• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2010

These days our coasts have been damaged by the polluted water resulting from the construction of industry on the shore, increasing population and urbanization. The destruction of ecosystem has induced many problems to aquaculture such that it raises the production cost of aquatic products for eating. For solving these problems aquafarm has been moving to the land. This paper intends to describe the automatic feeding system for the inland fish farm. An existent automatic feeding system has problems such that feed quantity is not accurate and feed itself is broken by feed motor. But a proposed system in this paper is more accurate than the existent system in view of feed quantity by using the combination of valve and load-sell. Resultantly, the system can safely transfer feed to inland nursery tank. Through several experiments using a real system, the effectiveness of the proposed system is verified under all conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.96-103
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• 2012

In this study, we used HARVEST, a timber management strategy assessment tool, to evaluate alternative forest planning strategies on spatial pattern of cutting blocks. We applied the tool to the Gwangreung Experimental Forest (GEF) as a case study. The harvest schedules developed for GEF using a linear programming model was used to assess spatial patterns of cutting blocks under different management constraints. The results show that the allowable maximum harvest size largely affects the number, size, and distribution of cutting blocks. We also found that spatial dispersion methods and adjacency constraints could be used as an effective means to control spatial allocation of cutting blocks in order to meet certain forest ecosystem management goals.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

Throughout much of the world, many ecological problems have arisen in watersheds where a significant portion of stream flows are diverted to support agriculture production. Within endorheic watersheds (watersheds whose terminus is a terminal lake) these problems are magnified due to the cumulative effect that reduced stream flows have on the condition of the lake at the stream's terminus. Within an endorheic watershed, any diversion of stream flows will cause an imbalance in the terminal lake's water balance, causing the lake to transition to a new equilibrium level that has a smaller volume and surface area. However, the total mass of Total Dissolved Solids within the lake will continue to grow; resulting in a significant increase in the lake's TDS concentration over time. The ecological consequences of increased TDS concentrations can be as limited as the intermittent disruption of productive fisheries, or as drastic as a complete collapse of a lake's ecosystem. A watershed where increasing TDS concentrations have reached critical levels is the Walker Lake watershed, located on the eastern slope of the central Sierra Nevada range in Nevada, USA. The watershed has an area of 10,400 sq. km, with average annual headwater flows and stream flow diversions of 376 million $m^3/yr$ and 370 million $m^3/yr$, respectively. These diversions have resulted in the volume of Walker Lake decreasing from 11.1 billion m3 in 1882 to less than 2.0 billion $m^3$ at the present time. The resulting rise in TDS concentration has been from 2,560 mg/l in 1882 to nearly 15,000 mg/l at the current time. Changes in water management practices over the last century, as well as climate change, have contributed to this problem in varying degrees. These changes include the construction of reservoirs in the 1920s, the pumpage of shallow groundwater for irrigation in the 1960s and the implementation of high efficiency agricultural practices in the 1980s. This paper will examine the impacts that each of these actions, along with changes in the region's climate, has had on stream flow in the Walker River, and ultimately the TDS concentration in Walker Lake.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.8-16
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to suggest a development plan for the waterfront in the coastal ocean. The research method is conducted mainly on various materials such as marine design, waterfront, marine industry, harbor waterfront space, marine landscape related reports, papers, and articles. As a result, it was found that it is urgent to move, dismantle, and manage various sculptures or structures that are installed on the shore and cause visual pollution. The location management and maintenance of indiscriminately scattered fishing grounds are urgently needed, secure sufficient green buffer space, develop coastal marine roads across the country, create eco-tourism sites, contribute to regional revitalization and secure the production value of aquatic products by restoring the ecosystem. This study is expected to contribute to suggesting a direction for maintenance by focusing on the main management measures of the waterfront rather than the aspect of reckless development of marine design.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.299-314
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• 2016

The aim of this paper is to review integrated assessment studies conducted to address the impacts of climate change sea-level rise on agricultural sector and to derive suggestions for improving the integrated assessment process to assist decision-makers in establishing climate change adaptation policy. We collect integrated assessment studies which are based on the impact-pathway analysis, compare their step-by-step procedures and identify main factors addressed in each step. The assessment process is typically carried out in the sequence of scenario development, determination of assessment scope, physical impact assessment, economic analysis and synthesis of the outcomes from each step. We identify two types of integrated assessment. The first one examines the impacts of changes in temperature and/or precipitation on the crop-cultivation patterns and/or agricultural productivity and resulting economic effects on agricultural sector. The other investigates the impacts of sea-level rise on land use/coverage and resulting economic damages in terms of land-value loss where the effects on agriculture is treated as one sector among others. To enhance integrated assessment, we suggest that 1) scenarios need to incorporate the effects of climate change and sea-level rise simultaneously, 2) scope of the assessment needs to be extended to include ecosystem services as well as crop production, 3) social and cultural aspects need to be considered in addition to economic analysis, and 4) synthesis of the outcomes from each step should be able to combine quantitative as well as qualitative information.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2019

This study discusses the core contents and implications of the design support policy of government in the creation of the designer-makers' business ecosystem through the analysis of 'Young man's Creative Work & Startup Support Project'. This case, which aims to cultivate a design brand based on maker technology and to create jobs for young people, suggests the role of government as a creative culture creator so that designer-makers are able to create creative activities in a more free and creative atmosphere. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of efficient integration and reorganization of similar maker support policies implemented by each government department, the necessity of a roadmap for realizing this, and the support for quality improvement. As a result, the design support policy of government for the designer-makers' business activation should evolve into the qualitative development of intellectual property based on a mature shared culture and the discovery of a new production paradigm model of the manufacturing industry based on the open manufacturers beyond the economic and numerical goals of creating new jobs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1776-1783
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• 2021

Objective: This project aimed to evaluate the effects of both different additives and filling methods on nutritive quality, fermentation profile, and in situ digestibility of whole plant corn silage. Methods: Whole plant corn forage harvested at 26.72% dry matter (DM) was chopped and treated with two filling methods, i) fill silos at one time (F1), ii) fill silos at three times (F3), packing samples into one/three silo capacity at the first day, another one/three capacity at the second day, then one/three at the third day, three replicates. For each replicate, samples were treated with three additives, i) control (CTRL, no additive), ii) Sila-Max (MAX, Ralco Nutrition Inc., Marshall, MN, USA), and iii) Sila-Mix (MIX, Ralco Nutrition Inc., USA). With three replicates of each secondary treatment, there were nine silos, 54 silos in total. Each silo had a packing density of 137.61 kg of DM/m3. All silos were weighed and stored in lab at ambient temperature. Results: After 60 d of ensiling, all items showed good silage fermentation under MAX filled one time or three times (p<0.01). Higher silage quality for all additives was obtained at filling one time than that filled three times (p<0.01). The highest DM and lowest DM loss rate (DMLR) occurred to MAX treatment at two filling methods (p<0.01); Digestibility of acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and curde protein had the same results as silage quality (p<0.01). Yield of digestible DM and digestible NDF also showed higher value under MAX especially for filling one time (p<0.05). Conclusion: All corn silages showed good fermentation attributes (pH<4.0). The forage filled one time had higher silage quality than that filled three times (p<0.01). MAX with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria enhanced the lactic acid fermentation, silage quality and nutrient digestibility, and so improved the digestible nutrient yield.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2021

Microalgae are primary producers of aquatic ecosystems, securing biodiversity and health of the ecosystem and contributing to reducing the impact of climate change through carbon dioxide fixation. Also, they are useful biomass that can be used as biological resources for producing valuable industrial products. However, harvesting process, which is the separation of microalgal biomass from mixed liquor, is an important bottleneck in use of valorization of microalgae as a bioresource accounting for 20 to 30% of the total production cost. This study investigates the applicability of sewage sludge-derived extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) as bioflucculant for harvesting microalgae. We compared the flocculation characteristics of microalgae using EPSs extracted from sewage sludge by three methods. The flocculation efficiency of microalgae is closely related to the carbohydrate and protein concentrations of EPS. Heat-extracted EPS contains the highest carbohydrate and protein concentrations and can be a best-suited bioflocculant for microalgae recovery with 87.2% flocculation efficiency. Injection of bioflocculant improved the flocculation efficiency of all three different algal strains, Chlorella Vulgaris, Chlamydomonas Asymmetrica, Scenedesmus sp., however the improvement was more significant when it was used for flocculation of Chlamydomonas Asymmetrica with flagella.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.11-21
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze how the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the reporting practices and news production of the reporters working with Korean media over the past one year. To this end, this study has conducted in-depth interviews with reporters working with daily newspapers, news agencies, and broadcasting companies. The analysis of the interviews resulted in the following generalizations. The reporters are working at home, which was never experienced before the Covid-19 pandemic, and they have difficulties in covering their reporting beats because they have little or no access to contact points. The reporters rely heavily on indirect coverage and online briefings via phones or SNS because they have difficulties in meeting news sources in person. As a result, the diversity of news contents and the media's on-site monitoring functions has been severely weakened. In addition, the reporters have no chances to both exchange ideas with fellow reporters and to transfer the know-how of collecting news items to their juniors. This paper has also discussed the disruption of practices that the ongoing Covid-19 has brought to the media ecosystem from a variety of perspectives.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.75-89
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• 2022

The negative impact of monoculture rubber plantations on biodiversity and associated ecological processes/ecosystem services has led to suggestions on the use of integrated land use systems for rubber cultivation and production in order to ensure environmental sustainability. However, there is paucity of information on the effect of such integrated land use systems on the diversity and abundance of the rubber plantation undergrowth. We evaluated and compared undergrowth plant species composition, richness, abundance, diversity and interaction, in three integrated systems (Rubber-Strelitzia reginae Integrated System - RSrIS, Rubber-Podocarpus nagi Integrated System - RPnIS & Naturally Managed Rubber Plantation - NMRP) with three Rubber Monoculture Plantations (RMP₁, RMP₂ & RMP₃) adjacent to the integrated systems, respectively, at the Investigation and Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Danzhou, Hainan, China. Undergrowth species density was higher in the rubber monocultures than in the integrated systems except in RSrIS. Species richness and diversity were also higher in the monocultures except in NMRP. Species similarity/interaction between the monocultures and the integrated systems was highest between RMP₃ and NMRP. The NRMP proved to be the best model of natural rubber integrated system for the conservation of undergrowth species richness, diversity and interspecific interaction. However, the conservation of undergrowth species in other forms of integrated natural systems can be enhanced by considering the ecology of species to be integrated in terms of their growth characteristics, competitive nature, and ability to grow in association with other species.