service. The policy makers, the insurer, and the providers need to pay attention to ease family caregiver financial burden.