• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.649-659
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• 2005

A window presentation style, either tiled window or single page design, determines the spatial arrangement of information in a modern computer-based instructional design. This study investigates the interaction between spatial ability and window presentation style in terms of student's achievement of cognitive knowledge through Web-based instruction. Seventy-one students from the Falk School in Pennsylvania were pre-tested to determine their level of spatial ability, then randomly divided into two treatment groups in order to study a Web-based instructional unit on flowering plants. The Web-based instructional package was organized with either tiled window presentation or single page presentation. A posttest measured participants'acquisition of the instructional content. Posttest and spatial ability test scores were analyzed using multi-variate linear regression for the full sample (n=71) and three sub-samples: (a) 4th and 5th grade students only, (b) female students only, and (c) 4th and 5th grade female students only. The goals of the data analysis included the examination of (i) the correlation between spatial ability and posttest scores; (ii) the correlation between window presentation style and posttest score; and (iii) the interaction between spatial ability (aptitude) and presentation style (treatment).The data from all four sample groups showed a significant relationship between spatial ability and achievement of cognitive knowledge at the 1% level of significance. The aptitude-treatment interaction between spatial ability and style of window presentation was not significant in the full sample, but was significant in the sub-samples either at the 10% or 5% level. In neither the full sample nor any sub-sample data did window presentation style have an impact on average posttest score. In all analyses, the higher the level of spatial ability, the higher the posttest score. The sub-samples revealed that students with low spatial ability performed better with the tiled window presentation, while those with high spatial ability did better with the single page presentation. Neither window presentation style was shown to better foster learning by children of all levels of spatial ability.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.94-109
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• 2000

The chances of disease pattern increased the importance of Health-promoting Lifestyle and a large part of the Health-promoting Lifestyle is associated with individual's habit. Health-promoting Lifestyle among nurses is very important because nurses could be a role model of patients and possibly influence many patients. The purpose of this study was oat on1y to assess how hospital nurses practice their Health-promoting Lifestyle but also to identify those affecting determinants. The subjects were 392 nurses working at 3 different hospital in Seoul. These data were collected by self administered questionnaire from April 27 to May 20, 2000. This study examined Health-promoting Lifestyle using In Sook Park's model, individual characteristics. Behavior-specific Cognitions and Affect factors using Pender's model and tried to fine out their relationships. The instruments used in this study were Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile developed by In Sock Park(1995). Likert's four-point scale was used also in this research. The percentage, mean standard deviation, AVNOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression in the SAS package were used to analyze the data. The results of this study were as follows; 1. 52.3% of sample were aged between 25 and 29, 67.1% were single, 55.6% were university graduates, 51.8% earned 1.5 to 2.0 million won, 57.9% slept for d to 8 hours, 74.5% stated they were healthy. 2. 32.7% of sample worked in surgical gird department, 82.4% worked in 3 shift, 26.3% have been working as nurses for 5 to 7 years. Average score of Perceived self-efficacy was 3.63, Perceived benefits of action was 3.25, Social support was 2.75, and Perceived barriers to action was 1.87 which was the lowest score. 3. The average score if the performance in Health-promoting Lifestyle variable was 2.45 which was lower than previous study. The sanitary life Was 3.18 which was the highest score, harmonious relationship 3.13, emotional support 2.90. The variable with the highest degree of performance was the sanitary life, whereas the one with the west degree was the health diet. 4. There were no significant difference in perceived benefits of action with individual's a character, but in Perceived bait his of action there were significant differences with age(p<.01), marital status(p<.05), housing(p<.05), and Perceived health status(p<.05). In Perceived self-efficacy, there were significant differences with educational level(p<05), sleeping hours(p<.05), and BMI(p<.05). In Social support here were significant difference with housing and sleeping hours.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree and the relationship of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of industrial health care services of workers. This information will provide useful data for an effective industrial health care service. The was collected from 600 data employees in Kwang-ju city & Chonnam province. The data was gathered by questionnaire from Dec 20, 1992 to Jan 20, 1993. The questionnaire was developed by the Academic Affairs of Community Health Nursing Academy. Data was analyzed by using the statistical computer package, SPSS to manipulate the data along with percentages, means, standard deviations, modes, t-test and ANOVA. The results in this study were summarized as follows: 1. General characteristics of workers: Distributions of workers was laborer(76.2%). in the 25-34 age group(50.2%), married(63.3%), males comprised(77.5%), the educational level with the highest percentage was high school graduates (71.1%), with a monthly income of 300-700 thousand won(43.8%), and has been working in the present career over seven years (31.5%). 2. The Knowledge, Attitude and Practice levels of employees about industrial health care services The levels were measured according to a five point scale. The total mean score of knowledge was 2.92 points out of 4. The following are the scores of Knowledge of special medical examination and location of industrial clinic(3.48), periodic medical examination (3.18), occupational disease(3.08), personal protective equipment (2.92), and health education(1.37). The total mean score of Attitude was 2.77 point out of 4. The following are the scores of Attitude in order of working environment (3.35), necessity of periodic medical examination and health education(3.15), the worker's perception influence on the working environment to health was high(3.11). But, the level of satisfaction in the content of periodic medical examination was low(2.19). The total mean score of Practice was 2.70 points out of 4. The scores of Practice in order were, practice of periodic medical examination(3.70), utilization of industrial clinic(2.92), and to participate in health education(1.47). 3. The relationship of general characteristics to Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of workers: Knowledge had a significant difference by sex (P<.01), marital status(P<.01), education level (P<.05) and monthly income(P<.01). Attitude was significantly different with sex(P<.05) and Practice was significantly related to monthly income (P<.01).

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that the job stress of employees would have on the organization effectiveness. In this study, 222 employees in Seoul and Gyeonggi province were surveyed from March to May, 2015 through empirical research with the structured questionnaires, and the collected data were statistically computerized under a statistical package of SPSS 18.0 and analyzed based on the correlation analysis, frequency analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The Following results were derived. First, the job stress of employees according to demographic characteristics had a significance difference. The technical employees had the lower role ambiguity of job stress compare to other group and the higher the income years and educational background, the higher the role overload of job stress. Second, the job stress of employees had a negative effect on the job satisfaction and Organization effectiveness but a positive effect on the turnover intention and the hypothesis was adopted. Thus, it turned out that the job stress of employees had a significant effect on the organization effectiveness and there was a significance at the statistical level. Based on this research finding, it is considered necessary to seek the specific measures that can help reduce the turnover rate of employees and improve their job satisfaction and organization commitment in a more effective methods.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.54
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• pp.127-148
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• 2018

As the role and the importance of private security are emphasized in an independent way, as well as in a supportive way for police affairs, this study aims to figure out factors affecting job satisfaction of private security guards by investigating their job satisfaction. This study also suggests some solutions for improvement of their job satisfaction, such as enhancing task motivation and professionalism of private security guards. For the research were used SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) WIN 24 programs. Frequency analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and Crosstabulation analysis were performed as analytic methods. As a result of the study, the most fundamental factor in the job satisfaction of the private security guards was 'social recognition'. Social recognition forms when private security guards are trusted as professionals and the value of a job is enhanced. The policy recommendations to improve the job satisfaction of private security guards can be explained as follows. First, a government certification system should be established in an attempt to recruit professional private security guards. Second, in order to improve the work ability of private security guards, it is necessary to designate a special educational institution for a private security guards and provide systematic education. Third, the wage of private security guards should be readjusted to a realistic level. Fourth, it is necessary to secure substantial effect on the permission and the supervision of private security business. Finally, the business area based on public interest should be expanded.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.453-469
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• 2000

This study has a purpose to provide information to help develop nursing intervention for demented elderly staying at home. For this purpose I analysed the relationship of patients' disturbing behaviors with their demographic and social characteristics, premorbid personality, and present environmental characteristics through questionnaire survey on their family members. The survey was performed through direct interview, telephone contact. and mail in the regions of Pusan and Gyeongnam. Among family members contacted. 112 ones made an appropriate response to the survey. The statistical package SAS was utilized for descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, stepwise multiple regression, and cluster analysis. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Demographic and social characteristics of the patients surveyed are female 81.3%, average age 81.4 years, lack of schooling 83.0%, spouse dead 73.2%, having no other disease 58.9%, average duration of dementia 3.8 years, no medical treatment for dementia 84.8%, good married life 40.2%, and primary care given by daughter-in-law 49.1%. 2) Aggressive Psychomotor Behavior(APB) was observed in a way statistically meaningful in case that primary care was given by daughter-in-law, while Nonaggressive Psychomotor Behavior(NPB) was in case of good married life and primary care given by other than daughter-in-law and spouse. Verbally aggressive behavior (VAB) was observed in groups of female, spouse dead, bad married life, and daughter-in-law's primary care. As for Passive Behavior(PB), it was observed in case that patients had educational background of not less high than middle school and that they were having medical treatment. Functionally Impaired Behavior(FIB) was observed in age group of 60-69 and more than 90, in patients' group having no other disease, and in case that the duration of dementia was not less than 5 years. 3) Premobid Neuroticism(N) showed positive correlation with APB and VAB, while Openness (O) did negative correlation with PB. Agreeableness (A) was proved to have positive correlation with PA and FIB, but to have negative correlation with APB and VAB. In addition, Conscientiousness(C) showed negative correlation with APB and VAB. 4) The worse the psychosocial environment was, the more NPB and VAB were observed. 5) APB was explained 24% by C and primary care-giver, while NPB was explained 28% by psychosocial environment, having other disease or not, and married life. VAB was explained 40% by A. sex, and married life. On the other hand PB was explained 33% by O, A. N, and having medical treatment or not. But any significant factor was not found to explain FIB. 6) A cluster analysis was performed on disturbing behaviors of demented elderly staying at home. It enabled to regroup the demented elderly in 5 patterns: high scored in NPB, high scored in FIB. high scored in NPB and VAB, moderately scored in most disturbing behaviors, and low scored in all areas. In conclusion, disturbing behaviors of demented elderly not only reflect their premorbid personality in the past, but also are affected by their present psychosocial environment. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage and respond them with understanding their disturbing behaviors in relation to their past premorbid personality. In addition, it is important to provide them better psychosocial environment in order to reduce their disturbing behaviors.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.4
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• pp.61-78
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• 2003

This research was conducted to identify the factors that cause school related stress among middle school students, and to develop countermeasures in order to prevent the rebellious acts of middle school students that are on the rise and to pursue after effective guidance measures. To achieve these research objectives, 856 questionnaires were distributed to the two middle schools, situated in Goyang-si, Gyeonggi Province, and these questionnaires were analyzed, using the SPSS statistical package program. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Perceived factors for School Related Stress Overall average of the perceived degree school related stress factors was a level that goes beyond the normalcy. Stress on the grade was the highest Among these, the average of question items that addressed decrease in grade was the highest of all items followed by class factors, teacher-related factors, friend-related factors, and environmental factors. Accordingly, this research demonstrated that the students feel pressured by the university entrace examination and a school life that is focused on grades. The teacher-related factors and class factors were higher than the average, and others were relatively low. 2. School Related Stress according by Individual All the factors for school related stress were statistically significant difference according to the gender, and teacher-related factors, class factors, and environmental factors were statistically significant difference according to their school years. Their grade made their grade factors statistically significant difference, and the number of friends produced a statistically significant difference result on the teacher-related factors. Wheather they had extra classes or not made a statistically significant difference result on the class factors and environmental factors, and especially the time of doing physical exercises produced statistically significant difference on the environmental factors. 3. Countermeasures for School Related Stress according by Individual As for the countermeasures for school related stress according to the individuality, the active reacting was statistically significant difference according to the gender index, and the student's degree to react passively was statistically significant difference according to their grade. The students in different school years showed statistically significant difference reactions in both passive ways and active ways. students tended to react differently in an unreality index. Lastly, Wheather they had extra classes and physical exercises made then to react passively or actively. When the results are compiled, students are most affected by the stress related to grades, which reflected the university entrance examination oriented school life. An alternative is that the development of educational program that factors in the students' talents and aptitude is needed urgently. Moreover, character and career path related guidance and education are just as important as the academics. Given that the stress factors exert some degree of influence on the countermeasures, it is necessary to block the factors in advance and for all the teachers and parents to make an effort to react actively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.147-161
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• 2021

Through photogrammetry techniques, what current researches can achieve at present is rough 3D mesh and color map of objects, rather than usable photo-realistic 3D assets. This research aims to propose a new method to create photo-realistic 3D assets that can be used in the field of visualization applications. The new method combines photogrammetry with computer graphics modeling. Through the description of the production process of three objects in the real world - "Bullet Box", "Gun" and "Metal Beverage Bottle," it introduces in details the concept, functions, operating skills and software packages used in the steps including the photograph object, white balance, reconstruction, cleanup reconstruction, retopology, UV unwrapping, projection, texture baking, De-Lighting and Create Material Maps. In order to increase the flexibility of the method, alternatives to the software packages are also recommended for each step. In this research, 3D assets are produced that are accurate in shape, correct in color, easy to render and can be physically interacted with dynamic lighting in texture. The new method can obtain more realistic visual effects at a faster speed. It does not require large-scale teams, expensive equipment and software packages, therefore it is suitable for small studios and independent artists and educational institutions.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-53
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• 1987

It is utmostly important to establish the efficient fitable way of peoples' active participation in primary health care especially in the areas where the public or governmental service input for the basic health care is insufficient like as in rural areas of Korea. In light of above reason, this study focused mainly on the evaluation of roles and activities of village health workers (VHWs) who were selected from grass- root level of village people in order to derive further motivation for active participation. This is believed to be a sort of feedback mechanisms. Actually, the authors collected the activity reports of VHWs who had been devoting themselves in the primary health care services of Jeomdong Area, of Yeoju Gun one of Korea University Community Health Action Programmes and survey record on the VHWs activity from correspondent people. 1 hose data were analyzed through computer programmed package. The activities performed by VHWs were limited to the performance in 1985 for conveniance. The summarized results were as follows; 1) General characteristics of VHWs. Among a total of 28 VHWs in the area, about 39.3g of them have been replaced up to the date since the implementation in 1983, because of moving out, occupational employment and of others. The age of majority (75.0%) lied between the range of 30-50, and educational background of 67.9% belonged to category of primary school graduation, about 50% of them experienced to be or were also entiled "chief of women club" of corresponding villages. 2) Work-load of VHWs. Each VHW was assigned for tasks of health care for average 55 households of 248 persons. They shared approximately 6 days a month for the activity in average and it covered 17 cases of basic health care in a month. A half of the VHWs performed home visits irregularly without solidified schedule. 3) Work performance analysis. Informations collected through VHWs were compared with data from official vital registration at local administration center "Myon Office" in 1985. VHWs collected 100.8 of new born, 116.2 of death, 58.3 of move in and 74.8 of move out in comparison with 100.0 of official registration each. Pregnant women of 79.8% of mothers among the total pregnancy of 94 which were confirmed as normally delivered or aborted cases by all means afterwards had been detected by VHWs as being pregnant and all of them received some of antenatal cares by VHWs. All(100%) of delivered women were detected by VHWs through home visits and they were cared postnatally. Whereas, according to the records of birth registration, the places of delivery were clinic in 33.7%, and mother's home in 66.3%, VHWs reported them to be clinic in 48.9%, midwifery in 20.2%. It was cleared that most of misinformation was caused by uncautious filling of birth registration at notification. Among the total of 717 eligible women under age 44 years, family planning status of 92.6% was reported by VHWs confirming practice of control to be 70.8% of reported fertile women. 4) Attitude of VHW on the roles and functions. Although 92.0% of VHWs expressed VHWs to be worthwhile, only 52.0% of them had dignity and satisfaction in their activity and 44.0% of them had passive attitude of working saying they followed direction regardlessly. Concerning difficulties in performance as a VHW, 60.7% of them pointed out lacking of medical and health related knowledge by themselves. Still, 64.0% of them thought visiting unfamilier house to be awful and 40.0% complained forms of activity to be difficult and hard. It was also revealed that 56.6% confessed lack of interest on community health service itself. Most of VHWs needed more educational training especially on clinical fields such as cares of gynecological diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic diseaes of the aged. Regular on-the-job basic trainings were said to be needed twice a year.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2003

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate 1) the prevalence of depressive symptoms, 2) the severity of depressive symptoms, 3) the correlation of depressive symptoms with clinical variables, and 4) factors that contribute to depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: One hundred eighteen patients with Parkinson's disease referred from the Parkinson's Disease Clinic of Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea, completed a self-administered questionnaire package, which included basic demographic data, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Parkinson's disease quality of life questionnaire, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R), and the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. In addition, a structured interview and a complete neurological examination, including the Hoehn and Yahr stage, the motor part of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(some selected scales of UPDRS part III), the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living scale(ADL), and the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination were performed. Results: 1) Based on BDI score, subjects were divided into four groups:severely(40.7%), moderately(13.6%) and mildly(12.7%) depressive and non-depressive(33.1%). 2) The severity of depressive symptom in Parkinson's disease was positively correlated with Hoehn and Yahr(H & Y) stage(r=0.34, p<0.0001), the severity of motor symptom(r=0.35, p<0.0001), and trait anxiety inventory(r=0.33, p<0.001). On the other hand, the severity of depressive symptom was negatively correlated with educational level(r=-0.34, p<0.001), ADL(r=-0.37, p<0.0001) and Parkinson's disease quality of life (PDQL)(r=-0.69, p<0.0001). Among several clinical variables, the PDQL was the most influential factor predicting whether the depressive symptom was present or not. Conclusion: This study suggests that depressive symptom is very prevalent among patients with Parkinson's disease. Data from this study indicate that medical staffs who take care of patients with Parkinson's disease should pay attention to finding and treating depressive symptom among their patients. With appropriate psychiatric intervention, patient's depressive symptom can be minimized or alleviated and thus, the quality of life in these patients is likely enhanced.