• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2018

본 연구는 성별에 따른 중 장년의 만성질환과 구강건강행태가 치주질환에 미치는 위험도를 살펴보고자 한다. 국민건강영양조사 제6기 원시자료를 이용하여 만35~65세의 중 장년 남성 3,071명, 여성 4,273명 총 7,344명을 최종연구대상자로 선정하였다. 본 연구 결과, 주관적 구강건강상태 '나쁨'이 남성은 1.69배(p<0.001), 여성은 1.50배(p<0.001) 치주질환 위험도를 나타냈다. 저작불편 '있음'은 남성은 2.01배(p<0.001), 여성은 1.40배((p=0.001)의 치주질환 위험도를 나타냈다. 흡연자는 남성에서는 1.68배(p<0.001), 여성은 2.07배(p<0.001) 치주질환 위험도를 나타냈다. 고혈압유병은 정상에 비해 고혈압전단계 군이 남성은 1.44배(p<0.001), 여성은 1.30배(p<0.05)의 치주질환 위험도를 나타냈다. 비만은 정상에 비해 비만군에서 남성은 1.199배(p<0.05), 여성은 1.202배(p<0.05)의 치주질환의 위험도를 나타냈다. 당뇨는 정상인에 비해 당뇨병 유병군에서 남성은 1.28배(p<0.05), 여성은 1.53배(p<0.05)의 치주질환 위험도를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 남성은 저작불편, 여성은 흡연이 치주질환에 가장 큰 위험도를 나타냈다. 흡연과 당뇨병군을 제외한 모든 변수에서 남성이 여성에 비해 치주질환의 위험도가 더 높게 나타났다. 남성이 치주질환의 위험도가 더 높게 나타난 것으로 보아, 남성의 구강건강관리에 좀 더 관심을 갖고 구강질병 예방을 위한 체계적인 구강보건교육 및 정책이 필요하다고 여겨진다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2008

This study was performed to the possibility of developing anti-aging convenient food that is to Koreans' taste. Editor: this abstract appears to describe a study of public opinion and not related to the development of anti-aging convenient foods. In total, The 150 adults, living in Seoul (Korea), participated in this study in the capacity of subjects. Editor: You really have to mention the age-range of the subjects, as senility is an old age disease. In particular, you talk about the intention of subjects (discussed below) to buy anti-aging food products. This would be directly related to their age, as I assume that older people would be more concerned about senility that relatively younger subjects. They were randomly assigned to 25 groups. In result initial descriptive analysis revealed that, 82 percent of subjects awoke to were aware of senility, and the while 26.7 percent were seriously thought of it concerned. Furthermore, The 58.7 percent said that believed food has the possibility has a role in of controlling senility, and the while 64.0 percent said stated that senility may be controlled by eating constitutional foods. Further comparative analysis of In the case of the group of which members subjects have been who were trying to control senility revealed that their, the reliance on food general and constitutional food was significantly higher than those who have not tried to do so did nothing. The From the 61.3 percent have been of subject who were trying to control senility, from among them, the 74.0 percent and the 22.7 percent were relied on physical taking exercises and anti-aging foods, respectively. Likewise, it was ascertained When asked whether subjects intend to purchase anti-aging convenient food if it was is developed. The 67.3 percent and the 72.7 percent indicated their intentionded to purchase the normal product and constitutional products, respectively. Resultantly, anti-aging convenient food was in demand to some extent. Given that anti-aging products are in high demand, In such a case, senile severity (p<0.05), anti-aging possibility in constitutional foods (p<0.001) and anti-aging action (p<0.001) are regarded as variables in the purchase of the normal products. In the case of relation to constitutional products, anti-aging possibility in constitutional food (p<0.001) and anti-aging action (p<0.001) were regarded as variables.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.219-239
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• 2022

본 연구는 전국에 거주하는 국내 성인 남녀 508명을 대상으로 주관적 사회경제적 지위와 공정성 인식(자기 분배공정성, 자기 절차공정성, 일반 분배공정성, 일반 절차공정성)간의 관계를 알아보고, 연령(20대와 30대 이상)에 따른 조절효과가 나타나는지 검증하였다. 이를 위해 개인의 공정성 인식과 주관적 사회경제적 지위를 측정하는 자기보고식 설문조사를 진행하였으며, SPSS 27과 PROCESS Macro 4.0 프로그램을 활용하여 연구변인 간의 상관관계를 확인하고, 연령대별 연구변인의 차이를 분산분석으로 검증하여 연령구분이 타당한지 살펴본 후, 조절분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주관적 사회경제적 지위는 자기 분배공정성, 자기 절차공정성, 일반 분배공정성, 일반 절차공정성 모두와 정적인 관계를 보였으며 연령과 부적 관계를 보였다. 둘째, 연령은 자기 및 일반 분배공정성, 자기 절차공정성과 부적인 관계를 보였으며, 일반 절차공정성과의 관계는 유의하지 않았다. 셋째, 연령대별 연구변인의 차이를 확인한 결과, 20대는 30대 이상과 상이한 특징을 보였으나, 30대 이상에서는 유의한 연령대별 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 넷째, 자기 분배공정성과 일반 절차공정성에 대해서만 연령의 유의한 조절효과가 나타났다. 구체적으로 자기 분배공정성의 경우, 30대 이상의 집단에서 20대보다 주관적 사회경제적 지위와 자기 분배공정성의 정적 관계가 더 강하게 나타났다. 일반 절차공정성의 경우, 20대에서는 주관적 사회경제적 지위가 일반 절차공정성을 유의미하게 예측하지 못하였으나, 30대 이상의 경우 주관적 사회경제적 지위가 일반 절차공정성을 정적으로 예측하였다. 본 연구는 20대와 30대 이상의 연령대를 비교하였을 때 주관적 사회경제적 지위와 공정성 인식 간의 관계 양상이 다르게 나타남을 밝혀 주관적 사회경제적 지위와 공정성 인식에 대한 세대 간 인식 차이를 제시했다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1003-1024
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• 2016

초고령화 사회를 앞두고 최근 들어 노인 인권의 중요성에 대한 사회적, 학문적 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 노인학대 연구가 본격화된 지난 20년간 발표된 한국의 지역사회 거주 노인학대에 대한 문헌들을 체계적으로 고찰하고, 향후 이 주제에 대한 연구와 예방 정책 수립을 위한 기초 근거자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법은 한국의 지역사회 노인학대 연구가 본격적으로 논의되기 시작된 1994년부터 2016년 2월까지 노년학 관련 주요 데이터베이스를 이용하여 노인학대 문헌들을 검색하고, 체계적 문헌고찰 방법에 따라 검토하는 단계들을 거쳐 최종적으로 31편의 연구를 선정하였다. 선정된 연구들에 대해서 연구의 일반적인 특성과 노인학대의 유형, 노인학대 측정도구, 이론적 개념 틀에 근거하여 노인학대의 영향요인을 체계적으로 고찰하였다. 연구결과 총 31편의 선행연구는 모두 단면연구였으며, 도시의 지역사회 거주 노인들을 대상으로 비확률 표본추출을 시도한 연구가 대부분을 차지하였다. 넓은 의미의 정의에 포함되는 모든 노인학대 유형을 다루고 있는 연구는 발견되지 않았고, 노인학대 측정도구는 연구자의 임의에 따라 도구를 조합하고, 타당도가 검증되지 않은 도구를 사용하는 경우가 대부분이었다. 지역사회 노인학대의 영향요인의 경우 가해자와 피해자의 일반적 특성 증 연령, 성별, 교육수준, 배우자 유무들은 상당수의 연구에서 유의한 경향이 확인되지 않거나, 상반된 결과를 보인데 비해, 피해자 및 가해자의 신체기능 및 인지기능 장애 등과 관련된 신체적 특성과 정신질환, 스트레스, 알코올 중독 등의 정신적 특성과 관련한 요인은 노인학대의 위험성과 밀접한 관련성이 확인되었다. 또한, 돌봄 자와 돌봄 받는 노인의 부양기대감에 대한 차이를 줄이는 것, 돌봄 부담 감소를 위한 지원, 노인 친화적 지역사회 조성이 노인학대예방에 중요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 향후 한국의 지역사회 노인학대 연구는 사회문화적 맥락을 고려한 이론의 적용 및 이에 대한 엄밀한 실증연구가 필요하며, 이를 위해 한국의 맥락이 반영된 일반화된 노인학대 척도를 개발하고, 이를 활용하여 노인학대의 세부 유형별로 다차원적 영향요인을 탐색하는 것을 제언한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2011

The Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) revised the Health Functional Food Act in 2008 and extended the form of health functional foods to general food types. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate consumers' perceptions of the expanded form of health functional food and to predict consumption patterns. For this study, 1,006 male and female adults aged 19 years and older were selected nationwide by multi-stage stratified random sampling and were surveyed in 1:1 interviews. The questionnaire survey was conducted by Korea Gallup. The subjects consisted of 497 (49.4%) males and 509 (50.6%) females. About 57.9% of the subjects recognized the KFDA's permission procedures for health functional foods. Regarding the health functional foods that the subjects had consumed, red ginseng products were the highest (45.3%), followed by nutritional supplements (34.9%), ginseng products (27.9%), lactobacillus-containing products (21.0%), aloe products (20.3%), and Japanese apricot extract products (18.4%). Opinions on expanding the form of health functional foods to general food types scored 4.7 points on a 7-point scale, showing positive responses. In terms of the effects of medicine-type health functional foods versus generic health functional foods, the highest response was 'same effects if the same ingredients are contained' at a rate of 34.7%. For intake frequency by food type, the response of 'daily consistent intake' was 31.7% for capsules, tablets, and pills, and 21.7% for extracts. For general food types, 'daily consistent intake' was 44.5% for rice and 22.8% for beverages, which were higher rates than those for medicine types. From the above results, consumers had positive opinions of the expansion of health functional foods to generic forms but are not expected to maintain accurate intake frequencies or amounts. Thus, continuous promotion and education are needed for proper intake of generic health functional foods.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2012

Objectives: To examine the association between alcohol consumption habit, types of beverages, alcohol consumption quantity, and overall and cancer-specific mortality among Korean adults. Methods: The alcohol consumption information of a total of 16 320 participants who were 20 years or older from the Korean Multicenter Cancer Cohort were analyzed to examine the association between alcohol consumption habit and mortality (median follow-up of 9.3 years). The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of alcohol consumption to mortality adjusting for age, sex, geographic areas, education, smoking status, and body mass index. Results: Alcohol drinkers showed an increased risk for total mortality compared with never drinkers (HR, 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38 to 2.14 for past drinkers; HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.39 for current drinkers), while past drinkers only were associated with higher risk for cancer deaths (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.34 to 2.53). The quantity of alcohol consumed per week showed a J-shaped association with risk of mortality. Relative to light drinkers (0.01 to 90 g/wk), never drinkers and heavy drinkers (>504 g/wk) had an increased risk for all-cause and cancer deaths: (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.45) and (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.83) for all-cause mortality; and (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.11) and (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.39 to 3.09) for all cancer mortality, respectively. Heavy drinkers (>504 g/wk) showed an elevated risk for death from stomach and liver cancers. Conclusions: The present study supports the existence of a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption quantity and the risk of all-cause and cancer deaths. Heavy drinkers had an increased risk of death from cancer overall and liver and stomach cancer.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.262-274
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• 2023

Background: Exposure levels for heavy metals such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) have increased due to human activities. They are known to be a public health concern. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the exposure levels to heavy metals in the blood and urine of South Korean adults and to present the contribution rate of exposure pathways using an exposure algorithm for men aged 19~64, women aged 19~64, and all seniors aged 65 or older. Methods: We analyzed data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Cycle 4 (2018~2020). A total of 2,646 participants aged ≥19 years were included. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors affecting heavy metal concentrations. The contribution rate was calculated by applying three exposure algorithms for ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure. Results: Factors that commonly affect heavy metal concentrations in blood and urine were gender and age. The main influencing factors for Pb and Cd were education level and smoking status, while frequency of fish consumption and of alcohol consumption were indicated to be the main influencing factors for mercury. The contribution rates of lead and cadmium from food ingestion were 78.03~79.62% and 88.39~92.89%, respectively. Additionally, the highest contribution for mercury was accounted for by food at 81.69~85.77%. As a result of the risk assessment, cadmium was found to pose a potential health risk a with total cancer risk (TCR) of more than 1×10^-6. Conclusions: The KoNEHS could be an important study for determining the level of exposure to heavy metals and their influencing factors. Integrated exposure to heavy metals could assess the main exposure pathways, and this methodology could be applied to exposure management of heavy metals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.6883-6888
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• 2015

Background: Tobacco smoking is a major cause of preventable disease and death worldwide. Kreteks are clove-flavored cigarettes made from a combination of tobacco and ground-clove mixed with a sauce, smoked widely in Indonesia. Because health and social consequences of kretek smoking are potentially as great as those of traditional cigarettes, this study examines the prevalence of kretek smoking in Indonesia and associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study used nationally representative Indonesia Global Adult Tobacco Survey data. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify correlates of kretek smoking. Results: One-third of Indonesian adults smoked tobacco of which about 90.0% smoked kreteks. Prevalence of kretek smoking among men (60.9%) was more than 25 times the rate among women (2.3%). Overall, the highest prevalence of kretek use was in the age group 45-54 years (36.5%), followed by 34-44 (35.1%), 25-34 (34.2 %), and 55-64 years (32.8%). By wealth index, prevalence of kreteks smoking among those in the middle index was almost 50% above the rate for the wealthiest group (36.4% vs 24.8% respectively). Logistic regression results showed that being male, being older, having less education, and being less wealthy were significant predictors of kretek smoking, while urban vs rural residence was not. Conclusions: Kretek smoking is common in Indonesia and is entrenched in the sociocultural fabric of the country. However, potential consequences of kretek smoking, particularly as risks for noncommunicable diseases, underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach to tobacco control as outlined in the World Health Organization's MPOWER strategies.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.143-162
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• 1998

This is a study for the construction of nursing care based upon the Korean attitude toward medicine. Factors which were investigated include the source of nursing care, the reason for choosing care, the type of heath care chosen, the accessability of caregivers, and the desired location of death. The population examined in this study consisted of 517 adults distributed in six large cities and 191 adults from five rural communities. Data was analyzed using frequency, percent, Cronbach alpha, $X^2$ - test, t - test, F - test and scheffe post hoc contrast with an SAS program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Among sources of nursing care used, first rank rated-pharmacy(54.4), private hospital(18.2), general hospital(8.4), folk remedies in house (5.0), chinese hospital(2.8), prayer(2.8) and others(8.4), and the reasons for choosing nursing care rated 'the easiest method' (63.6), 'the best method'(15.7), 'reliable'(10.8) and 'lower cost burden'(4.6) in order of preference. 2. The type of nursing care chosen rated western medicine(6.80), chinese medicine(6.15), folk remedies(5.46), faith remedies(3.51) and divination remedies (1.41). There were significant differences in the effect recognition degree to various kinds of medicine. 3. The difference of the type of nursing care chosen according to general characteristics showed that urban residents were higher than rural community residents(t=2.15, p=0.0320) in western medicine, and urban residents, women, and singles were higher than rural community residents(t=2.04, p=0.0414), men (t= -2.89, p=0.0039), and married(t=2.50, p= 0.0126) on folk remedies. With repect to age and education those 21-30, under 20 and 31-40, graduated from college and graduate school were higher than above 51, above 61 (F = 7.76, p = 0.0001), graduated from elementary school(F=4.39, p=0.0006) on folk remedies. In other categories, rural community residents, women, younger people. Christians were higher than urban residents ( t = -2.73, p=0.0305), men(t= -4.15, p=0.0001), older people (F=2.48, p=0.0307), Catholic, Buddhist, or atheist (F= 70.18, p=0.0001) on faith remedies. Those graduated from high school and Buddhist were higher than unschooled, graduated from middle school(F=3.18, p= 0.0075), atheist, Catholic or Christian(F=18.32, p=0.0001) on divination redemies. There were significant differences concerning age and education level. 4. The accessibility of caregivers rated 'caregivers should be nearby if the patients need them' (50.0), 'caregivers must be there all day (24 hours)' (39.6), 'caregivers must be there at night only'(5.0), 'caregivers must be there during the day only'(2.6), 'caregivers always should visit during visiting hours' 0.4), 'caregivers don't need to be there at all' (1.2). The frist rank of suitable caregivers were rated as spouse(66.6), mother(24.2), daughter (3.6), daughter-in-law(1.9), and the reasons of thinking thus were rated as 'the most comfortable' (81.5), 'people should correctly with regards to family they'(7.1), 'the easiest' (5.4), 'take good care of the patient' (5.1) and 'lower cost burden' (0.4). 5. The desired location of death rated as the following: his/her house (91. 6) to the hospital(8. 4). A person going to encounter death in the hospital wanted his house(78.5) over the hospital(21.5), and a person dieing in the hospital prefered his house(52.9) over the hospital(47.1) as a funeral ceremony place. The following suggestions are made based on the above results. 1. A sampling method that enhances the re presentativeness should be used in regional and/or national related research and replicated to confirm the result of this study. 2. This study should be used to understand the Korean view of medical centers and to meet the expectations of patients in Korean nursing. 3. Research on the Korean traditional view of humans and expectations of the sick, health and illness, and health behavior, the perception of dying, the decision to heal, and the view of general medicine should continue to be conducted continuosly so that Korean nursing theory can be advanced on these concepts.

• 한국가족복지학
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• 제61호
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• pp.59-91
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• 2018

본 연구는 노인환자 치료경험이 있는 노인 의료전문가를 대상으로, 그들이 인식하는 연령주의를 확인하는 동시에, 이러한 장벽을 없애기 위하여 연령통합적인 차원의 노력과 경험들을 어떻게 해왔는지에 초점을 둔다. 연구대상자인 9명의 의료전문가들의 연령주의와 연령통합에 대한 보다 다양한 인식과 경험을 담아내기 위해 CQR 질적연구 방법을 활용해 분석하였다. 의료전문가들은 연령주의(Ageism)에 대한 자기고백의 이중성을 보이고 있었으며, 의료현장에서는비적정진료, 노인 소외와 보호자 의존, 양극화 된 서비스와 빈곤노인에 대한 이중차별의 방식으로 연령주의가 실재(實在)하고 있었다. 이를 완화 혹은 해결하기 위한 방안으로서의 연령통합적 의료서비스 제공에 대해 어려움을 느끼고 있었으나, 소통을 위한 장벽 허물기를 추구하거나, 노인 뿐 아니라 모두에게 보편적(universal)으로 편안한 환경을 제공하거나, 제도와 서비스 기준을 확대 및 다양화하는 방식으로 연령통합적 서비스를 위한 적용노력을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 급격히 증가하는 노인환자들의 건강한 삶과 적정한 의료서비스 보장을 위해첫째, 연령주의를 가속화 시키는 한국 의료체계 내 요소들에 대한 비판적 고찰, 빈곤노인에 대한 관리체계 개선, 의료전문가 제도 내 연령통합관련 커리큘럼 포함, 노인전문 의료서비스와인력양산 그리고 노인과 노인대상 의료영역에 대한 인식개선을 제안하였다.