• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.83-91
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide some useful references to the educational field in terms of providing on analysis of job characteristics of fashion designers working in the women's wear industries. The data were collected from 102 fashion designers working in women's wear industries through the questionnaire and were analyzed by SPSS packages of frequencies and percentiles for comparative study, and the results are as follows: 1. The demographic characteristics of the fashion designers are; unmarried (80.4%), working less than 2 years (20.2%), completion of junior college(68.6%), majority ages between 20-24 yrs(43.1%). An average length of working in one company war less than 6 months. 2. The ratio computer usage of the design room was approx. 52.0% especially in the management of sales (52.9%) and the ratio in fashion design was approx. 17.6% in merchandising planning. 3. 76.4% of respondents was working 10 hours a day, and 50% of them was dissatisfied on the job caused by excessive working hour (31.4%) and job over load (35.3%). In the developing fashion design with the relation of actual job, insufficient knowledges of the concerned technical and production fields (68.6%) were indicated as the most difficult area. In addition, fashion magazines were considered as the most helpful resource(94.1%). 4. It was noted that the target age groups for the brand were clearly divided into two groups, notably the early and middle of twenties and the early and middle forties. Among the produced items, formal wears were accounted for 52.9%. 5. As far as the contents of job are concerned, the fashion designers are mostly engaged in purchasing textile, collecting informations of fashion, quality control, whereas their actual job is apparel design. 6. The training that the fashion designer received beside formal education includes attendance of private institutes(62.7%), OJT(7.8%), seminars(4.9%). Regarding formal education, the respond indicated that they had least opportunity to received computer training. 7. The necessary subjects in the schools for the fashion designers in relation to the current job were fashion information, merchandising planning, pattern making, cutting, fashion marketing, knowledges of clothing material in sequence. Subjects which are necessary for the further development include pattern making(21.6%), fashion marketing(14.7%), and designing with computer(7.8%).

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.78-96
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the emergency health care utilization using status according to income class. The target was the 2011 data out Korea Health Panel's raw data. 2011 data composed of total 17,035 people from total 5,741 households. This study set total 1,101 adults over full-20-years old having used an emergency health care utilization as its analysis target. In order to find out the number of emergency health care utilization use according to income class and the influential factors on emergency health care utilization cost, this study conducted the multiple regression analysis. And in order to more accurately analyze the emergency health care utilization use status depending on the income class and the features of emergency health care utilization use status, this study developed Models. As the result, this study found following findings. First, as the income class was lower, the gender was male, the age was lower, and the user has spouse, the user was not a business owner or a paid worker, the user is a house owner, the emergency medical facility type was a clinic, the means of transportation was others rather than 119 ambulance, the reason visiting emergency medical facility was belonged to others rather than accidents or poisoning, then the number of emergency was increased. Second, as the user was in higher income class, received the health insurance benefits, the using medical facility was general hospital, used 119 ambulance more often, stay days in emergency was shorter, then health care utilization cost was increased. In this study investigating the data out of Korea Health Panel, it was found that while the number of emergency health care utilization use was increased in the lower income class, but the emergency health care utilization cost was increased for higher income class. It is considered that this finding was caused from the facts that lower income class was more often exposed to dangers for physical health, so the number of emergency health care utilization use was increased, but their health care utilization cost was decreased because of their economic burdens against various examinations and their difficulties to pay such costs, comparing to that of higher income class. Therefore, in order to solve unequal problem of emergency health care utilization use between lower and higher income classs, it is required to set suitable solutions like the disease prevention effort by facilitating national health check-up programs, the enhancement of public health services in quantity and quality, the emergency health care utilization securing policy at using medical facilities, the promotional, educational activities about emergency health care utilization delivery system, the enhanced accessibility of emergency health care utilizations and emergency medical facilities.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.660-670
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to categorize the type of student-student interaction and analyze the pattern of group interaction by cognitive level in interactive science inquiry experiments. For this study, two homogeneous and two heterogeneous groups by cognitive level were selected. Social interactions during group discussions were audio/video taped. The types of student's interaction were classified as intellectual and emotional aspects. Intellectual aspects were consisted of asking question, response, making suggestion, receiving opinion and then further coded by interaction level. Emotional aspects were consisted of relevance to behavioral participation, relevance to students' feeling, reaction to opinion. Interaction frequency in the intellectual and emotional aspect between homogeneous and heterogeneous group were compared to analyze interaction pattern. The results of this study showed that in intellectual aspect the frequency and quality of interaction in homogeneous group was higher than that in heterogeneous group. In emotional aspect. homogeneous group more showed such negative attitude as lack of confidence and dissatisfaction than heterogeneous group, on the other hand showed acceptable mood to be able to accept or object to peer's opinion. Some educational implications were drawn.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.171-190
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study is to point out some attributes of intrinsic and social background and status attainment process and a life-style of public library directors in KOREA. The data obtained from 188 respondents in 1999 were used for analysis. Some of the main findings are as follows： $\circled1$ The majority of the directors has a career as a teacher or local public administrators rather than a librarian. $\circled2$ The birth places of the directors are scattered all over the country. and those who were born in rural area account for about of all respondents. In rural area. it might be difficult for them to access information on newly developing profession like librarianship. $\circled3$ Although the educational level of directors themselves is higher than general public. $\circled4$ Library schools which give students high grade knowledge and training of library and information science are not so many, and hence directors are primarily local public administrators rather than qualified librarians. $\circled5$ Many directors did not aspire to become librarians. rather they got the post after they had been working as a teachers or lawyer, local public administrators. $\circled6$ If the library services of better quality are provided all over the country, urban or rural, and library schools in higher education are developed and have much more satisfactory substance, and abler library directors. And then we can expect that the qualified librarians's director system in public libraries will become an accomplished fact.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.565-577
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• 2012

Various factors affecting teachers' self-confidence exist in math class using technology such as graphic calculators. For example, internal factors such as teachers' attitude and external factors such as school administrators or colleague's support can be considered. Pedagogical Technology Knowledge(PTK) is the very important factor which determines teacher's self-confidence in educational technology, and the development of PTK is composed of teacher's perception on the technology and its application and instrumentation. This study investigated 19 pre-service and current middle and high school teachers in the respect of their change of self-confidence, attitude, expertise on pedagogical technology, and quality of math class. These are anlayzed with the concept of instrumentation and instrumentalization through various experiences like graphic calculator, GPS and AutoGraph. The result indicated that constraints or obstacles did not affect much if teachers' attitude and self-confidence were strong. Particularly teachers' firm will to learn about technology and their confidence on its value are the critical factors in using technology for mathematics class.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.43-65
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• 2007

This research aims at finding out how spare time activity, relationships with their children and loneliness affect the satisfaction of life of elderly people who have no spouse. To begin, according to the survey, in the case of elderly people who have no spouse, male elderly people feel more loneliness, lower unification with their offspring, and do less activity in their spare time than female elderly people. The elderly people with a higher educational level, feel less loneliness and have a close relationship with their offspring. When elderly people believe in a religion, they participate in positive activities in their spare time and have a higher satisfaction of life. Secondly, the less the elderly people have for a monthly income, the more they feel a deep sense of isolation. However, if the elderly have a sufficient monthly income, they spend their spare time on positive activities and feel a higher sense of satisfaction in their lives. These results show that economic situation is an important factor for elderly people to maintain good mental health and a good quality of life. Thirdly, the loneliness of elderly people who have no spouse was influenced by whether the elderly people have children or not. If an elderly person loses their spouse through death, they can find themselves in a desperate situation and feeling very isolated. Most elderly people who have no spouse want to live with their offspring and depend on their sons and daughters economically and psychologically. However, the elderly people living alone have lower satisfaction of life because of economic and psychological problems. Therefore, the results shows that the life satisfaction of elderly people who have no spouse was influenced by living with their children and having a close relationship with them. The elderly people who have no spouse feel hopelessness and rely increasingly on their sons and daughters. The elderly people who don't have a sufficient monthly income not only feel more loneliness than other elderly people, but are also restricted in their spare time activities. It proves that the economic situation(monthly income) is also an important factor to maintain personal relationships.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.290-300
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence to physical health status, economic status, family support, social support and self-esteem which affects to solve depression, and give basic information for developing a program to prevent the aged people gloominess and a way to solve that gloominess. This surveying study was undertaken through personal interview way for 357 aged people who were in the elder's meeting hall, living in elderly welfare institude, or home near Gumi, Gimcheon, and Chilgok regions. For data analysis, SPSS/PC 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 program for frequency analysis, First, In the reason of depression by general distinctive quality, there was a significant difference in sex'educational background'existance of a spouse of the condition of living-together, and personal health condition. Second, affecting factors to religious life were economic condition, family support, and self-esteem. Third, the most serious factor that enhanced depression was physical health. Fourth, It appeared as higher attendence of indivisuals about religion means decrease of the depression. When these result reviewed, to control the depression of aged people, it is necessary to develop and conduct a total program that can detect and manage depression early through measuring the physical health, family support, social support and self-esteem. Especially, participation of religious life is considered to ameliorate the depression of aged people and help them live a good senescence.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.5-20
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• 1988

This study is a series of reviews in connection with the application of the Questionnaire THI, in order to intend to provide such datum to be of a help as the screening-test by means of getting through comparative analysis, and finding out existence of any disease appeared as a result of the general medical examinations, and the psychosomatic symptoms, through the questionnaire THI. This study had been researched through the 507 insureds of the life insurance residing in Seoul and in the suburbs of Seoul, during the period 5 Jan. 1987 to 27 Feb. through the questionnaires. Exception of the 88 insincere respondents out of the total objectives, the 419 questionnaires were nanlized through percentage, Mean, T-test, ANOVA test, and Discriminant Analysis. 1. The Subjective Health Problem of the Objectives: The average of the health problem appliation quorum appeared to be 1. 81, the articles of both nervousness and aggressiveness appeared to be each 2.25 and 2.04. It tells that the state of appliation is heavy. It was very significant statistically the relation between the elements of sex, ages, educational backgrounds and occupations. 2. The result of the General Examination of the Objectives: The number of the persons with abnormal findings was 300 persons among the total of 419 persons as a result of the general medical examinations, and it was applicable to $73.5\%$. By each age and marital state were statistically significant. 3. Comparison of the result of the General Examination and Subjective Health of those Objectives: As a result of discriminant analysis of the independent variables through the result of the general examination, the greatest element for influence appeared to be the age, and then, regular examination, sex, and the somatic complaints of the THI in order. Accordingly, it is considered to be able to function as the screening test of the general examination, the THI. In case of a greater unit of group required a medical examination, It is considered to be of a help for the health management service for more effective and precise in quality and economic, only if a medical examination is carried out after selecting the somatic subjective problem and research in advance to the application of the THI prior to the examination.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.98-107
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• 2020

Job satisfaction is an important part of social workers who strive to improve the quality of life and independence of their clients. The goal of this study was to reveal the correlation between social workers' self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and supervision to determine whether supervision regulated the effect of social worker's self-efficacy on job satisfaction. In addition, the effect of social worker's self-efficacy on job satisfaction was grasped, and the control effect of supervision regarding the process of social worker's self-efficacy on job satisfaction was identified. For the study, 150 social workers at 10 community welfare centers in Gyeonggi-do and North Seoul area were surveyed, and the statistical program PASW (SPSS) 25.0 was used for data analysis. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the social worker's self-efficacy had a significant effect on job satisfaction, and that the social worker's self-efficacy had a significant static effect on job satisfaction. In addition, in the process of social worker's self-efficacy affecting job satisfaction, the mediating effect of the supervision function (administrative, educational, and supportive) was found to be significant, so it turned out that the supervision function for social workers was crucial to enhance self-efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.455-472
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• 2003

The period from 1946 until his retirement from Department of Forest Resources, Seoul National University was a time of research and professional activity on many fronts for Korean Plant Taxonomy. From 1952 to 1984, he travelled south Korea and collected more than 70,000 specimens. Working out of this project, Dr. Lee developed the SNUA herbarium (Herbarium of The Arboretum of Seoul National University) as the best University herbarium in Korea for the modem floristic work. Dr. Lee's first interest rests on his contributions to our understanding of the twig identification in early 1950. Asian deciduous oak taxa have attracted particular focus to him late 1950 and early 1960. Accordingly Dr. Lee has been one of the specialists on systematic study of Asian oak which is a basis of identification in eastern Asia now. Dr. Lee's contributions concerning rare and endangered plants in Korea provide a tremendous information after a Japanese taxonomist, T. Nakai did in early 1920 to late 1930 in Korea. During his fourteen year career from 1970 to 1984, Dr. Lee spent time to investigate flora of many local and National Park sites. Much of his effort was directed to the voucher specimens for which he worked for the Illustrated Flora of Korea and also served as a field collector. These collections at SNUA enabled us to extend our educational outreach from the local to the national flora research. Although Dr. Lee has been and continues to be the soul of SNUA, collection records about his purpose and aim for each trip are not well documented except date and field studied sites. This lesson enables us to tackle the same issue of balancing quantity and quality with well documented specimens now.