• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.572-584
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of recognition, practice and information acquisition behaviors regarding food additives of university students for development of educational programs. The data were collected from 283 students in the Yeungnam region through a self-administered questionnaire. The level of concern about food additives was intermediate. The level of checking labels for food additives when buying processed foods was not high. The main reason for not checking labels for food additives was "Buying the special brand products repeatedly". In the factor analysis for perception of food additives, three factors were categorized; effect of food additives on human health, administration and regulation of food additives, and necessity of food additives. According to regression analyses, grade, concern about food additives and perception of amount of food additives had significant effects on human health. The significant variables for administration and regulation of food additives were gender, grade, major, monthly allowance and concern about food additives. In addition, major was a significant variable for the necessity of food additives. Many respondents did not reduce intake of food additives; males did less than females. Most respondents answered they did not acquire sufficient information about food additives. Regarding needs for information content on food additives, respondents wanted information about safety of food additives the most, followed by items of labels for food additives, and ways to reduce intake of food additives.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate diabetic knowledge, self-care behaviors, and HbA1c of patients with diabetic mellitus in public hospitals. Methods: Participants were 287 adult patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes in two public hospitals in Seoul. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation with the SPSS (PASW) 21.0 program. Results: For general characteristics of the participants, there were significant differences in the level of diabetic knowledge according to age (F=11.28, p<.001), educational level (F=11.07, p<.001), type of health insurance (F=9.38, p<.001), and monthly income (t=-4.58, p<.001) and in the self-care behaviors according to age (F=8.61, p<.001) and in HbA1c according to age (F=6.72, p=.001). As for disease related characteristics of the participants, significant differences were found for self-care behaviors according to education about diabetes (t=3.90, p<.001) and in HbA1c according to education about diabetes (t=3.26, p=.001) and current diabetic therapy methods (F=13.51, p<.001). The study results showed that there was no correlation between diabetic knowledge and self-care behavior, or between self-care behavior and HbA1c. Conclusion: Results indicate that when developing preliminary data on nursing intervention education programs on diabetes, increasing diabetic knowledge and self-care behaviors would help to improve blood glucose levels.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.699-707
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• 2003

This study examined the effectiveness of two commonly used dietary assessment methods (the 24-hour recall and the food frequency questionnaire) in the epidemiological investigations of health-related habits and degenerative diseases. This cross sectional project in the Seoul area was conducted for the purpose of establishing cohort subjects and collecting reliable nutrient intake data for a further large-scale cross sectional study. The subjects were 91 volunteers from the Seoul area with a mean age of 53.5 \pm 9.6 for the males and 52.2 \pm 8.9 for the females. The subjects had a relatively high educational background, were from high socioeconomic levels, and were greatly concerned about healthrelated life styles. There was a significantly negative correlation between their smoking and their nutrient intake. Their drinking habits, their self-estimated health status and their concern or stress about being healthy did not have any influence on their nutrient intakes. Skipping meals was the most undesirable dietary habit influencing their nutrient intakes, and the next was their irregularity of eating meals. The subjects who liked legumes and fish had higher intakes of iron and niacin and those who liked milk and dairy products had higher intakes of calcium, vitamin \B_2 and fat. The subjects who considered themselves not to be healthy consumed higher amounts of fish and shell-fish, and those who considered themselves to be healthy consumed higher amounts of vegetables. The smokers consumed less fruits than non-smokers, but there was no correlation between their drinking and consumption of the food groups. There was no correlation between their food consumption frequency and their skipping meals or meal irregularity. There were positive correlations between their food likes and food consumption frequency for foods such as meat, milk and dairy products, seaweeds and fruits. Therefore, their smoking, skipping meals and meal irregularity appeared to greatly influence their nutrient intakes. Significant correlations were found between their health-related habits and their food group preferences and food frequencies. This implies that simple surveying methods using criteria such as smoking, skipping meals and meal irregularity, food group preferences and eating frequencies can be used as useful tools in the assessment of nutritional statuses.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to compare nutrient intakes, dietary habits, and blood components of smokers with non-smokers in the Seoul area and its vicinity. The results showed that non-smokers had higher intakes of brown rice, grains, fruit, vegetable and kimchi than the smokers. Smokers consumed more protein (p<0.001), vitamin B1 (p<0.001), vitamin B2 (p<0.007), niacin (p<0.0001), zinc (p<0.031) and phosphorus (p<0.005) than did non-smokers, whereas non-smokers' intakes of vitamin A (p<0.037), and folic acid (p<0.043) was higher than that of smokers. Individuals who smoked tended to have significantly higher levels of hemoglobin and monocytes. There were no significant differences by smoking status for dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which were in normal ranges. No significant differences by smoking status were shown for plasma homocysteine, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, vitamin C, and vitamin A. In conclusion, because smokers maintain a less healthy diet and life-style, it is to be recommended that educational programs be developed for smokers, guiding them into adopting better dietary habits in order to maintain and improve their health.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.986-997
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• 2011

이 연구에서는 탐구학습에서 과학적 창의성을 계발하기 위해 활용할 수 있는 비유 실험 활동을 개발, 적용하여 비유 실험을 활용한 탐구학습이 중학교 1학년 과학영재 학생들의 실험설계 과정에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 과학영재 학생들의 실험설계 과정을 창의적 사고과정의 유형에 따라 분류하고 각 유형에 따른 특징 및 실험설계 과정요소별 수행수준을 분석하였다. 비유 실험을 활용한 실험설계 과정의 유형은 확장이동형, 후진-확산이동형, 제자리이동형의 세 가지 유형이 나타났다. 확장이동형은 대응 관계를 심층적으로 파악함으로써 새로운 관점에서 전반적으로 모든 과정요소를 고려하며 정교한 실험설계를 수행하였다. 후진-확산이동형은 비유 실험을 활용해 새로운 방향으로 관점을 전환하지만 대응의 수준이나 과정요소에 대한 고려에 미흡한 부분이 있어 실험설계의 구체성이 다소 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 제자리이동형은 기존의 관점을 새로운 문제 상황에 그대로 적용하고 필요한 과정요소를 고르게 고려하지 못하며 적절한 실험설계를 수행하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 대한 교육적 함의를 논의하였다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2004

본 연구는 초등학교 저학년 아동을 대상으로 아동의 방과 후 보호형태(자기보호 및 성인보호)에 따른 생활실태를 파악하고, 사회인구학적 변인과 방과 후 보호형태에 따라 아동의 심리적 복지의 차이를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다 첫째, 초등학교 저학년 아동의 방과 후 생활실태를 조사한 결과 자기보호 아동은 42.3%로 나타났다. 하루 평균 4시간 이상 자기보호 상태에 있는 아동이 2/3이상으로 성인보호 아동에 비해 외로움을 더 많이 느끼고, 무섭거나 집에 들어가기 싫어하는 등 불안한 정서상태를 보임을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 사회인구학적 변인에 따른 아동의 심리적 복지의 차이를 알아본 결과, 불안에서는 아동의 성별, 부모의 직업, 모학력에서 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 외로움에서는 학년에 따라서 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 방과 후 보호형태에 따라 아동의 심리적 복지에 차이가 있는지를 알아본 결과, 아동이 지각하는 외로움과 자아유능감에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.742-755
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• 2016

Pupose. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome and glaucoma in a middle-aged men over the age of 40's by using the data from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2010~2012). Methods. The subjects for the analysis were comprised of 410 patients who were at least 40 years or more with metabolic syndrome and glaucoma. The comparison between the metabolic syndrome and glaucoma according to the health demographic characteristics, health behavior and health conditions was analyzed with ${\chi}^2$-test. The complex samples logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio of glaucoma according to the health demographic characteristics, health behavior and health conditions and the combination of the comprising factors of the metabolic syndrome. Results. The prevalence of glaucoma among the subjects with metabolic syndrome and glaucoma was significantly higher in the case of females, as their age increased, educational level decreased, income level decreased, who are non-smokers, non-drinkers, with exercising habits of less than 3 days a week (p<0.001). However, the glaucoma OR was significantly high in case of increasing age, with exercising habits of less than 3 days a week, and hypertension (p<0.01), while the OR was significantly low in case of the drinking group (p<0.05). The results of analyzing the odds ratio for the occurrence of glaucoma with the components of metabolic syndrome showed that the OR for glaucoma is significantly low (OR 0.63) in case of concurrently high fasting blood glucose, high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol levels (p=0.05). Conclusions. Therefore the thorough management of metabolic syndrome and components is needed to prevent glaucoma.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2012

The main purpose of this study is to examine the improvement and discourse of the medical education system in Korea since 1990. In particular, this study, focusing on the graduate medical education system initiated in 2002, has explored the discussions that led to the system's establishment and what the context of those discussions. To meet this objective, this study analyzed research report related to the medical education system authored by members of the government and medical community, suggestions to the government, discussion materials, and data with regard to the Medical (Dental) Education Eligibility Test. The improvement of the medical education system in Korea has been an important issue in education reform by the expansion of the number of years of higher education, the requirements for increased levels of professional knowledge by improving public educational standards, and the basic formation policy of higher education consisting of graduate school, special graduate school, and professional graduate school. Nevertheless, the views of the government and the medical community on improving medical education system have made an obvious difference. This was due to different aims about how to improve the medical education system and different perception of the degree and medical education system. The medical community at least tended to prefer the status of academic positions over professional positions. The policy of medical education for people with a bachelor's degree which was introduced in 2002 spread to many colleges of medicine based on the government's administrative and financial support policy. Even so, the absence of accompanying policy by the relevant government agencies and department of education, which could have ensured the success of the system, has led to continued debate. In conclusion, without a consistent and persistent government policy, the graduate medical education system has led to confusion in many medical institutions. Above all, an evidence-based policy decision and policy approach based on a long-term perspective are necessary in order to improve the medical education system.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.81-97
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between osteoporosis and cardiovascular risk factors according to Sasang constitution. Methods A total of 1773 participants, over 40 years old, were examined as part of a community-based cohort in Wonju city in Gangwon province of South Korea, from June 2006 to August 2009. We measured bone mineral density by Achilles ultrasonometer, serum levels of lipids, fasting blood sugar, insulin and other cardiovascular risk factors like blood pressure and waist circumference. Constitution was verified by a Sasang constitution specialist using the results of PSSC(Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution), facial photos and a simplified Sasang constitutional questionnaire. Results The prevalence rate was 11.2% in total participants, and 10.6% in Soyangin, 10.4% in Taeeumin and 13.9% in Soeumin. In general characteristics, educational and economic property and exercise were concerned with osteoporosis. Systolic blood pressure, pulse rate and total cholesterol were significantly high in osteoporosis group. Age and menopause were the key risk factors for osteoporosis. There was a significantly high prevalence in Soeumin for osteoporosis in men alone. Low physical activity was a major risk factor for osteoporosis. Waist circumference and hip circumference had significantly high odds ratio and weight had significantly low odds ratio. By Sasang constitution, Soyangin has the negative correlation with free fatty acid, Taeeumin has the negative correlation with waist circumference, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein and Soeumin has the positive correlation with body fat amount. Conclusions Regimens on osteoporosis should be considered according to Sasang constitution. Cardiovascular diseases should be considered according to Sasang constitution. Soeumin should be cautious of osteoporosis and gain weights and reasonable amount of fat food. Soyangin had better do exercise lower body and eat little food containing triglyceride. Taeeumin had better lose weights and eat little cholesterol food.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.81-101
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• 2005

This article is to estimate the fishing frequency function in Korean recreational fishery with respect to socio-economic characteristics of anglers. First, the study described the characteristics of the entire angler population on the view points of 9 socio-economic variables. And then, the study divided the total angler population into three groups of in-land, sea, and mixed angler populations in order to investigate the differences in their characteristics. The study could confirm the existence of differences in regions, size of regions, and educational levels between the in - land and the sea angler populations by testing heterogeneity in the frequency table. The fishing frequency function is estimated using Poisson regression model in order to accomodate the count data(non-negative discrete random variable) aspects of the fishing frequency. However, the model specification error is found due to overdispersion of data. The model exhibits the lack of goodness of fit. The negative binomial regression model is adopted to cure the overdispersion of the data as an alternative estimation methodology. Finally, the study can confirm overdispersion does not exist in the model any more and the goodness of fit improved significantly to the reasonable level. The results of estimation of fishing frequency population modeled by the negative binomial regression models are following. The three variables of region, sex, and education have effects on the decision making process of fishing frequency in the case of in-land recreation fishery. On the other hand, the three variables of sex, age, and marriage status do the same job in the case of sea angler population. Among the left-over variables, both income and use of Internet variables now affect on the process in mixed angler population. Finally, the results of whole angler population show that all of the previous variables are proven to be statistically significant due to the summation of data with all three sub-groups of angler population.