• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2008

The life cycle assessment method for environmental impact assessment was used, in this study, to assess the production process of wheat flour which is the most important material in the food industry. Environmental impact assessments were compared between that of the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea (method I) with that of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (method II). Life cycle inventories (LCI) was performed using internal and external databases and the production statistics database of company S. The procedure of life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) was followed in terms of classification, characterization, normalization and weighting to identify the key issues. The impact categories of method I were divided into 8 categories with consideration of : abiotic resources depletion, global warming, ozone depletion, photochemical oxidant creation, acidification and eutrophication. The impact categories of method II were divided into 10 categories with consideration of: abiotic resources depletion, global warming, ozone depletion, photochemical oxidant creation, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1269-1275
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• 2014

Ecotoxicity assessments with the physiochemical water quality items and the bioassay test using Daphnia magna were conducted for 18 selected effluents of 6 industrial types (metal processing, petroleum refining, synthetic textile manufacturing, plating, alcohol beverage manufacturing, inorganic compound manufacturing) being detected toxicity from industrial effluent in Ulsan city, and the interrelationship between total toxic unit (${\Sigma}TU$) and concentrations of Water Quality Conservation Act in Korea were investigated. The average toxic unit(TU) of effluents for 6 industrial types displayed the following ascending order: petroleum refining (0.2) < synthetic textile manufacturing (0.6) < alcohol beverage manufacturing (0.9) < metal processing (1.3) ${\leq}$ inorganic compound manufacturing (1.3) < plating (3.0). These values were less than effluent permission standard. Based on the result of substances causing ecotoxicity, the correlation analysis was not easy because most of heavy metals were not detected or were less than effluent permission standard. Toxicological assessment of industrial effluent was suitable for the evaluation of the mixture toxicity for pollutant. The whole effluent toxicity test using a variety of species was needed for the evaluation of industrial wastewater.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2010

We are consistently being exposed to nanomaterials in direct and/or indirect route as they are used in almost all the sectors in our life. Nations across the worlds are now trying to put global regulation policy on nanomaterials. Sometimes, they are reported to be more toxic than the corresponding ion and micromaterials. Therefore, safety research of nanoparticles has huge implications on a national economics. In this study, we evaluated and analyzed the research trend of ecotoxicity of nanoparticles in soil environment. Test species include terrestrial plants, earthworms, and soil nematode. Soil enzyme activities were also discussed. We found that the results of nanotoxicity studies were affected by many factors such as physicochemical properties, size, dispersion method and test medium of nanoparticle, which should be considered when conducting toxicity researches. In particular, more researches on the effect of physicochemical properties and fate of nanoparticles on toxicity effect should be conducted consistently.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.603-610
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• 2013

According to industrialization, increased toxic chemicals discharge has been causing water pollution. Especially domestic sewage is a major source of water pollution. Sixty percent of the total wastewater discharged is domestic sewage. Self-purification capacity of rivers and streams is drastically reduced by the emission of domestic sewage, industrial wastewater and livestock wastewater. Although domestic sewage is managed by implementing standards and regulations, toxicity effect of domestic sewage to humans and the environment is not yet clearly understood. In this study, by using daphnia magna, the ecotoxicity of domestic swage was assessed. Cl, Cu, Pb, COD, T-N, DO, pH and residual chlorine were investigated as background concentrations. The experiments were conducted with water samples obtained from three local sewage treatment plants. The experiment results indicated that higher level of toxicity corresponds to the higher pollution concentrations. The higher level of combinations of background concentrations such as heavy metals leads to the worse ecotoxicity. Especially, the Cu concentration affects the TU value.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2023

Phthalates are animal carcinogens. Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), which has the least complicated structure among phthalates, is used for the analysis of total organic carbon and formaldehyde. However, its toxicity has not been confirmed. A 24-hour acute toxicity test was performed using Daphnia magna, a water flea used to evaluate aquatic toxicity owing to its high sensitivity. The lowest observed effect concentration of KHP was found to be 240 mg/L. The effects of phosphorus, nitrogen, and Cr(6+), which are able to be discharged along with KHP, were also confirmed using tests. At 240 mg/L KHP, toxicity increased as phosphorus, nitrogen, and Cr(6+) increased. In addition, tests were performed to confirm the half maximal effective concentration of KHP. Through 10 test repetitions, the average ecotoxicity value was found to be 0.3, the average half maximal effective concentration was 327.75 mg/L, and the coefficient of variation (%) was 3.16%; because the latter value is lower than 25%, which is what is generally suggested for the water pollution standard method, the reproducibility of the tests is sufficient to replace the existing standard reference toxicity test that uses potassium dichromate. In addition, the half maximum effective concentration of potassium hydrogen phthalate is approximately 218 times more than that of potassium dichromate; therefore, toxicity is relatively low. In conclusion, KHP is a feasible alternative to the highly toxic potassium dichromate for performing the standard reference toxicity test.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 국내외 독성시험법 중에서 시험종이 국내에 서식하는 경우를 대상으로 사용된 노출 기간, 종말점 등 시험 세부 조건을 집약하여, 향후 생태독성 시험법개발 연구를 위한 각각의 생물종별 생태독성 시험법의 적용 가능한 시험 세부 조건별 범위와 생태독성평가기법 구축을 위한 방향을 제시하였다. 기존에 국내 생물종을 대상으로 국내외에서 수행된 바 있는 독성 시험법에 대한 연구 사례를 검토한 결과, OECD등의 표준시험법에서 추천한 시험종을 대상으로 한 독성자료가 상당 부분을 차지하였다. 또한 표준시험법의 공시어종 이외에도 국내 생물종에 대한 소량의 연구 자료가 있었으나, 대체로 표준시험법을 개별 상황에 맞게 수정하여 적용한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 온도는 Carassius auratus < Gasterosteus aculeatus < Oryzias latipes < Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 순으로 낮아지는 것으로 보아, 어류독성시험에 있어서 가장 유의해야 할 조건인 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 국내 생물종을 이용한 생태독성평가 기반이 미약한 현시점에서 보다 체계적인 독성시험법을 개발하기 위해서는 향후 실험 조건과 동일한 시스템 하에서의 생활사 측정 및 그에 따른 노출기간 설정, 본 연구에서 선정한 어류 5종을 대상으로 도출한 생태독성시험기법에 대한 실험 연구를 통한 검증 그리고 기존 연구에서 다루지 않았던 많은 국내 시험종 개발 및 그에 따른 실험 조건 규명이 선행되어야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 생물종을 대상으로 한 독성시험기법 및 방향을 제시함으로써 국내 수계의 실정, 먹이 연쇄를 통한 생물종간의 상호 관련성 등을 고려할 수 있는 국내 시험종 및 그에 따른 시험법 개발을 위한 중요한 토대가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2012

현대산업에서 나노기술의 이용성이 증가되면서 나노물질이 가질 수 있는 잠재적인 위해성에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있는 추세이다. 나노물질은 다양한 경로를 통해 환경으로 유출되고 있으며, 수생태계로 유출된 나노물질은 태양광에 포함된 자외선에 노출될 개연성이 높다. 광반응성 나노물질은 광활성 조건에서 생태독성이 변화할 가능성이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 광반응성 나노물질이 생태계에서 자외선에 노출되었을 때 유발될 수 있는 생태독성 변화에 대한 연구동향을 파악하고자, 수서 및 토양생물을 대상으로 가용한 모든 자료를 조사하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 조사된 광반응성 나노물질은 zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, 그리고 fullerene이었으며, 미생물, 지렁이, 토양선충, 조류, 그리고 어류 등을 대상으로 한 나노물질 생태독성연구를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 자외선에 노출된 나노물질의 광독성영향에 대한 연구는 현재까지 매우 부족한 상태로, 현재까지 발표된 나노물질에 대한 광독성 연구는 8개였고, 일부 연구에서는 광반응성 나노물질의 광이온화와 나노물질로부터 용출된 이온독성을 함께 제시하였다. 광반응성 나노물질은 생체 내에서 산소활성종 생성을 유발하고 산화스트레스를 증가시키는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 1998년도 추계 학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.75-75
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• 1998

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.29-47
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• 2006

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 1993년도 제12회 총회 및 학술 발표회 특별강연요지집
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• pp.6-8
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• 1993