• Title/Summary/Keyword: ecotoxicity

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Genotoxicity of $CeO_2$, $SiO_2$ and $TiO_2$ Nanoparticles in the Freshwater Crustacean Daphnia magna (Daphnia magna를 이용한 세리아, 실리카, 티타늄 나노물질의 유전독성 평가)

  • Kim, Sung-Man;Choi, Jin-Hee
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.79-85
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구에서는, 세리아($CeO_2$), 실리카($SiO_2$) 및 티타늄($TiO_2$) 나노입자의 유전독성과 생태독성 평가를 위하여 바이오 모니터링에 널리 이용되는 수생생태 감시종인 Daphnia magna를 사용하였다. 합성한 나노입자 세리아와 공업적으로 상용되는 실리카 및 티타늄을 유전독성 및 생태독성평가에 이용하였다. 세리아의 경우, D. magna의 DNA의 파괴가 증가함을 통해 세리아의 유전독성 가능성을 확인할 수 있었으나, 실리카 및 티타늄의 경우에는 두 물질 모두 유전독성 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 실리카는 DNA에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 보이나, 실리카에 노출된 D. magna의 사멸은 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 그러나, 티타늄에 노출된 D. magna에서는 유전독성 및 생태독성 인자의 유의적인 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. 이상의 전체 결과를 통하여 예상할 수 있는 것은 세리아 나노입자가 D. magna에 유전독성을 일으킬 수 있다는 점이다. 이 결과는 나노입자가 광범위하게 이용되고 있으나 독성 관련 자료가 미약한 현재에 수생태 관련 독성 연구 결과로서 이바지 할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

Proposed Approach of Korean Ecological Risk Assessment for the Derivation of Soil Quality Criteria (토양준거치 도출을 위한 국내형 생태위해성평가기법 제안)

  • An, Youn-Joo;Lee, Woo-Mi;Nam, Sun-Hwa;Jeong, Seung-Woo
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 2010
  • Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) supports a decision-making process such as establishment of environmental quality criteria. Soil quality criteria (SQC) are essential to protect soil organisms from the exposure to various soil contaminants. In this study, ERA methodologies of advanced countries for soil pollution were extensively compared to propose the ERA approach suitable for soil ecosystem in Korea. The soil ERAs in European Chemical Bureau(ECB), The Netherlands, and Canada can be classified as deterministic ecological risk assessment (DERA), and probabilistic ecological risk assessment (PERA) based on species sensitivity distribution (SSD). We propose three ERA methods according to abundance and reliability of soil ecotoxicity data. The method considered land use such as residential/agricultural, and industrial/commercial uses. The taxonomic groups of soil organism were classified as 'Class' level including different trophic levels (Magnoliopsida or Liliopsida, Clitellata, and Insecta or Secernentea). This study can be used to estimate the soil quality criteria to protect soil biota.

Quantification of the Sub-lethal Toxicity of Metals and Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals to the Marine Green Microalga Tetraselmis suecica

  • Ebenezer, Vinitha;Ki, Jang-Seu
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.187-194
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    • 2013
  • Microalgae are sensitive indicators of environmental changes, and hence they are widely used in environmental risk assessments and for the development of discharge guidelines. Here we evaluated the toxicity of metals and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to the marine green microalga, Tetraselmis suecica. The toxicants investigated included the metals, Cu, Ni, and Pb; and the EDCs, bisphenol A (BPA), endosulfan (ES), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). The endpoints were variations in cell counts and chlorophyll a levels. T. suecica displayed a varied pattern of sensitivity to the toxicants. Based on the 72-h median effective concentration ($EC_{50}$), ES (0.045 mg/L) was most toxic to T. suecica, followed by PCB (3.96 mg/L) and Pb (9.62 mg/L). Interestingly, T. suecica was relatively tolerant to Cu (43.03 mg/L). The 72-h $EC_{50}$ values of Ni and BPA were approximately 16 mg/L. Our data suggest that this species may be relatively tolerant to most of the chemicals within their permissible limits in the environment.

Toxicity evaluation based on particle size, contact angle and zeta potential of SiO2 and Al2O3 on the growth of green algae

  • Karunakaran, Gopalu;Suriyaprabha, Rangaraj;Rajendran, Venkatachalam;Kannan, Narayanasamy
    • Advances in nano research
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.243-255
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    • 2015
  • In this investigation, ecotoxicity of nano and micro metal oxides, namely silica ($SiO_2$) and alumina ($Al_2O_3$), on the growth of green algae (Porphyridium aerugineum Geitler) is discussed. Effects of nano and micro particles on the growth, chlorophyll content and protein content of algae are analysed using standard protocols. Results indicate that $SiO_2$ nano and micro $SiO_2$ particles are non-toxic to P. aerugineum Geitler up to a concentration of 1000 mg/L. In addition, $Al_2O_3$ microparticles are less toxic to P. aerugineum Geitler, whereas $Al_2O_3$ nanoparticles are found to be highly toxic at 1000 mg/L. Moreover, $Al_2O_3$ nanoparticles decrease the growth, chlorophyll content, and protein content of tested algae. In addition, zeta potential and contact angle are also important in enhancing the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles in aquatic environment. This study highlights a new insight into toxicity evaluation of nanoparticles on beneficial aquatic organisms such as algae.

Anti-ecotoxicological Glycoprotein Isolated from Ulmus davidiana Nakai Inhibits Fecal Malodor and Promotes Feed Efficiency in Mice (환경 독성을 억제하는 느릅 당단백질이 마우스의 분뇨 악취저감 및 사료 효율에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Do-Wan;Park, Moon-Ki;Lee, Sei-Jung
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.241-247
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    • 2020
  • Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN) has been traditionally used as a herbal medicine in Korea. In the present study, we investigated the anti-ecotoxic potential of a 116 kDa glycoprotein isolated from UDN (UDN glycoprot ein) in regulating fecal malodor and feed efficiency in mice. We found that UDN glycoprotein (200 μg/ml) has an inhibitory effect on the cell death induced by an ecotoxicological endocrine disrupting chemical, bisphenol A, in colon epithelial HT-29 cells. UDN glycoprotein did not show significant differences regarding the weight of ecotoxicity-related organs (liver, heart, kidneys, and spleen) and the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase in mice for 2 weeks, compared to the control. Additionally, UDN glycoprotein reduced the levels of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia as markers of fecal malodor in mice. Interestingly, UDN glycoprotein can improve the mouse feed efficiency. In conclusion, our data indicate that anti-ecotoxicological UDN glycoprotein has the ability to increase the feed efficiency and reduce the fecal malodor by maintaining the viability of colonic epithelial cells in mice.

Ecotoxicological effects of synthetic detergents on the population of Eisenia fetida (합성세제가 줄지렁이(Eisenia fetida) 개체군에 미치는 생태독성학적 영향)

  • Park, K.l.;Bae, Y.H.
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2011
  • Ecotoxicological effects of synthetic detergents such as laundry detergent and $Shampoo^{(R)}$ on cocoon productivity, hatchability, number of hatched individuals per cocoon and growth of next generation of Eisenia fetida population were evaluated. Synthetic detergents mixed with earthworm feed increased the cocoon productivity, number of hatched individuals per cocoon and growth of next generation of Eisenia fetida population, but there was no effect on hatchability. From those results, it could be concluded that synthetic detergents that might be present in the sewage sludge would not cause ecotoxicological effect on Eisenia fetida population.

Effect of Wastewater from the in-water Cleaning Process of Ship Hull on Marine Organisms - A Review

  • Jae-Sung Rhee;Seong Hee Mun;Jee-Hyun Jung
    • Journal of Marine Life Science
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2024
  • Over the past decade, there has been global expansion in the advancement of underwater cleaning technology for ship hulls. This methodology ensures both diver safety and operational efficiency. However, recent attention has been drawn to the harmful effects of ship hull-cleaning wastewater on marine animals. It is anticipated that this wastewater may have various impacts on a wide range of organisms, potentially leading to populationand ecosystem-relevant alterations. This concern is especially significant when the wastewater affects functionally important species, such as aquaculture animals and habitat-forming species living in coastal regions, where underwater cleaning platforms are commonly established. Despite this, information on the ecotoxicological effects of this wastewater remains limited. In this mini review, we discuss the adverse effects of wastewater from in-water cleaning processes, as well as the current challenges and limitations in regulating and mitigating its potential toxicity. Overall, recent findings underscore the detrimental effects posed by sublethal levels of wastewater to the health status of aquatic animals under both acute and chronic exposure.

Chemical Ranking and Scoring Methodology for the Drinking and non-drinking Groundwater pollutants: CROWN (Chemical Ranking of Groundwater PollutaNts) (음용 및 비음용 지하수 우선관리대상 항목 선정기법: CROWN (Chemical Ranking of Groundwater PollutaNts))

  • An, Youn-Joo;Lee, Woo-Mi;Jeong, Seung-Woo
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.16-25
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    • 2013
  • The Korean groundwater law regulates 20 groundwater contamination parameters, including 14 specific harmful substances. Expanding the number of groundwater quality standards are needed to cope with recent groundwater quality deterioration due to the use of various chemicals. Chemical ranking and scoring system (CRS) is a scientific tool to sort priority chemicals by considering exposure and toxicity potentials. In this study, we developed a CRS for scoring and ranking of possible groundwater pollutants and screened priority substances to be later considered in the Korean standard expansion. Chemical Ranking Of groundWater pollutaNts (CROWN) incorporates important parameters consisting of exposure potential, human and water ecotoxicity, interests, and certainty. Furthermore, CROWN additionally evaluated existence of other media standards to consider impacts by contamination of other media. The 197 substances that were common to 9 countries were selected first. CROWN evaluated and ranked each chemical, and finally suggested priority substances. Suggested priority substances were classified into two groups according to the groundwater use purposes: drinking and non-drinking. The priority substances were further classified into $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ group priorities. The $1^{st}$ group consists of 75 substances, including the all the Korean groundwater standard parameters. CROWN will be used in selecting groundwater pollutants for possible inclusion in the Korean standard expansion.

Degradation and Ecotoxicity Reduction of Reactive Dye by Using Advanced Oxidation Process (고도산화공정을 이용한 반응성 염료의 제거 및 생태독성 저감)

  • Seo, Kyung Ae;Park, Jae Hong;Jung, Soo Jung;Lim, Byung Jin
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.204-211
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    • 2013
  • In this study, the deriving optimum conditions for decolorization of Acid Orange II solution was carried using $TiO_2$ advanced oxidation process. After that, on base of the deriving results, the range of dye concentration was estimated. In addition, acute toxicity test was also carried to assess toxicity unit according to decolorization and TOC removal. In case of the blockage of light, 20 mg/L of dye solution, and 0.5 g $TiO_2$, the effect of decolorization at pH 3 was larger than at pH 6 and 10, so it was shown that decolorization is dependent on pH. The use of 5 g $TiO_2$ showed best performance of decolorization, but that of 3 g $TiO_2$ was chosen to optimum condition in considering of economical aspects. Four light sources, sun, fluorescent lamp, BLB lamp, and UV-B lamp, were used and decolorization was 99.4% and 100% at 50 mg/L, 98.6% and 99.7% at 100 mg/L for sun and UV-B lamp, respectively. In spite of the optimum condition of decolorization at pH 3, the evaluation of acute toxicity test showed highly toxic. In conclusion, although the optimum treatment of dye solution is performed, water ecology can be polluted in discharging it into water system. Therefore, it is needed to study of water ecological system with dye water treatment, and it takes all the circumstances into consideration.

Contamination Levels of Pharmaceuticals and Pesticides in the Gotjawal Regions of Jeju Island and Associated Ecotoxicities (곶자왈 지역의 의약물질과 농약의 오염수준과 생태독성영향)

  • Kang, Ha Byeong;Koh, Su Rim;Choi, Yoonsong;Lee, Sangwoo;Kho, YoungLim;Oh, Dalyoung;Choi, Kyungho
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.426-437
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    • 2013
  • Objective: Gotjawal refers to a special geographical designation found in Jeju Province, Korea, where vegetation forms over a rocky area. Due to the important ecological value of Gotjawal, international concern about such areas is growing. However, only limited information is available regarding environmental contamination of Gotjawal. This study was conducted in order to investigate the levels of contamination and associated ecotoxicological effects of surface water bodies in Gotjawal. Methods: Surface water samples were collected at three sampling sites in two Gotjawal areas and were analyzed for several pharmaceuticals and pesticides in consideration of the potential sources of contamination. The ecotoxicity of the samples was measured using water fleas (Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). In addition, effects on the gene transcription of zebrafish were investigated following exposure to the samples. Results: Nine pharmaceuticals were detected in the samples, but none of the target pesticides were detected. Following acute exposure to two surface water samples, the survival of waterfleas was significantly reduced, but reproduction was not affected. In zebrafish, time-to-hatch was delayed and fry survival was decreased in some samples. On the other hand, at the transcriptional level, there were no genes significantly influenced by exposure to the samples. Conclusion: This is the first study investigating environmental contamination in Gotjawal areas and associated ecotoxicities. Further studies are warranted to identify the cause of acute Daphnia toxicity and to determine potential consequences of longer-term exposure in Gotjawal areas.