• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.77-89
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the HE(home economics) teachers' altruistic attitudes and levels of moral education in the middle and high schools. Data was collected from the survey mailed to the middle and high school HE teachers in Ulsan city. The 114 questionnaires were used for final analysis. SPSS/WIN for 10.0 program was used for analysis of the frequency and percentage, mean and standard derivation, T test, and One-way ANOVA according to the research questions. The results of this study were as the follows: First, HE teachers' altruistic attitudes were higher than average. They considered that trying their best in the virtue of social responsibility was very important. And they were inclined to share in others' situations and emotions with the empathic attitudes. Second, the levels of moral education in HE class were higher than average. Teachers valued moral virtues highly, such as respect for life, diligence and sincerity, courage, and respect for parents and the elderly. Third, HE teachers' individual variables, such as institution type shows the statistically meaningful difference in the levels of moral education. Teachers' group with more educational career and aged teachers' group, and public school teachers' group provided moral education more than the others.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.111-133
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• 2006

This study was examined to reveal the medical Science of Balhae which was not well displayed until now. For this, the category of the medical science of Balhae(渤海) was decided in diachronic and synchronic perspective and the concrete contents of the medical science of Balhae(渤海) was presumed. Balhae(渤海) succeeded to the medical science of Koguryo(高句麗) and its orthodoxy. Through the interchange between Balhae(渤海) and the country as Dang(唐) and Shilla(新羅), Balhae(渤海) accepted new medical knowledge. Balhae(渤海) had a customs to eat a cake made of rice flour and artemisia paste on the Tano Festival(端午) to overcome its constitutional character. And medicines as Gon-po(昆布), Doo-shi were treated valuable. and they used Ondol(溫突). Balhae(渤海) advanced suigeneris abscess medicine(治腫醫學), and they valued much of Hyangyak(鄕藥). And they took the serious view on the scripture in the education and on the simplic in the clinic. It shows Balhae(渤海) had the unique medical tradition of our nation. The medical institution and medical educational system of Balhae(渤海) was fundamental to that of Koguryo(高句麗), and it was established in the reference of the system of Dang(唐) and Shilla(新羅). It influenced the establishment of medical system and medical education of Corea(高麗) later on. And the medical doctor of the Balhae(渤海) who was dispatched to Japan imparted the advanced medicine of Balhae(渤海) and it was fundamental to the Japanese medical development. Balhae(渤海) produced superior acupuncture on the basis of superior materials which are represented as metalwork technology and Corea-copper(高麗銅) which are handed down from the Old-Chosun(古朝鮮) and Koguryo(高句麗). And we can suppose the level of Balhae(渤海) through the fact that the acupunctual technique of Koguryo(高句麗) was spread out to the nearby country. By the tradition of acupuncture and moxibustion, the theory of Bi-bo(裨補) that cure a disease on the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion appeared in the north and south branch period(南北國時代). And we can prusure the level of acupuncture of Balhae(渤海) through this fact. Balhae(渤海) educated herbal medicine with priority given to Shin-nong-bon-cho-kyong(神農本草經) stand on the serious view on the scripture. They produced a various herbs on the basis of broad territory and suigeneris herbal medicine. It is famous herb of Balhae(渤海), that To-sa-ja, Gon-po(昆布), Doo-shi, Ginseng(人蔘), Woo-hwang(牛黃), Song-ja(松子), Hwang-myung-kyo (黃明膠), Baek-bu-ja(白附子), Sa-hyang(麝香), Honey(蜜).

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.121-140
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• 2007

Seowon(書院) is a representing institution in Choseon Dynasty not only educationally but also politically and economically. Due to the artificial crackdown by Daewon-gun in 1871 and destruction by wars, it is difficult to restore and interpret the Seowon accurately at present. It is well known that the 'Basic Form' of the Seowon consists of an inner court, enclosed by the rear gangdang (lecture hall), dongseo-jae (east and west dormitory), and the front munlu (gate pavilion or upper story bower for relaxation), represented by so called 'front-dormitory rear-lecture-hall type', that is, 'jeonjae hudang(前齋後堂) type'. However, it is overlooked that this Basic Form is a product of Youngnam School located only in Youngnam area. A different form, of 'front-lecture-hall rear-dormitory type', or 'jeonndang hujae(前堂後齋) type' is located only in Gyeonggi, Hoseo and Honam area. It has been wrongly analyzed that the type is a result of the later period, emphasizing the memorial service rather than the lecture itself, and worshipping loyalists than Confucian scholars. Analysis encompassing each Seowon architecture has been mistakenly made by historians as "deterioration" of the original educational purpose of the Seowon from the early period to the later period. This paper raises the fact that the form of jeondang hujae type has been established since the early period of Seowon in the 16th Century. It has a unique order of space itself. Here, the lecture hall faces toward sadang (shrine). The inner court, enclosed by east and west jae and the lecture hall, becomes the outer yard of the shrine, and as a result two main spaces of the shrine and lecture area is merged into one. While the munlu of the basic type encloses the inner court of the main area, the munlu of jeondang hujae type is located at the vicinity area. This paper reinterprets the jeondang hujae type not as a form coming out of degenerated period but as a type that belongs to a different Confucian school, the area of Kiho, and concludes that the Seowon is a product of political struggles between the two schools and of the local economical situation. Each school has maintained his own type of form, therefore the remaining Kiho Seowon architecture can be reevaluated.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.265-282
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• 2008

This research aims to provide a solution for the improvement of private security according to the change in criminal environment. The main cause of crime can be found in the anti-functional dimensions including value set disorder, social phenomenon variation, information-based, globalization and urbanization. In this environment, the private security sector has dramatically increased in a quantitative viewpoint, but it is insufficient in a qualitative viewpoint. This paper recognized this problem and demonstrates a solution for improvement through classifying elements of private security into relevant legislation, education institutions, security companies and security associations. The analysis result is a follows: First, motivation and satisfaction rate of escort and security related major has shown to be high. However, respondents evaluated the guard educational institution negatively. Second, the motivation of entering into the private security sector for internal staffs has shown to be positive and sound. However, the job satisfaction rate has shown to be low due to excessive competition, negative perception of occupation and low earning. Third, respondents gave an average mark to the Security Association's management and operation. In addition, the mutual-aid project received the same mark. Negative feedbacks were given to the protection of member's interest and to association operation and policy, while positive feedbacks were given to the degree of member's cooperation towards association policies.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.27-55
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• 2008

Since quality assurance and enhancement (QAE) raises the fundamental issue of the survival of higher education institutions and national competitiveness, guides on quality assurance (QA) are popular both domestically and worldwide. Despite the focus in many countries on trying to establish and implement QA systems, no clear investigation has been conducted on what actually happens in the institutions. Therefore, the present study examines the quality control system of the UK at an institutional level by focusing on the case of Scotland QAE. As Scottish QAE especially emphasizes student engagement and quality culture, this study investigates the present QAE situation in the institution and current ideas for better future practices by analyzing the perceptions of internal stakeholders' from the University of Edinburgh, School of Education, based on the stakeholder theory and implications for other contexts. The stakeholder analysis results demonstrate the successful application of QAE with a high level of understanding and stakeholder interest. However, the current strategy is missing certain opportunities for staff and students. Therefore, further information disclosure, formative evaluation, better communication and administrational supports are required for improved practice.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-30
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• 2016

The purposes of this study are to analyze the higher education admission policy of France and to draw policy implications for Korea. For this study, literature reviews and interviews (face-to-face, email, telephone) were adopted for main research methods. The major findings were as follows: First, baccalaur?at diploma is necessary for higher education admission in France but each higher education has different admission policy according to their legal status. University has open enrollment policy and has no student selection process. Other higher institutions such as grands ?coles select students based on students' academic achievements. Second, baccalaur?at is national diploma which shows successful conclusion of the upper secondary education and gives right of access to higher education. This diploma is awarded to candidates who have passed a series of standardized written and oral tests drawn up at national level (10/20points). Third, students' academic achievements in high schools are major criteria for admission for higher institutions which has student selection process. Fourth, entrance exams implemented at college level are various according to higher institution. Last, 'Admission Post-bac-APB' site is used to support and facilitate the whole admission process. Based on these findings, several policy implications were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.161-184
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• 2017

This study aims to draw implications by analyzing the direction of the reorganization of French teacher policy focusing on ESPE which was introduced in 2013 according to the flow of French education reform. When looking at the major changes in the French teacher training system, three revisions have been made over the last 25 years and starting from IUFM introduced in 1991 and through in 2009, ESPE, a new teacher training institute, has been introduced in 2013 and been running. ESPE is an independent professional teacher training institution for educating teachers (from kindergarten to university) as well as education specialists and the understanding of ESPE has a significance in that it can see the direction of reform of French teacher policy in the fact that all advantages of the former system is succeed at maximum and the disadvantages are complemented. When looking at the major reorganization direction of French teacher policy, first, it has strengthened its position as a research teacher by connecting teacher training with the master's degree program. Second, it pursued the balance between theoretical education and field training in teacher training. Third, eligibility criteria of teacher training become diversified and it's downgrading from master degree to bachelor degree. Fourth, teacher training, teacher recruitment exam, master degree in teaching and teacher certification are linked each other. Fifth, teacher training is made in two aspects, teachers as well as education specialists. In conclusion, French teacher policy has a great significance in terms of the fact that the will of reform improving the quality of education ultimately through establishing the status as research teacher and improving the quality of teachers can be seen.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2019

Seafaring is an important occupation that requires stringent hand hygiene practices as a basic method for preventing food-borne illness and infectious diseases when the diseases occur on board. The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data for the prevention of food-borne illness and infectious disease on the ship by investigating the level of hand hygiene practices and influencing factors. A total of 222 seafarers were surveyed at a seafarers' educational institution between July and August 2017. Their hand hygiene practice were examined by a modified method using the guidelines which are recommended by the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Hand Hygiene Australia. The mean of hand hygiene practice was 47.97 out of 75 points. By category, the most frequent hand hygiene practice was measured as 4.04 on a 5-point scale as 'after working'. Factors affecting hand hygiene practices were ship tonnage relating to in job characteristics, exercise in health-related characteristics, and soap in relation to the characteristics of the hand hygiene environment on board. To improve hand hygiene among seafarers, it is necessary to raise awareness of hand hygiene among seafarers who work on small ships in particular, and to improve the systems of hand hygiene on ships with continuous education, hygiene practice evaluation and feedback.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Smoking has become one of the public health harzard affecting the world. In the UK, smoking is responsible for around one in five deaths. The illnesses caused by smoking extend beyond the well-reported links with cancer, heart disease and respiratory illnesses. Hence the research to determine the awareness of the predisposing factor to smoking among adults in sokoto metropolis. A cross-sectional form of descriptive survey research design was used for this study. This is because descriptive studies are used when the characteristics of a population are either unknown or partially known (Hennekens & Buring, 2007), and it was used by Ganley and Rosario (2013) in a related research this justified the use of similar design in a study of similar nature.Two hundred and seventy returned questionnaire was collected, analyzed using descriptive statistic of frequency count, normative percentage and grand mean; as well as inferential statistics of chi-square (${\chi}^2$). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05. Appropriate degrees of freedom were worked out. There was statistical significant influence or relationship with marital status on the predisposing factors of smoking chi-square of 19716.516 greater than the critical value 43.77297at df 30 p<0.05. There were statistical significance chi-square =27468.348 which is greater than the critical value 43.77297 at df= 30. These show that there is a relationship on gender awareness of predisposing factors to smoking rejecting the null hypotheses. The respondents across different lever/year higher institution shows that the awareness of predisposing factors of smoking there were a statistical significance difference chi-square =7168.429 (df=88) greater than critical value 102.342 rejecting the null hypotheses. There is consistent evidence that links exposure to depictions of smoking in movies and initiation of smoking in young people. Over the years television shows and films have effectively built up associations between smoking and glamour, sex and risk-taking. Social learning theory describes how we learn by example from others. We are strongly influenced by our parents, and other people we look up to, such as peers, actors and pop stars. This can lead us to emulate their behaviour and try smoking.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

The Neis System is a system integrating administrative information that was operated in elementary and secondary schools in Korea. Currently, this system is operated by a central server method and contains school administration information and important educational information of students. Among student information, the student life record contains important information for a student to advance to a higher level institution, but problems such as information leakage or manipulation may occur due to malicious attacks. In this paper, we propose a hybrid blockchain system that combines the server and blockchain technology managed by the existing Neis system. The proposed system records the query information of the database in a block when student information is accessed. When a request for correction of student information or issuance of a certificate is received, the query of the blockchain, the information in the database, and the student's key value are checked to determine whether the information has been leaked or manipulated, and only if the data is normal, the request for revision of the record is performed. This process is more secure than the existing central server because it checks the manipulation of data through the blockchain. The proposed system was implemented on the Ethereum platform, and the query information of the blockchain was experimentally verified using smart contracts. This study contributes to enhancing the reliability of the Nice system by strengthening the security against forgery and alteration of student data by combining the existing Nice system with a block chain.