• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.32-42
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• 2011

In this paper to compare the economical efficiency of light sources for a tunnel lighting, we define a model tunnel and design tunnel lighting. And to examine economical efficiency of various tunnel lightings we compare the lighting expenses of tunnels. The results shows high pressure sodium lamps are more economical than fluorescent lamps.

• 전기의세계
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.72-80
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• 1975

In this paper an application of the Monte Carlo method to optimum circuit design is discussed. T. Tsuda and T. Kiyono's algorithm based on the Monte Carlo method for solving multiple simul-taneous nonlinear equations is generalized to apply it to finding solutions of the constrained nonlinear optimization problem. The generalized algorithm derived here is directly applied to economical circuit design. In the cirsuit design, the object function is a cost function which is related to the cost of each circuit component. The constraint is the variance of the total system expressed by the variances of each circuit component. The design is to be determined so that the circuit has specified drift reliability with minimum cost. A practical example of economical circuit design and a general nonlinear function minimization is presented with food results.

• 전기의세계
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.37-50
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• 1967

The economical design of steel towers fortrausmission line. This study has been made on the design criteria of steel towers for power trasmission line adopted in the United States of America, France, Japan and Korea in order to find out any access to design the economical steel twers in Korea following to our own climate conditions. As the result of this study, involved in this description. Writer belive that the weight of steel towers can be saved by 10% to 20% approximately on the steel towers which will be constructed in the near future in Korea, by the possibility of reducing the design wind pressures on towers and cables in those areas of inland of Korea, the increase of number of standard towers from four types to five, the adoption of comparative narrower base towers than those in past practice and improvement on the assumption of manimum delection angle of suopension type insulator strings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.16-17
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• 2014

The curtain wall construction applied on high-rise building facades in Korea became generalized, but specialty of the CMr(Construction Manager) who needs to perform economical project management with specialty in the curtain wall construction is still lacking. Therefore, this study analyzed the structure design standard of the curtain wall, researched economical design alternatives. Based on the research results, if the ratio of dead load against wind load is less than 0.1256, LRFD will be more economical.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.378-384
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• 1995

This paper descrides on the economical design of apartment house. * The optimal problems are made by considering the objective function which minimize the construction cost of frame. * The object functions are taken as the codfficient equations of the cost function for a unit area. * Constraints are the design limits defined by the ultimate flexural strength, the ultimate shear strength. the minimum thickness, and the ratio of steel in accordance with ACI 318-89 Code. * Optimization is achieved by optimum nonlinear GINO(General interactive Optimizer)program. In design examples, it is compared with the optimum design results of apartment house and underground parking lot for structural systems.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.125-133
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• 1993

Preflex composit girder is intended for a better use on both steel and concrete by introducting prestress into the lower flange concrete with preflection. In Korea, recently preflex bridges are widely used especially for urban construction but the design method depends on the conventional ASD(Allowable Stress Design). This paper suggests an optimization model for the design of preflex composite bridges based on LIFD(Load Resistance Factor Design). The optimization algorithm adopted for the NLP model proposed in the paper is the FTM(Flexible Tolerance Method) which is very efficient for the approximate continuous optimization. For the discrete optimum results, a pesudo discrete optimization is used for the economical round-up to the available dimensions. The economic effectiveness of optimum design based on the LRFD method is investigation by comparing the results with those of the ASD method. Based on applications to the actual design examples, it may be concluded that the optimization model suggested in the paper provides economical but reliable design. And the suggested in the paper provides economical but reliable design. And the computer code for the automatic optimum design of preflex bridges developed in the paper for a CAD system may be successfully used in practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1103-1109
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• 2013

This paper presents an optimal capacity design of a Hybrid generation system based on economical evaluation for various loads. Optimal sizes of a standalone and grid connection wind- PV hybrid systems were designed for normal, residential and industrial loads using HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electronic Renewable). Their economical evaluation were performed and compared with a diesel generation system that covers the same loads. The results showed that the stand alone hybrid generation system can be more economical than a diesel generation system for long term operation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.209-232
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• 2023

A comprehensive study was conducted to design economical foundations for a number of buildings on soft cohesive soil in the southern coastal regions of Iran. Both static and seismic loads were considered in the design process. Cyclic experiments indicated that the cohesive soil of the area has potential for softening. Consequently, the major challenge in the design stages was relatively high dimensions of settlement, under both static and seismic loadings. Routine soil-improvement methods were too costly for the vast area of the project. After detailed numerical modeling of different scenarios, we concluded that, in following a performance-based design approach and applying a special time schedule of construction, most of the settlement would dissipate during the construction of the buildings. Making the foundation as rigid as possible was another way to prevent any probable differential settlement. Stiff subgrade of stone and lime mortar under the grid foundation and a reinforced concrete slab on the foundation were considered as appropriate to this effect. In favor of an economical design, in case the design earthquake strikes the site, the estimations indicate no collapse of the buildings even if considerable uniform settlements may occur. This is a considerable alternative design to costly soil-improvement methods.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2009

PEB system is more economical when compared with structures commonly used Hot rolled and welded light H-beam was introduced in the Standard Livestock Housing. This study suggested more economical technology for structural design by the reduction of live load, relief of deflection limit and reduction of importance factor. And, when applying wind Load as a result of examination with Low Rise Building Systems Manual considering open model, we can know that when the wind load is big, enclosed model is more stable than open model. In short, Suggesting more economical model and providing the method to reduce natural disaster, by the application of PEB system and the development of technology for structural design, are considered to strengthen the competitive power of farmhouse.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.268-273
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• 2004

The visual environment in an educational building, apart from providing the comfortable seeing conditions needed for the performance of a wide variety of work tasks, must also satisfy the psychological and emotional needs of learners. This paper presents study on actual illumination environment of college and comparison of economical efficiency in order to figure out illumination problems. Furthermore, it attempts to suggest an optimum design of lecture room illumination through computer simulation. We try to evaluate economical efficiency of lighting design in lecture room under the illumination plan which is based on illumination maintenance and uniformity ratio that KS. illumination standard sets.