• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

For the office work environmental design, the importance of the design management is increased to improve operation efficiency as well as the aesthetic environmental implementation of the function today. Lighting is a required element ineffective operation environment. It has become more important for the aesthetic, economic, and practical reasons, to consider the luminous environment and the lighting of visual tasks separately. When the brightness is insufficient, productivity deteriorates, and the layout of the lighting located by mistake causes the fatigue of eyes. Productivity rises to office in a large number of studies so as satisfaction is low in general in the dark office, and to be bright. Therefore the purpose of this research is to suggest the right direction of lighting design of office building area. 11newly renovated office buildings are selected for this luminous environment research. We could conclusions as following through this research. First, it was planned brighter than the recommended lighting level in the most space. It shows that the accurate lighting design criteria is needed in order to achieve proper lighting environment. Second, the application of the LED lighting fixtures is continuously increased in the recent office lighting environment. It is explained that it is applied for reasons of the electrical energy reduction and the maintenance efficiency with the long life time. Third, the consideration of the lighting plan for the difference of working types is not enough. with various communication configuration through an independent plan, and the effective lighting plan that appropriateness preparation design and energy saving area vailable must be applied. Fourth, the lighting environment of the lobby needs a specialized lighting plan as are presentative space of the building.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have always mattered in agriculture too. In day-to-day practices of agriculture and allied sectors, the farmers often share their information. Changing weather patterns, soil conditions, pests and diseases always throw challenges to small and marginal farmers. So, the farmer needs up-dated information to cope with and even benefit from these changes. In the developing countries like India, where agriculture still plays a crucial role (over 58% of the rural households depend on agriculture as their livelihood) and the rising population from 1027 million to 1419 million during 2001-16 (a total rise of 38 percent or 1.3 percent per year) pose a lot of pressure on land and other resources to meet the food security needs on one hand and to meet the challenges of globalization on the other. Understanding and addressing these challenges are very crucial, in which ICT can play a major role. With the booming mobile, wireless, and Internet industries, ICT has found a foothold even in poor marginal and smallholder farms and in their activities. The survey conducted among the 120 farmers in Srikakulam district in India revealed that, ICT has revolutionized the agriculture in the modern days. Production and marketing information is accessed by 91% of the sample farmers through mobile in 2015, where it was only 5% in 2005. The extent of use of mobile phones by the farmers varied with the decision to be taken by them like Harvesting, packing, and storing (94%), Selling Decision (91%), Seed purchase (89%), Application of fertilizers and pesticides (88%) and Land preparation and planting (84%), other package of practices (77%). The farmers further opined that, 'Voice' was the dominating source of communication (96%) compared to Short Message Service (SMS) (only 27%) and Internet access (10%), as majority are illiterate. The use of camera (71%), Bluetooth (33%), Radio (61%) TV (41%) are the other means of sharing the information. In this context of importance of ICTs in Indian agriculture, greater attention justifies about the applications of ICT's to alleviate poverty and promote economic growth of the farming population.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.2 s.46
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• pp.299-305
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• 2007

This thesis will show the preparation of politic alternative plan about reaction through studying the domestic and overseas research trend and theories about online games analyzing the related problems. Online games have been already placed as the major culture trend in our society and produced the economic wealth as the major theme of 'Korean trend hot wind', including improvement of our foreign confidence. And the investments in online games and related industry are expected to be great Blue Ocean to us to have relatively deficient endowed resources. But with these beneficial effects, many unexpected reactions have happened and often published by medias, and they will be expected to be serious. So, it is to establish the united solution system of disputes related to online games which are spread in each law. Through this, we must draw prevention effects and use that as the evidence of rational judgements. And we must make the base to give online games the opportunity of upgrading to national strategic industry and try to conduct the research in various fields between academic organizations.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.69-84
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• 2011

This paper presents the applicability of NATM Composite Lining method in domestic tunnel construction sites. Firstly, in order to produce high quality PC Panel, optimal steam curing condition is reviewed. And in preparation for fire inside the tunnel, the fire-resistance test of PC Panel is carried out. The constructability of NATM Composite Lining method and the drainage ability of light-weight foamed mortar is also evaluated through field construction test. And PC Panel combination program is developed to calculate the quantity of PC Panel efficiently. Besides, economic evaluation for NATM Composite Lining method is conducted. From this research, it is clearly found that NATM Composite Lining method is applicable to domestic tunnel construction site.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

China's rapid economic growth has resulted in significant environmental side effects. Therefore, China has been interested in reducing her dependence on foreign oil and gas by developing technologies needed for hydrogen, in addition to her increasing energy mix of nuclear and renewable energy form, such as solar and wind power. There are three isotopes of hydrogen, i.e. protium (P or H), deuterium (D), and tritium (T). Both deuterium and tritium are important materials in nuclear fuel cycle industry. Tritium is one of the critical radioactive nuclides. Planning for and implementing contamination control as a part of normal operation and maintenance activities is an important function in any hydrogen facility, especially tritium facility. The development of hydrogen isotopes analysis is the key issues in this area. Mass spectrometry (MS) with medium (about 600) and high resolution (> 1,400) is commercially available; however, the routine analysis of hydrogen isotopes is done with low-resolution MS (< 200) in China. This paper summarizes the progress of MS measurement technology for hydrogen isotope abundance in China, focusing on our lab's research program and technical status. An analyzing method has been introduced for accurate measurement of tritium abundance in the H.D.T system by low resolution MAT-253 MS. The quotient of compression ratio coefficient is determined by building up equipment for laboratory-scale preparation of secondary standard gases and by considering the difference in sensitivity between hydrogen isotopes. The results show that the measured value is reproducible within the relative error range of 0.8% for gas samples of different tritium abundance.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.63-68
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• 2011

Building deterioration would be proceeded by various causes such as physical, social, economic degradation. The deterioration would be inevitably prevented or delayed to get the decent function and performance in various building part and components. The maintenance and management are continued to provide the decent living condition for the household. The maintenance means mainly a repair, including the on-time and longterm plan. The longterm repair would be conducted by the systemic preparation in management activity and a required cost. Therefore, the annual due for the longterm repair plan is important to prepare the repair cost in a required time. In this paper, it aimed at analyzing the longterm repair cost and modelling to forecast the required cost in total area, number of household and time elapse in apartment housing. The estimation model of a repair cost is used with a power function which has a good statistics. Results of this study are shown that the sample has a longterm repair due in a $2,032won/m^2{\cdot}yr$ averagely which is higher than $912won/m^2{\cdot}yr$ in domestic. Second, the longterm repair due is proportionally correlated with the time elapse in both a total area and the number of household. Third, the estimation model for the longterm repair amount is suitable for the power function which is most in any other estimation models. Fourth, the ration of the longterm plan repair due a year to the cumulated longterm amount is about 26%.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 1999

While the codifying works or the earthquake resistant design codes for buildings and bridges have been carried out progressively, such works for tank structures are still at the beginning steps. In case of the collapse of tank structures under seismic actions, substantially severe damages are expected due to the spillage of tank contents in addition to the direct economic losses of tanks and contents. Therefore not only the analysis and verification methods for the dynamic behavior of tank structures but also the measures of minimizing the damage propagation should be included in the codes for tank structures. In this paper the design concepts and principles, the analysis and verification methods as well as the measures against the damage propagation are set forth, which are mandatory for the preparation of the earthquake resistant design codes for cylindrical liquid-storage steel tanks.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.439-452
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• 2018

This study aims to empirically structure the patterns of consumption and their effects on depression among the employed baby-boomers who were born in 1955 to in 1963. We used the 5th wave of Korea Retirement and Income Study(KReIS) in 2013 (n=2,585). The Latent Profile Analysis(LPA) estimated the empirical patterns of consumption and then a multiple regression analyzed the effect of consumption patterns on depression. The LPA results showed that the consumption patterns consist of four groups: Basic life-oriented class, Social life-oriented class, Home-based lifestyle class, and Advanced consumption-oriented class. The working baby boomers' depression was associated with their consumption patterns. Specifically, the social life-oriented class showed significantly lower depression than the basic life-oriented class and advanced consumption-oriented class. Other associates with higher levels of depression were found as lower education, having no spouse, lower self-rated health, higher levels of physical limitation, having a diagnosed disability, lower satisfaction with leisure activities, lower income, and lower subjective economic status in this study. Based on the results of this study, we propose the need for specialized financial intervention better for baby-boomers' retirement preparation in Korea.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2011

Natural polymers, biopolymers, and synthetic polymers based on renewable resources are the basis for the 21th portfolio of sustainable and eco-friendly plastics but high-volume consumable plastics continue to be dominated by nondegradable petroleum-based materials. Three factors have recently made biodegradable polymers economically attractive: (i) rising costs of petroleum production resulting from the depletion of the most easily accessible reserves, (ii) environmental and economic concerns associated with waste plastics, and (iii) emissions of carbon dioxide from preparation of petroleum-based materials. These pressures have driven commercial applications based on biodegradable polymers which are related to reduction of carbon dioxide in processing, such poly(hydroxy alkanoate) and poly (lactide). Since initial degradation of these polymers leads to catastrophic mechanical failure, it is necessary to control the rate of initial degradation for commercial applications. In this article, we have a critic review on the recent progress of polymer modification for the control of degradation.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.114-127
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• 2003

In the process of devising an efficient meal service system for the elderly, 478 elderly were interviewed at 6 different social centers with the elderly meal service program in Seoul area to monitor degree of satisfaction and/or needs of the beneficiaries regarding the program. The survey was conducted during the month of December 2002 by well-trained interviewers using self-developed questionnaire. Results were analyzed statistically using SAS package program. Most of the beneficiaries were low economic class and 76% of them had doctor diagnosed disease(s). Among the beneficiaries of congregate meal service, mean score of 12 aspects of satisfaction was 3.72 out of 5. For most of the questions, female elderly and healthy elderly responded with higher score than male elderly and unhealthy elderly, respectively (p<0.05, p<0.01). On the other hand, beneficiaries of the home-delivered meal service were little bit less satisfied with the service (3.54 out of 5). Compared to the beneficiaries of congregate meal service, larger portion of beneficiaries of home-delivered meal service wanted more meats (28.5 % vs. 17.1 %) and vegetables (23.2 % vs. 12.3 %) as side dishes. On the other hand, the most preferred type of cooking and/or seasoning was stewing for both cases. Based on these findings, it is suggested that more fresh foods should be used than processed foods in the preparation of meals for the elderly and, more fish-, meat- and vegetable- dishes should be served to come up to the needs of the elderly. Onto this, mainly Korean style meals with some intermittent Western, Japanese or Chinese style meals served at the right temperature would suffice most of the elderly needs.