• International Journal of Contents
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2011

To protect water pollution and scarcity in lake and river, water quality monitoring applications have become important tools to understand the change of aquatic ecosystem. KLEON (Korean Lake Ecological Observatory Network) is designed to manage and share the ecological observations. The various kinds of water quality and phytoplankton observations are collected from the selected observatories such as seven lakes/rivers/wetlands. To deeply understand the collected observations with weather, KLEON also manages the observatory information such as lake, dam, floodgate, and weather. The accumulated observation and analyzed results are used to improve the water quality index of the observatories and encourage the ecologists' cooperation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2023

Environmental crises caused by climate change and human-induced disturbances have become urgent challenges to the sustainability of human beings. These issues can be addressed based on a data-driven understanding and forecasting of ecosystem responses to environmental changes. In this study, we introduce a long-term ecological monitoring system in Korean Long-Term Ecological Research (KLTER), and a plan for the Korean Ecological Observatory Network (KEON). KLTER has been conducted since 2004 and has yielded valuable scientific results. However, the KLTER approach has limitations in data integration and coordinated observations. To overcome these limitations, we developed a KEON plan focused on multidisciplinary monitoring of the physiochemical, meteorological, and biological components of ecosystems to deepen process-based understanding of ecosystem functions and detect changes. KEON aims to answer nationwide and long-term ecological questions by using a standardized monitoring approach. We are preparing three types of observatories: two supersites depending on the climate-vegetation zones, three local sites depending on the ecosystem types, and two mobile deployment platforms to act on urgent ecological issues. The main observation topics were species diversity, population dynamics, biogeochemistry (carbon, methane, and water cycles), phenology, and remote sensing. We believe that KEON can address environmental challenges and play an important role in ecological observations through partnerships with international observatories.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.250-262
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• 2015

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of the vegetation structure in the sectin stretching between the Jilmoi wetlands and the Donghae Observatory and to set the criteria for the basic data for a management plan including restoration afterwards. 12 plots($10m{\times}40m$, $20m{\times}20m$) were set up to analyse the vegetation structure. The analysis of the classification by TWINSPAN and ordination by DCA, importance percentage and property, distribution of diameter of breast height, growth increments of major woody species, species diversity and the physicochemical properties of soil were all analyzed. Vegetation classes were divided into 3 communities, which are community I (Pinus densiflora community), community II (Quercus mongolica community) and community III (Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis community). The P. densiflora community declined when competing with Q. mongolica and Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Q. mongolica competed with T. amurensis on an understory layer in Q. mongolica community. Q. mongolica competed with T. amurensis on both canopy and understory layers in Q. mongolica-T. amurensis community. P. densiflora declined and it was assumed to succeed to F. rhynchophylla or T. amurensis through Q. mongolica based on the importance percentage and distribution of the diameter of the breast height of small and middle sized trees. The age of P. densiflora was between 47 to 51 years old and Q. mongolica was 61years old. T. amurensis was 61 years old and the growth of Q. mongolica slowed a little. As the result of Shannon's index of species diversity, community I ranged from 0.9578 to 1.1862, community II ranged from 0.7904 to 1.2286 and community III ranged from 0.8701 to 1.0323. The contents of organic matter and cation were low compared to uncultivated mountain soil and it were analysed to be inappropriate for tree growth.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2023

Ecosystem observatories are burgeoning globally in an endeavour to detect national and global scale trends in the state of biodiversity and ecosystems in an era of rapid environmental change. In this paper we highlight the additional importance of regional scale outcomes of such infrastructure, through an introduction to the Great Western Woodlands TERN (Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network) SuperSite, and key findings from three gradient plot networks that are part of this infrastructure. The SuperSite was established in 2012 in the 160,000 km² Great Western Woodlands region, in a collaboration involving 12 organisations. This region is globally significant for its largely intact, diverse landscapes, including the world's largest Mediterranean-climate woodlands and highly diverse sandplain shrublands. The dominant woodland eucalypts are fire-sensitive, requiring hundreds of years to regrow after fire. Old-growth woodlands are highly valued by Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities, and managing impacts of climate change and the increasing extent of intense fires are key regional management challenges. Like other TERN SuperSites, the Great Western Woodlands TERN SuperSite includes a core eddy-covariance flux tower measuring exchanges of carbon, water and energy between the vegetation and atmosphere, along with additional environmental and biodiversity monitoring around the tower. The broader SuperSite incorporates three gradient plot networks. Two of these represent aridity gradients, in sandplains and woodlands, informing regional climate adaptation and biodiversity management by characterising biodiversity turnover along spatial climate gradients and acting as sentinels for ecosystem change over time. For example, the sandplains transect has demonstrated extremely high spatial turnover rates in plant species, that challenge traditional approaches to biodiversity conservation. The third gradient plot network represents a 400-year fire-age gradient in Eucalyptus salubris woodlands. It has enabled characterisation of post-fire recovery of vegetation, birds and invertebrates over multi-century timeframes, and provided tools that are directly informing management to reduce stand-replacing fires in eucalypt woodlands. By building regional partnerships and applying globally or nationally consistent methodologies to regional scale questions, ecological observatories have the power not only to detect national and global scale trends in biodiversity and ecosystems, but to directly inform environmental decisions that are critical at regional scales.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2021

이 연구는 현재까지 국내 야생에서 확인되지 않았던 외래종 견목거북과(Podocnemididae) 아마존노란점거북(Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle, Podocnemis unifilis)을 처음으로 관찰한 사실을 학술적으로 보고하고자 한다. 2020년 7월 24일 제주특별자치도 제주시 조천읍 와흘리 33°30'20.08"N 126°38'0.23"E 지점에서 아마존노란점거북 2개체가 바위에서 일광욕하고 있는 것이 관찰되었다. 1개체는 머리에 노란색 반점이 있었고, 다른 1개체는 흑화되어 검은색을 띠었다. 관찰된 장소는 도로와 인접해 있고, 사람들의 출입이 잦은 곳으로, 애완용으로 사육되던 개체가 연못으로 방사된 것으로 추측된다. 최근 호수, 저수지 등 국내 야생에서 확인되는 외래거북이 증가하고 있으며, 외래거북 유입으로 인한 수생태계의 피해가 예상되는 만큼, 외래생물에 대한 시민과학 프로젝트와 환경교육을 통한 대중들의 인식 개선이 필요하다. 향후 발견된 개체에 대하여 지속적인 모니터링을 통한 야생 적응 여부, 번식과 관련된 추가 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2011

The transfer of microorganisms is important process for ecosystems. Microorganisms in dryland can transport itself to wetland through atmospheric diffusion, but only few papers reported about the atmospheric bioaerosol present over dryland. We carried out the direct sampling using a tethered balloon over Dunhuang City, China's northwestern dryland. Bioaerosols were collected using a tethered balloon with a bioaerosol collector at 820 m above the ground (1,960 m above the sea level) around noon on August 17, 2007. The bioaerosols were cultured after the collection at Dunhuang Meteorological observatory. Two strains of molds were isolated using the Nutrient agar medium. About 400-bp 18S rRNA partial sequences were amplified by PCR and determined afterwards. The results of a homology search by 18S rRNA sequences of isolates in DNA databases (GenBank, DDBJ, and EMBL) and an observation of the form revealed that two bioaerosols in the convective mixed layer over Dunhuang City were Cladosporium sp. and Aspergillus sp.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.754-762
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• 2012

Colbricon Superiore and Inferiore are two small adjacent high-mountain lakes located in the Paneveggio Natural Park (Italy) that offer the rare opportunity to study two iso-ecologic water environments differing only by area and volume in a ratio of 2:1 and 3:1, respectively. We took advantage of this setting to investigate phytoplankton dynamics, compare variability and productivity differences between the two basins, and assess size-dependent issues. The phytoplankton group of the Dinophyceae was chosen as the indicator organisms of ecological perturbation owing to their high sensitivity to environmental variations, as well as their acknowledged nature of versatile proxy to report global climatic changes. The study was conducted for over 10 years with fortnightly samplings. Results indicated that (a) the Dinophyceae communities in the smaller lake were significantly more resistant to changes exerted by the fluctuation of lakewater transparency and pH; and (b) the smaller lake sustained a consistently higher production with an average Dinophyceae density 1.73 fold higher than that of the larger lake. The coefficients of variation show that the chemical parameters in the smaller lake display higher time-related fluctuation while being spatially homogeneous and that such conditions correlate with a higher stability of the Dinophyceae assemblage. The use of this setting is also proposed as a model to test relationships between ecosystem production and physical stability.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.815-824
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• 2022

It is necessary to understand the amount of snowfall and area of snow cover of Mt. Halla to ensure the safety of mountaineers and to protect the ecosystem of Mt. Halla against climate change. However, there are not enough related studies and observation posts for monitoring snow load. Therefore, to supplement the insufficient data, this study proposes an analysis of snow load and snow cover using normalized-difference snow index. Using the images obtained from the Sentinel2 satellite, the normalized-difference snow index image of Mt. Halla could be acquired. This was examined together with the meteorological data obtained from the existing observatory to analyze the change in snow cover for the years 2020 and 2021. The normalized-difference snow index images showed a smaller snow pixel number in 2021 than that in 2020. This study concluded that 2021 may have been warmer than 2020. In the future, it will be necessary to continuously monitor the amount of snow and the snow-covered area of Mt. Halla using the normalized-difference snow index image analysis method.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2016

본 연구는 민간인출입통제구역 서부전선(파주-연천) 일대의 식물상을 파악하기 위하여 현지조사를 실시하였다. 확증표본을 근거로 한 민통선 이북 서부지역의 관속식물은 109과 330속 501종 8아종 48변종 1품종의 총 558분류군으로 확인되었다. 한반도에 분포하는 식물종은 최근에 유입된 귀화식물을 비롯하여 약 4,880여종의 식물이 보고되었으며 한반도 전체 식물의 약 11% 정도가 민통선 이북 서부지역 일대에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 환경부 지정 멸종위기야생생물은 II급 층층둥굴레 1분류군이 확인되었으며, 태풍전망대에서 임진강에 이르는 군작전로 가장자리에 3개체가 생육하였다. 식물구계학적 특정식물은 V등급 3분류군, IV등급 3분류군, III등급 13분류군, II등급 13분류군, I등급 22분류군으로 구성되었다. 한반도 고유식물은 고려엉겅퀴 등 4분류군으로 나타났으며, 대부분 숲 절개지 또는 숲 가장자리에 분포하였다. 희귀식물은 위기종(EN) 층층둥굴레 1분류군, 취약종(VU) 느리미고사리 등 4분류군, 약관심종(LC) 쥐방울덩굴 등 6분류군으로 총 11분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 총 51분류군으로 귀하율은 9.14%, 도시화지수는 15.89%로 산출되었으며 환경부지정 생태계교란식물은 단풍잎돼지풀 등 4분류군이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 DMZ 생태축의 서부지역 식물상 연구를 수행하고 주요 식물의 분포 양상과 보존대책을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.14-28
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• 2017

억새군락은 생태계 서비스 중 문화서비스 측면에서 하나의 경관자원으로 가을이면 전국적으로 많은 탐방객들이 찾는다. 하지만 참억새군락은 우리나라 산림 천이의 특성상 빠른 쇠퇴가 진행되는 공간이라 경관자원으로 이용하기 위해서는 지속적이며, 인위적 관리가 필요하다. 참억새군락은 척박한 토양에서 일시적으로 나타나는 대표적인 건조지 천이초기식생으로써, 우리나라 산림에서 지속성을 가지는 군락은 아니며, 산림천이과정 중 2차 천이 초기에 발생하는 식물군락으로 기존 산림식생의 훼손이후 일시적으로 발생하는 군락으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 도시 숲의 경관다양성을 위해 대도시의 대규모 참억새군락으로 접근성이 뛰어난 승학산 억새군락의 생육환경 특성을 조사하고, 억새군락의 급격한 쇠퇴 원인을 파악하고자 하였다. 승학산 참억새군락의 토양은 승학산 정상부 일대 참억새군락의 경우, 일부지역을 제외하고 일반적 산림토양의 특성을 가지고 있지만, 전 질소함량과 유기물함량이 상대적으로 높은 토양으로 일반적 산림토양에 비해 비옥한 토양으로 볼 수 있다. 현존식생 현황은 화재 등 교란이후 숲의 천이가 진행되는 과정으로 복잡하고 다양하게 나타나고 있었고, 주요 식물 군락별 면적비율에 있어 리기다소나무가 대부분을 차지하고 있었고, 일부 곰솔군락 및 벚나무군락이 소규모로 분포하고 있었다. 참억새우점군락은 전체면적의 8.7%로 대부분 지역에서 참억새군락의 쇠퇴가 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 특히 칡과 비목나무의 이입으로 인한 참억새군락의 쇠퇴가 눈에 띄게 나타나고 있어, 참억새군락의 쇠퇴는 보다 가속화될 것으로 예상되어졌다. 식물군집구조 현황에서 당분간은 참억새군락으로 유지될 것이나, 목본식물이 이입되는 과정으로 비목나무의 생장에 따라 참억새 생육에 부정적 영향이 작용할 것이고, 억새-계요등군락은 경관개선을 위해 상부에 식재한 왕벚나무군락의 그늘로 참억새군락은 향후 급격히 쇠퇴할 것이다. 참억새-비목나무군락은 비목의 생육에 따라 참억새의 본격적인 쇠퇴가 일어날 가능성이 높고, 칡-참억새 군락은 탐방객에게 부정적 영향이 큰 지역이다. 칡 우점군락들은 참억새의 피도는 낮고, 교목과 관목의 유입은 거의 없으나, 칡이 우점 하는 군락으로 향후 지속적으로 참억새군락은 쇠퇴할 것이다. 경관관리 측면에서 참억새군락을 유지하기 위해서는 비용효율적인 관리를 위해 여러 가지 대안을 모색해야 할 것이다. 승학산 곳곳에 조성된 묘지와 참억새군락 내부 샛길은 억새 생육에 어려움을 주고 있는 반면, 참억새군락의 보호를 위해 조성된 목책 및 로프 울타리는 사람들의 출입을 억제하여 많은 샛길들이 자연스럽게 복원되고 있다. 참억새 경관을 즐기기 위해 상대적으로 관찰이 용이한 지점과 참억새군락을 설정하여 이들 지역을 중점적으로 관리한다면 관리예산을 줄이면서 보다 효과적인 억새군락 관리가 될 것이다.