• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.493-501
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• 2007

Recently, in the domestic amount of materials,curtailment and economic efficiency security by purpose, tapered beam application is achieved, but the architectural design technology of today based on the material non-linear method does not consider solutions to problems such as brittle fracture. So, geometric non-linear evaluation thatincludes initial deformation, width-thickness ratio, web stiffener and unbraced length is required. Therefore, in this study, we used ANSYS, a proven finite elementanalysis program,and material and geometric non-linear analysis to study existing and completed tapered H-section as deep beam's analysis model. Main parameters include the width-thickness ratio of web, stiffener, and flange brace, with the experimental result obtained by main variable buckling and limit strength evaluation. We made certain that a large width-thickness ratio of the web decreases the buckling strength and short unbraced web significantly improves ductility.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2015

The amount of energy consumed in air ventilation systems of public facilities accounts for 40% of their total energy consumption. To reduce their energy consumption, applying variable speed operation controlled by an inverter with a high-efficiency motor is suggested. Since these methods require higher initial investment costs compared to the existing systems, economic evaluation should be conducted from a long-term perspective. While LCCA(Life Cycle Cost Analysis) model is useful to estimate net savings of alternatives that differs with respect to initial costs and operating costs, the environmental burdens are not considered. On the contrary LCA(Life Cycle Assesment) model is suitable to assess environmental impacts associated with the stages of a product's life but it does not consider costs. In this study, the high-efficient motors are introduced into the air ventilation system of a subway station and a comprehensive analysis on the economic and environmental impacts of the proposed method is conducted by using LCCA and LCA model.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of water supply using hydraulic ram pump. Study area is the Imgok-ri, Hwanam-myeon, Sanju-si, Kyeongsangbuk-do. There is an abandoned coal mine, where groundwater is discharged from its entrance with a flow rate of approximately $260m^3/day$. Hydraulic ram pump uses the waterhammer phenomenon and utilizes the power of falling water for pumping part of that water to a higher elevation than the water sources without electric power. To determine the efficiency of hydraulic ram pump, the flow rate was measured at three points according to the altitude difference (${\Delta}h=19m$ (point 1), 30 m (point 2), 40 m (point 3)). Flow rate measured at 1, 2, and 3 were about $8.6{\sim}10.8m^3/day$, $3.98{\sim}4.39m^3/day$, and $2.35{\sim}2.59m^3/day$, respectively. The current results suggested that, hydraulic ram pump could be applicable for the water supply system in mountain areas without external power supply.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.610-618
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• 2008

It is not easy to compare the treatment processes and find an optimum operating condition by the experiments due to influent conditions, treatment processes, various operational conditions and complex factors in real wastewater treatment system and also need a lot of time and costs. In this paper, the activated sludge models are applied to four principal biological wastewater treatment processes, $A_2O$(anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process), Bardenpho(4 steps), VIP(Virginia Initiative Plant) and UCT(University of Cape Town), and are used to compare their environmental and economic assessment for four key processes. In order to evaluate each processes, a new assessment index which can compare the efficiency of treatment performances in various processes is proposed, which considers both environmental and economic cost. It shows that the proposed index can be used to select the optimum processes among the candidate treatment processes as well as to find the optimum condition in each process. And it can find the change of economic and environmental index under the changes of influent flowrate and aerobic reaction size and predict the optimum index under various operation conditions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.667-676
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• 2016

The purpose of study was to determine the differences in organizational culture between social enterprises and commercial enterprises and assess the impact on organizational performance in Korea. Main results are as follows. First, Social enterprises employ a lot of low-imcome women and the elderly worker. Second, rational culture is high in profit businesses, but cultural group is high in social enterprises. In commercial enterprise, productivity and efficiency, planning and goal setting, assessing goals and looking for the evaluation of the performance are important. and in social enterprise, affinity and participation, employees individual development and group morale and cohesion, emphasis on mutual cooperation and trust are important. In addition, both social performance and economic performance, social enterprises are higher than in commercial enterprises. Social enterprises are operating transparently based on workers participation and understanding is expected that economic performance is also highly recognized. Third, social performance is higher development and group culture are higher in commercial enterprises, and development, group and hierarchy culture are higher in social enterprises. Economic performance is higher reasonal culture is lower in commercial enterprises, and group culture is higher in social enterprises. Therefore, the social enterprise workers are recognizing social and economic performance are higher than commercial enterprise workers. In short, social enterprises is making discriminatory organizational culture, and this is contributing to achieving organizational performance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.176-176
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• 2019

Thailand had issued a national strategic development master plan with issues related to water resources and water security in the entire water management. Water resources are an important factor of living and development of the country's socio-economy to be stable, prosperous and sustainable. Therefore, water management in both multidimensional and multi-sectoral systems is important and will supports socio-economic and environmental development. The direction of national development in accordance with the national strategic framework for 20 years that requires the country to level up security level in terms of water, energy and food. To response to the proposed goals, there is a subplan to increase water productivity of the entire water system for economical development use by evaluating use value and to create more value added from water use to meet international standard level. This study aims to evaluate the water productivity of Thailand in each basin and all sectors such as agricultural sector, service and industrial sectors by using the water use data from water account analysis and GDP data from NESDB during the past 10 years (1996-2015). The comparison of water productivity with other countries will also be conducted and in addition, the measures to improve water productivity in next 20 years will be explored to response to the National Strategic Master Plan goals. Water productivity is defined as output per unit of water depleted. The simplest way to compare water productivity across different enterprises is in monetary terms. World Bank presents water productivity as an indication of the efficiency by which each country uses its water resources. There are two data sets used for water productivity analyses, i.e., the first is water use data at end users and the second is Gross Domestic Product. The water use at end users are estimated by water account method based on the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEA-Water) concept of United Nations. The water account shows the analyses of the water balance between the use and supply of each water resource in physical terms. The water supply and use linkage in the water account analyses separated into each phases, i.e., water sources, water managers, water service providers, water user at end user under water regulators of all kinds of water use activities such as household, industrial, agricultural, tourism, hydropower, and ecological conservation uses. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a well- known measuring method of the national economic growth is not actually a comprehensive approach to describe all aspects of national economic status, since GDP does not take into account the costs of the negative impacts to natural resources that result from the overexploitation of development projects, however, at present, integrating the environment with the economy of a country to measure its economic growth with GDP is acceptable worldwide. The study results will show the water use at each basin, use types at end users, water productivity in each sector from 1996-2015 compared with other countries, Besides the productivity improvement measures will be explored and proposed for the National Strategic Master Plan.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.585-593
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• 2013

For a successful construction project, systematic and objective decision-making is a prerequisite from the planning and designing stages. However, previous LCC analysis methods have focused only on simple cost savings and the accompanying economic efficacy while missing the environmental aspects of a structure. Although recently, a new approach of integrated $CO_2$ analysis has been introduced, which is more advanced than the existing simple LCC methods, it is difficult to collect all of the data necessary for each evaluation item since the product-specific cost is not presented under the LCC. In this research, cost evaluation items were selected by relatively high weights and items with heavy influence over a decision-making process in order to suggest an LCC-LCA integrated analysis model that is useful in comprehensively assessing the economic cost and environmental cost throughout the whole life cycle of a structure. The developed LCC-LCA integrated analysis model was applied to actual practices and compared with previous methods to test the model's effectiveness.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.65-85
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• 2022

In this study, in order to derive the priority of indicators and sustainability areas of smart ports, which means ports in the digital era, previous studies and ESG, which have recently been indispensably introduced in all industries worldwide, were studied together. A hierarchical structure was established with upper evaluation items and 20 lower evaluation items in four areas (operational, environmental, social, and governance), and a relative evaluation method of weighting items among the AHP techniques was applied. The pairwise comparison questionnaire consisted of a 9-point scale proposed by Satty (1980). A survey was conducted targeting working-level workers who perform sustainability or ESG(Environmental, Social, Governance)-related work at four representative port authorities in Korea (Busan, Incheon, Ulsan, Yeosu Gwangyang). In order to increase the accuracy of the analysis results, AHP analysis was conducted on 17 questionnaires with a consistency ratio of 0.1 or less. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that among the four areas representing the sustainability of domestic smart ports, the operation area had the highest priority, followed by the environment area. In addition, looking at the overall priorities for the 20 detailed indicators, indicators such as operational efficiency, operational planning, energy management, and pollution measurement and management system were found to have high priority. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the social and the governance areas had relatively low importance compared to other areas.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.sup
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• pp.51-60
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to suggest strategies for improving "Livestock Manure Treatment Systems and Related Technologies Assessment Program". Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to evaluate reasonableness of applied weight value for assessment and improve program management strategies. Results of mail survey collected from animal manure treatment technology specialists of 30 companies nationwide were used for AHP. Company's ability, technological prowess, facility's convenience, economic feasibility are four important aspects of assessment program evaluation using AHP. More than 70% of the respondents said they were overall satisfied with the objectivity of assessment program regarding above four evaluation aspects. However, only 36% of them answered that they were very satisfied with the objectivity of assessment program in terms of economic feasibility. The evaluation results revealed that the assessment program needs to be made up for the weak points regarding economic feasibility. The AHP weight calculation results showed that the current assessment program overestimates the technological prowess, especially livestock manure treatment efficiency. It suggests that the weight value of current assessment program in terms of technological prowess needs to be determined carefully. The current assessment program combined with AHP weight value determination approach will be very useful to improve objectivity and reliability of assessment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.6B
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• pp.551-563
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• 2011

Water resource projects need an enormous national budget. Therefore, a reasonable and reliable decision making is required for the planning of water resource projects, but decision making has been mostly performed by economic analysis. The objective of this study is to develop a Multi-criteria Decision Making(MCDM) model which can assess the project in various aspects for the selection of preferable alternative and determination of investment priority in water resource projects. In this study, the criteria involves economic feasibility, policies, vulnerability, and sub-items which have weights obtained from the expert survey for the consistent evaluation. We also derived the utility function considering risk trend of each item based on the expert survey. Then, the total score was estimated by weights of each item and utility score of each attribute. The results show that vulnerability is a major contributor for the criteria. This study will contribute to the selection of proper water resource projects considering efficiency of project and fairness for vulnerable area.