• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2018

This study analyzed the trends of patents for unmanned technology used in agriculture. The target countries for this survey of patent data were Korea, the USA and Japan as well as the countries in Europe. The indices used in this study to analyze the patents were the CPP (Cites Per Patent), PII (Patent Impact Index), and PFS (Patent Family Size). The total effective patents for unmanned technology used in agriculture were 1,080 cases. The number of patents in the USA, Japan, Europe, and Korea were 541, 326, 128 and 85 cases, respectively. Among the total effective patents, the evaluation scores for selected important patents were calculated by applying commonly used weights to each index, and the top 10 patents were selected as important patents. The results showed that all the top ten patents are owned by the United States and that the United States is an advanced country in the field of unmanned technology used in agriculture. The evaluation score of the important patents using the existing method was biased toward the PII index among the three patent evaluation standards, and the effects of the number of claims and the PFS were relatively small. Therefore, a reliable patent analysis in the field of unmanned technology used in agriculture needs to reflect the overall evaluation factors taking into consideration the scope of the evaluation factors.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제25권
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• pp.597-626
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• 2011

Civil college is a public educational institute for theoretical and practical learning. This study examines the social context behind France's civil college and how it is being operated. Many studies have been conducted in Korea to examine Germany in terms of lifelong learning or adult learning, but there is almost no study on France. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the history and operation of civil college, the "college outside college," in France and what Korea should learn from it. The civil college of France can be discussed in two contexts: first, it is AUPF, which stands for the French association of civil colleges, and it was mostly influenced by Northern Europe and Germany. Second, it is Caen Civil College, which was established by M. Onfray based his philosophical collaboration. The European civil college opened almost 1,000 courses in 2010-2011 for a variety of subjects, including Foreign Languages, Mother Tongue, the Dialects of Alsace, Philosophy, Cosmology, History, Art History, Psychology, Sociology, Astronomy, Botany, and Natural Science. Courses in Fine Arts include drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, music, and theater. For another form of civil college, Philosopher M. Onfray has been operating Caen Civil College since 2002 for general education and cultural education. It is not acknowledged by conventional philosophers, but it is contributing to the popularization of philosophy. In conclusion, the civil college in France has brought in-depth philosophical discussions out of the lecture rooms in an effort to popularize learning, making lifelong learning more accessible to the general public.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2008

The reason that we are familiar with fashion from the 1950s is because of the work such as New Look done by a french fashion designer, Christian Dior who had taken on an almost mythical significance by his name. Moreover, in the sense of popularity, the appearance of Marilyn Monroe and Audrey Hepburn, two typical Hollywood actresses who each has directly-opposed image, is the symbol of youthful America of the 1950s and represents the remarkable start of the American fashion. Still, these days designers and mass medias recall the fashion from the 50s remaking and parodying it to suit public's taste. Being due to the World War II, Europe suffered not only the loss of its national tradition and reputation but also got a fatal blow politically and economically. On the other hand, the United States of America occupied a primary position in the world and outstandingly became the most powerful country. The American fashion of the 1950s represents youth and newness and rejects outdated and outmoded style. In this period, appears the indication which announces previously the youth culture. Poodle skirt is the fashion item that acquired popularity among young american women and girls in the late 1950s. In effect, it is the fashion as American as apple pie. A costly A-line skirt had been transformed into a cheap felt skirt. Instead of a real poodle dog which was carried by French women like an accessory, they embroidered a poodle dog on the lower edge of their skirt. As deriding the snobbish gait, they swayed themselves frantically to the rhythm of Rock n' Roll which swept those days. This was an attitude of young Americans against the existing trend of Europe. Poodle skirt showed the free spirit and intention of young people unbound to custom and established vogue. In addition, in the aspect of comprising the American spirit of independent, pioneer, and subjective American people, it goes beyond the bounds of common concept of fad. Poodle skirt is an unique symbol of the 1950s' American fashion which prognosticates the advent of the United States and the success in modern fashion world which was changing after 1950s.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.64-75
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• 2024

Purposes: This study aims to identify the characteristics of the study subjects by age, including non-elderly people aged 19 to 65, pre-elderly people aged 65 to 75, and elderly people aged 75 and over, and to identify factors affecting health literacy based on an investigation of the health literacy level of each study group. This study would like to find out the differences in health literacy factors by age group. Methodology: The HLS-EU-Q16, developed by the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe for the Health literacy Survey of Europeans, will be applied in this study. Findings: We found that scores decreased in order of nonelderly, pre-elderly, and late-elderly in health care, disease prevention, and health promotion. In addition, health literacy was lower in the older age group, and higher health literacy was associated with being unmarried, higher education, and higher income. In terms of influencing factors, marital status was significantly different in the non-elderly group, and higher education level was associated with higher health literacy. Practical Implications: The results of this study show that health literacy levels are low in all age groups, and efforts to improve health literacy in younger, older, and non-elderly groups are needed. It is expected that age-specific health literacy strategies can help improve the level of understanding and utilization of health information, improve health, and lead a healthy life.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제13권
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• pp.1-28
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• 1986

An outline of the scope and history of encyclopaedias is essentially a guide to the story of the development of scholarship, for encyclopaedias stand out as landmarks throughout the centuries, recording much of what was known at the time of publication. the early stage of encyclopaedias originated a summaries of scholarship in forms comprehensible to their readers, so that compiled their works single-handedly. The impact of Christianity brought a new phase in Western encyclopaedia making. As religion is emphasized in the encyclopaedias of those time, it pervades the whole of their contents. It was made for Christian education. The general trend in treatment in the Middle ages was arranged by subject. Most of the encyclopaedias issued before the introduction of printing into Europe having been arranged in a methodical or classical form, the alphabetically arranged encyclopaedia has a history of less than 1000 years. By influence of printing and Renaissance, a turning point came with encyclopaedia making. There were just as increasingly preferred to put practical topics first. Until those time, thought in terms of arranging their entries in alphabetical order has already familiarized. By generalization of public education in 19th-century, there were increasingly the number of purchasers so that prevailed commercial publication. It was those time that was settled the features of contemporary such as multivolume compendium of all available knowledge, complete with maps and a very detailed index, as well as numerous adjuncts such as bibliographies, illustrations, lists of abbreviations and foreign expressions, gazetteers, and so on.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2013

Since 1993, Korea Institute of Design Promotion has carried out Design Promotion Comprehensive Plan every 4 years and due to the institutes founding purpose the plans are mainly focused on enhancing quality of merchandise goods. However due to social and economic changes now enhancing quality of cultural living through design is becoming important as ever. The purpose of this paper is to find our characteristics and changes in design policies and programs to diffuse design culture in the plans. The researchers have inquired proceeding studies on cultural and design policies and also looked into cases that were carried out in Europe to diffuse design culture. By analyzing EU's Cultural Policies four means were found: Education, Exchange, Participation, and Sharing. The results are as follows. First, in the beginning main focus was to educate people about the importance of design and what good design is, in bureaucratic ways. In the Secondary plan, reaching out to local regions begin to show in order to diffuse design culture that was and still is mainly centered around Seoul. Thirdly plan shows more exchanges but not only limited to domestic regions but international wide. In the Forth plan, participation programs and those engaging design to solve social problems are shown but still not much attention is payed to sharing.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2021

다문화 가구가 증가하는 한국의 상황에서 교육 전반에서 다문화 역량을 강화할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 학교 현장에서 사용되고 있는 2015 개정 중학교 미술 교과서 7종을 선택하여 맥피(Macfee)가 제시한 다문화교육 관점에서 교과서의 참고도판과 내용의 비중을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 첫쨰, 지역별 다문화 참고 도판 비중은 한국 도판(44%)과 서양 도판(43%)의 비중이 높은 데에 비해 동양 도판(13%)의 비중은 매우 낮았다. 체험영역에서는 한국 도판보다 오히려 서양 도판이 13.8% 더 수록되었으며 서양 도판도 미국과 유럽 도판으로 편중되어 있었다. 둘째, 다문화 내용 비중을 분석한 결과 총 단원의 57.7% 즉 156개 중 90개 단원이 다문화 내용을 포함하고 있었다. 결과적으로 2009 개정 미술 교과서와 비교해서 2015 개정 중학교 미술 교과서의 다문화 비중은 확장되었다.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.311-320
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• 2015

In 1613 the official-scholar LI Zhi-zao (李之藻) of the Ming Dynasty, in collaboration with the Italian Jesuit Matteo RICCI (利瑪竇), compiled the treatise Tongwen Suanzhi (同文算指). This is the first book which transmitted into China in a systematic and comprehensive way the art of written calculation that had been in common practice in Europe since the sixteenth century. This paper tries to see what pedagogical lessons can be gleaned from the book, in particular on the basic operations in arithmetic and related applications in various types of problems which form the content of modern day mathematics in elementary school education.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제65권
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• pp.189-214
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 중세 후기 탁발 수도자들, 도미니칸 수도자들을 중심으로 그들의 삶과 교육목회가 성직자와 평신도들에게 끼친 영향을 탐구하는 것이다. 탁발 수도자들의 사도적 삶과 탁월한 교육목회는 거룩한 진리를 갈망하던 평신도들의 믿음의 성장에 크게 기여하였다. 특별히 도미니칸 수도자들이 가르친 정통 기독교 교리와 논리적 논쟁을 통하여 카타리파와 같은 이단들의 개종에 기여하였다. 또한, 탁발 수도자의 목회는 중세교회의 성직자들로 하여금 교회의 본질에 대한 바른 이해와 사도적 소명의식을 굳게 하였다. 끝으로, 탁발 수도자들의 교육 목회는 중세 교회 성직자들이 설교자, 교사, 영혼의 치유자, 그리고 고해 신부의 역할을 감당하는데 큰 도움이 되었다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.415-429
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• 2002

본 연구는 탈냉전 이후 유럽에서 나타난 군수산업의 동향과 그에 따른 지역적 영향, 그리고 군수산업과 지역적 위기에 대한 군수산업기업과 유럽연합, 각국 정부, 지역 및 지방자치단체에 의해 시행된 대응정책에 대해 고찰하였다. 1980년대 후반부터 1990년대 초반까지의 기간에 이루어진 냉전종식과 긴장완화 추세, 유럽연합 형성과 유럽독자방위체제 창설논의 등 군사안보정책의 급격한 변화는 유럽 국가들의 국방비 지출의 감소, 군수장비 수출의 급격한 감소, 군병력의 축소와 군수산업 고용자 해고의 증가 등 커다란 변화를 가져오게 하였다. 이러한 변화와 더불어 유럽의 군수산업은 위기에 직면하게 되었고, 위기에 직면한 군수산업기업들은 내적 다변화, 외적 성장, 민간부문으로 산업전환 등 매우 다양한 전략을 추구하고 있다. 또한 군수산업의 위기는 군수산업에 대해 경제적 사회적 강한 의존성을 보인 군수산업 지역의 경제와 사회에 큰 어려움을 가져오게 하였고 유럽연합, 각국 정부, 지역 및 지방자치단체는 이들 지역의 경제적 사회적 영향을 최소화하기 위해 타 산업분야의 활성화와 산업전환 등을 통해 지역경제를 다변화를 시키기 위한 정책을 시행하였다.